Abdominal obesity: prevalence, sociodemographic- and lifestyle-associated factors in adolescents

Autores

  • Willian R. Tebar Mestre em Saúde Pública – Universidade de São Paulo - FSP/USP, São Paulo-SP. /Grupo de Estudos em Atividade Física e Saúde (GEAFS), UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP.
  • Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei Docente do curso de Fisioterapia e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia da UNESP de Presidente Prudente-SP
  • Catarina C. Scarabotollo Grupo de Estudos em Atividade Física e Saúde (GEAFS), UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP
  • Edner F. Zanuto
  • Bruna T. C. Saraiva
  • Fernanda C.S.G. Tebar
  • Leandro D. Delfino
  • Diego G. D. Christofaro Grupo de Estudos em Atividade Física e Saúde (GEAFS), UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP. /Docente do curso de Educação Física da UNESP de Presidente Prudente-SP e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade da UNESP de Rio Claro-SP

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127653

Palavras-chave:

Abdominal obesity, Waist circumference, Sedentary behaviour, Adolescents.

Resumo

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its associated factors among adolescents, independent of confounders. Methods: A sample of 14–17-year-old individuals (n=1.231), who were students from Londrina/PR-Brazil public schools, was studied. A questionnaire about physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic conditions was applied. Anthropometry was composed of body weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI=kg/m²) and waist circumference (cm). The association of abdominal obesity and independent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and the magnitude of associations was verified using Binary Logistic Regression in an unadjusted model and adjusted for confounders (gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behaviour). The confidence interval and statistical significance were set at 95% and 5%, respectively, using SPSS v15.0. Results: The abdominal obesity prevalence was 17.5% (CI = 15.4%–19.6%), and was higher in boys than in girls. Adolescents with abdominal obesity had higher values of body weight, height, body mass index and sedentary behaviour compared to eutrophic individuals. Being male increased the risk of abdominal obesity by 36% in adolescents. This risk was two times higher in those with high levels of sedentary behaviour. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with gender and high levels of sedentary behaviour, regardless of confounding factors. Lifestyle habits are important modifiable risk factors that can effectively contribute to the reduction of obesity from an early age.

Referências

World Health Organization (WHO). Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995.

Sichieri R, Souza RA. Strategies for obesity prevention in children and adolescents. Cad Saude Publica. 2008; 24(Suppl 2):209-23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008001400002

Klein JD, Matos Auerbach M. Improving adolescent health outcomes. Minerva Pediatr. 2002;54(1):25-39.

Friedrich RR, Schuch I, Wagner MB. Effect of interventions on the body mass index of school-age students. Rev Saude Publica. 2012; 46(3):551–60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102012005000036

Halley Castillo E, Borges G, Talavera JO, Orozco R, Vargas-Alemán C, Huitrón-Bravo G, et al. Body mass index and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in two Mexican populations. J Adolesc Health. 2007;40(6):521-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.12.015

Martins IS, Marinho SP. The potential of central obesity anthropometric indicators as diagnostic tools. Rev Saude Publica. 2003; 37(6):760-67. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102003000600011

Sena ASS, Cardoso AS, Carvalho DF, Medeiros JL, Coutinho GF, Albuquerque FCL, et al. Excessive daytime sleepness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and teenagers with overweight. J Hum Growth Dev. 2013;23(1):24-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.50387

Salvador CCZ, Kitoko PM, Gambardella AMD. Nutritional status of children and adolescents: factors associated to overweight and fat accumulation. J Hum Growth Dev. 2014; 24(3): 313-319. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhdg.88969.

Noronha JAF, Ramos ALC, Ramos AT, Cardoso MAA, Carvalho DF, Medeiros CCM. High blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents. J Hum Growth Dev. 2012; 22(2):196-201. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.44940

Guimarães ICB, Almeida AM, Santos AS, Barbosa DBV, Guimarães AC. Blood Pressure: Effect of Body Mass Index and of Waist Circumference on Adolescents. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;90(6):426-32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2008000600007

Leite ACB, Ferrazzi NB, Mezadri T, Höfelmann DA. Body dissatisfaction among students in Brazilian Southern city. J Hum Growth Dev. 2014;24(1):54-61. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.72154

Moser DC, Milano GE, Brito LMS, Titski ACK, Leite N. High blood pressure, overweigth and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Rev Educ Física/UEM. 2011;22(4): 591-600. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/reveducfisv22n4p591-600

Cabrera TFC, Correia IFL, Santos DO, Pacagnelli FL, Prado MTA, Silva TD, et al. Analisys of the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the level of physical activity in children and adolescents of a southwestern city of Sao Paulo. J Hum Growth Dev. 2014; 24(1):67-72. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.73455

Klein-Platat C, Oujaa M, Wagner A, Haan MC, Arveiler D, Schlienger JL, et al. Physical activity is inversely related to waist circumference in 12-y-old French adolescents. Int J Obes. 2005; 29(1):9-14. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802740

Taylor RW, Jones IE, Williams SM, Goulding A. Evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the conicity index as screening tools for high trunk fat mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3-19 y. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(2):490-5.

Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36(5):936-42.

Guedes DP, Lopes CC, Guedes J, Stanganelli LC. Reproducibility and validity of the Baecke questionnaire for assessing of the habitual physical activity in adolescents. Rev Port Cien Desp. 2006; 6(3):265-74.

Thibault H, Contrand B, Saubusse E, Baine M, Maurice-TisonS. Risk factors for overweight and obesity in French adolescents: physical activity, sedentary behavior and parental characteristics. Nutrition. 2010;26(2):192-200. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.03.015

Instituto Brasileiro de Opinião Pública e Estatística (IBOPE). Levantamento sócio-econômico, 2009. Rio de Janeiro. [cited 2015 Oct 08] Available from: www.abep.org/Servicos/Download.aspx?

Kelishadi R, Motlagh ME, Bahreynian M, Gharavi MJ, Kabir K, Ardalan G, et al. Methodology and Early Findings of the Assessment of Determinants of Weight Disorders among Iranian Children and Adolescents: The Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Noncommunicable Disease-IV Study. Int J Prev Med. 2015;6:77. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.162953

Novaes JF, Franceschini SC, Priore SE. Comparison of the anthropometric and biochemical variables between children and their parents. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2007;57 (2):137-45.

Holben DH, Taylor CA. Food Insecurity and Its Association With Central Obesity and Other Markers of Metabolic Syndrome Among Persons Aged 12 to 18 Years in the United States. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(9):536-43. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2015.111

Shokrvash B, Majlessi F, Montazeri A, Nedjat S, Rahimi A, Djazayeri A, et al. Correlates of physical activity in adolescence: a study from a developing country. Glob Health Action. 2013; 6: 203-27. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.20327

Nader P; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development Network. Frequency and intensity of activity of third-grade children in physical education. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(2):185-90. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.157.2.185

Ridgers ND, Stratton G, Fairclough SJ. Physical activity levels of children during school playtime. Sports Med 2006;36(4):359-71. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636040-00005

Baruki SB, Rosado LE, Rosado GP, Ribeiro RC. Association between nutritional status and physical activity in Municipal Schools in Corumbá – MS. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2006;12(2):90-4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922006000200007

Pinasco GC, Silva JP, Almeida PCD, Silva VR, Arruda BF, Lopes BP, et al. Association between food consumption as predictor of cardiovascular risk and waist circumference increase in teenagers. J Hum Growth Dev. 2015; 25(3):319-24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.106010

Cavalcanti CBS, Barros MVG, Menêses AL, Santos CM, Azevedo AMP, Guimarães FJSP. Obesidade abdominal em adolescentes: prevalência e associação com atividade física e hábitos alimentares. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010; 94(3):371-7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2010000300015

Leão LSCS, Araújo LMB, Moraes LTLP, Assis AM. Prevalência de obesidade em escolares de Salvador, Bahia. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2003;47(2):151-7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302003000200007

Ronque ERV, Cyrino ES, Dorea VR, Serassuelo Junior H, Galdi EHG, Arruda M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of high socioeconomic level in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Rev Nutr. 2005;18(6):709-17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732005000600001

Felicitas JQ, Tanenbaum HC, Li Y, Chou CP, Palmer PH, Spruijt-Metz D, et al. A longitudinal analysis of the effects of socioeconomic factors, foreign media, and attitude toward appearance on general and central adiposity in chinese adolescents. Prev Med Rep. 2015;2:608-214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.07.003

Wardle J, Brodersen NH, Cole TJ, Jarvis MJ, Boniface DR. Development of adiposity in adolescence: five year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people in Britain. BMJ. 2006; 13;332(7550):1130-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38807.594792.AE

Schutte AE, van Rooyen JM, Huisman HW, Kruger HS, Malan NT, De Ridder JH, et al. Dietary risk markers that contribute to the aetiology of hypertension in black South African children: The THUSA BANA study. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17(1):29-35. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001508

Van Rooyen JM, Kruger HS, Huisman HW, Schutte AE, Malan NT, Schutte R. Early cardiovascular changes in 10- to 15-year-old stunted children: The transition and health during urbanization in South Africa in Children study. Nutrition. 2005;21(7-8):808-14. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.12.007

Wardle J, Brodersen NH, Boniface D. School-based physical activity and changes in adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007; 31(9):1464-8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803651

Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Cerin E, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, et al. Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(4): 661-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc07-2046

Publicado

2017-04-13

Edição

Seção

Artigos Originais