Infective endocarditis: a consumptive disease among the elderly

Abstract

The clinical presentation of infective endocarditis varies according to the
etiologic agent and the host. In elderly individuals, infective endocarditis can
be difficult to diagnose and poses a challenge for the physician. The course of
subacute infective endocarditis is indolent, and the onset of cardiac structural
lesion is slow and gradual. In elderly patients, anemia and weight loss are
occasionally the only or the most striking symptoms. In such cases, the clinical
reasoning process leads to a hypothesis of wasting syndrome or neoplastic
disease, especially when there is no fever. We report the case of an elderly
patient who had mitral insufficiency due to degenerative valve disease and
presented with bacterial endocarditis due to Streptococcus mitis. The patient
was not treated, because the diagnosis was not established in a timely manner.
It is of note that the patient presented with marked weight loss and no fever.
The autopsy revealed impairment of the mitral valve and left atrium due to
endocarditis, as well as lung involvement due to chronic inhalation of smoke
from biomass burning, such as that produced by wood-burning stoves.