A revista Agrária tem como proposta a construção de um canal de debate em torno da questão agrária, em uma perspectiva crítica, com o compromisso de contribuir para a compreensão de seus fundamentos e suas diferentes formas de manifestações territoriais. Nesse sentido a revista debate temas atuais apresentados geralmente sob a forma de dossiês, com contribuições de pesquisadores nacionais e internacionais. A revista possui as seguintes seções: Artigos, Teoria em Debate e Resenhas.
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
O autor se compromete a sempre que publicar material referente ao artigo públicado na Revista AGRÁRIA mencionar a referida publicação da seguinte forma: "Este artigo foi públicado originalmente pela Revista AGRÁRIA em seu volume (colocar o volume), número (colocar o número) no ano de (colocar o ano) e pode ser acessado em http://www.revistas.usp.br/agraria"
Cultural Forests: Sociocultural Handling, territorialities and sustentability
Some alternatives of use come being identified as possible and advantageous for the conservation of the Tropical Forests. The basic idea has been to develop a type of agrarian activity that combines the maintenance of the forests, by means of strategies of use joint of the forest resources. In this research, in progress, we are debating the concept of territoriality and territorialization and the use of the resources as important slight knowledge for agreement of the permanence and transformation of the culture and its yours practices social in different traditional populations whom if they use of the Humid Forests in the South America. It constitutes a subject of particular importance for a rich continent in biological and cultural diversity. To argue the notion of natural resources constructed by different representations of the forest is basic when if it considers that to know them patrimonial they conflict with knowing technician, economic and normative of the public politics of conservation spread out for the government agencies.
Agricultural innovation: key to face the challenges of food security and climate change
Thanks to technological and managerial innovation, world agriculture is currently able to produce sufficient food to feed 7 billion peopleworldwide. Notwithstanding, less than one billion peoplestillsuffer from hunger. Demographic growth, increasing urbanization, and dietary changes of a large share of world populationwill trigger a sharp growth of world food demand, which in 2050 will be 60% higher than today. The challenge of meeting expanding food demand is further exacerbatedby climate change and erosion of natural resources.It is therefore necessary to significantly increase investments in agricultural research and development, especially in developing countries. The capacities of national agricultural innovation systems must be developed and made more responsive to the needs of smallholders. The Tropical Agriculture Platform(TAP), an initiative recently promoted by G20 and facilitated by FAO, will coordinate and give more impact to international interventions for capacity development of agricultural innovation systems in developing countries.
Financing of the rural sector: an analysis of the PROCERA and PRONAF programs and the case of rural settlements of the pontal of the Paranapanema -SP
Currently discussing access to rural credit in Brazil, highlighting its scarcity and inefficiency to small producers. In this sense, the work was examine government programs designed to serve primarily to those producers and analyze the reality of rural settlements in order to make a comparison between theory and reality and identify problems and possible solutions, using information from the consultancy report "the public policy of credit to the rural settlements in Brazil" and the Census of Agrarian Reform of 2002. The results showed the difficulties faced by the settlers to survive on their lots and access to credit, but also showed that the requirements imposed by financial institutions and lack of incentives by the state. This all could justify the inefficiency of public programs for rural credit.
Agriculture, trade and protectionism an impossible synthesis? The case of geographical indications
In recent years food market globalization has led to the need of differentiating productions, for instance by recognizing products quality thanks to quality labels. In this regardGeographical Indications’ systemisone of the toolsmost likely to ensuretherecognition of the qualityat an international level. Thispaper presents areflectionon the functionalityof Geographical Indicationsas a tool formarket regulation and for tha valorization of food chain products.
The recreation of peasant territories through the production of food and energy: the experience of MPA in Frederico Westphalen - RS
We consider the Agrarian Question in Brazil as a result of a structural problem of inequality and processes rooted in the perversity of the capitalist mode of production that unfolds in the territorial dispute by opposing models of society, one of agribusiness and one of the peasant way of life. This issue involves Food Sovereignty as a key element that explains the importance of territorypeasant.Then, the analysis of the Agrarian Question in this article is built from the peasant slope of the Paradigm Agrarian Question advocating the creation and recreation of peasants territories through a diversified production. From this perspective, we have the example of the Movement of Small Farmers (in Rio Grande do Sul), which binds Energy Sovereignty and Food Sovereignty as a form of resistance and recreation of their territory by proposing an alternative way of producing the agribusiness model.
