Using the Graf method of ultrasound examination to classify hip dysplasia in neonates

Authors

  • Bruno de Castro Paixão Jacobino Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
  • Mariana Domingues Galvão Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
  • Adriano Ferreira da Silva Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
  • Cláudio Campi de Castro Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4322/acr.%25y.36456

Keywords:

Hip Dislocation, Ultrasonography, Congenital Abnormalities, Infant, Newborn.

Abstract

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common congenital orthopedic anomalies. Ultrasound examination employing the Graf method is used to diagnose DDH. We conducted a retrospective cross‑sectional study of 222 neonatal patients (140 females and 82 males) submitted to ultrasound examination of the right and left hips between January of 2009 and May of 2011. The mean age was 5.0 days. The patients were grouped by laterality, mean alpha (α) and beta (β) angles (in degrees), and hip type (as determined
by the Graf classification). The data collected were statistically correlated.
Mean α angle values were higher in males than in females, as well as being higher for right hips than for left hips (p < 0.001). In contrast, mean β angle values were lower in males than in females, as well as being lower for right hips than for left hips (p < 0.001). Type Ia hips (i.e., mature hips) predominated
in both genders and on both sides, having been found in 82.32% of the examinations of males and in 71.09% of those of females. The right hip was classified as type Ia in 78.38% of the examinations, and the left hip was classified as type Ia in 72.07%. Type IIa hips (i.e., immature hips) were found in 12.8% of the examinations of males and in 20% of those of females. The right hip was classified as type IIa in 13.96% of the examinations, and the left hip was classified as type IIa in 20.72%. The remaining hip types were less common. We emphasize the importance of ultrasound as a standard method
of screening for DDH.

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Author Biographies

  • Bruno de Castro Paixão Jacobino, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
    Institut of Heart - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
  • Mariana Domingues Galvão, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
    Institut of Heart - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
  • Adriano Ferreira da Silva, Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
    Diagnostic Imaging Service - Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.
  • Cláudio Campi de Castro, Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.

    Diagnostic Imaging Service - Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.

    Department of Radiology - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil.

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Published

2012-06-08

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2012)

Section

Autopsy Case Report

License

Authors of articles published by Autopsy and Case Report retain the copyright of their work without restrictions, licensing it under the Creative Commons Attribution License - CC-BY, which allows articles to be re-used and re-distributed without restriction, as long as the original work is correctly cited.

How to Cite

Jacobino, B. de C. P., Galvão, M. D., da Silva, A. F., & de Castro, C. C. (2012). Using the Graf method of ultrasound examination to classify hip dysplasia in neonates. Autopsy and Case Reports, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.4322/acr.%y.36456