Made in China 2025 e Industrie 4.0: a difícil transição chinesa do catching up à economia puxada pela inovação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2018.144303Palavras-chave:
China, Alemanha, Manufatura avançada, Tecnologia, Políticas públicasResumo
Este artigo estabelece uma comparação entre os principais planos executados pelo governo chinês para elevar o patamar tecnológico de sua economia e a plataforma Industrie 4.0, patrocinada pelo governo da Alemanha. Referência mundial para países avançados e emergentes, a plataforma Industrie 4.0 prenunciou profundas transformações no universo da manufatura com impactos em todas as sociedades. Os autores indicam que na arena tecnológica, apesar de avanços enormes, a China ainda não alcançou os padrões da Alemanha e de países como os Estados Unidos e o Japão. A efetivação dos ambiciosos planos chineses, em especial do Made in China 2025, tem pela frente desafios institucionais e tecnológicos significativos, como a incerteza estrutural que permeia a economia e as preferências oficiais pelas empresas públicas e grandes corporações privadas, derivadas do estilo top down de decisão que marca a atuação do Estado chinês. Os autores argumentam que a continuidade da progressão chinesa para além do catching up depende de sua
capacidade de combinar a busca de tecnologias de ruptura com a construção de um ambiente mais flexível, capaz de difundir a inovação e manter o upgrading constante da capacidade endógena de desenvolvimento de CT&I.
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