Control and territorial domain in the south of the state of Mato Grosso: an analysis of the performance of "Matte Larangeira Company" in the period between 1883 and 1937
The Triple Alliance Agreement (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay) made during the Paraguay War (1864-1870), which defined the territorial boundary between Brazil and Paraguay, was decisive so that, during the period between 1883 and 1937, the south of the present state of Mato Grosso do Sul formed a productive structure characterized by large farmlands, exploring the traditional economic activities: Paraguay tea (maté/ Yerba Mate) and cattle. This article aims to analyze the role of Matte Larangeira Company, enterprise which in this period monopolized the production and trade of the Paraguay tea in the area, in the process of structuring the nearby territory characterized by large farms of Paraguay tea and cattle, that together with members of the state government, had strong power and land control in the area for decades. In order to accomplish such goal and clarify the government’s ideals to integrate the area of domain of the Paraguay tea to the external market, this article was organized based on the regionalhistory and on the analysis of texts about the topic.
O modelo socialista de Cooperativa de Produção Agropecuária (CPA): contradições e avanços - estudo de caso de Copava
Santos Reis feast flag outing rituals at Jardim das Aroeiras, Goiânia, Goiás
This article focuses on the Santos Reis flag outing at Jardim das Oliveiras located in Goiânia, Goiás, a festival of strong rural roots. Marry-make’s Ritualistic movements during spacial interaction is discussed, allowing a possible interpretation of its cultural influences while displacement, futhermore its mobilization and movement of people. The journey or turn of Reis feast is approached once it is a popular Christmas feast which reflets the Three Kings trip heading to Belém as a way to understand rural tradition rescue and the home-street relation in urban context. Geography authors along with other social science authors discuss in order to comprehend the flag outings as though a popular feast. Such discussions are based on bibliographic references and fieldwork.
The place of the peasantry in the capitalism: the multiple dimensions of THE (re)creation process of a class and of away of life
In order to overcome the recurring vision that the peasantry is a subject of the past, this work aims to investigate the following questions: is there a place for the peasants in the capitalist mode of production? How these subjects recreate themselves in this context? The reflections to answer these questions were established from the literature review that incorporates the contributions of thinkers from various fields of human sciences, in pursuit for complementary elements between different views. Thus, it was established as a hypothesis the understanding that, historically, the peasantry forms a social class and a way of life able to recreate themselves in different socioeconomic, cultural and political context. The considerations of this work lead us to understand that there is a place for the peasantry under capitalism, despite their subaltern class status. Even in thecontext of Empires Food, its capacity for resistance and resilience, manifested in its multiple dimensions of their way of life, allows their reproduction.
Territorialization of the National Program for biodiesel production and use and capital accumulation in Brazil
The implementation of the National Program for Biodiesel Production and Use (PNPB) in Brazil has implications for the production of space. Thus, we sought to understand how PNPB has been territorializing to the light of abroad process of capital accumulation, meaning the creation of productive infra structure in concentrated form, in a capitalist market extremely oligopolistic, with a wide process of expropriation of peasant land rent. The analysis results showed that large conglomerates are controlling the biodiesel production process, as well asmarketing and production of raw materials. In practice, this control has become clear by a set of capital strategies focused on wealth concentration, labor exploitation and the territorialization of corporate interests in energy production using oil seeds in Brazil.
Sugarcane expansion and socio-spatial impacts of agrofuel production on Triângulo Mineiro (1980-2012)
The research theme involves the biofuels production and the sugarcane production expansion on Triangulo Mineiro/ High Paranaiba, which is a main discussions of the current agrarian question, from the problems field aggravation, as land incorporation to sugarcane monoculture. The main study objectives, we sought to understand the sugarcane production recente socio-territorial dimensions to biofuels production on agrarian space of Minas Gerais and their relationships with rural social structures (peasant/ familiar production mainly); analyze sugarcane industry development front of the other agricultural production and livestock on region and check major impacts of monoculture expansion. Thus, was carried out a theme literature review and data and information collection in secondary sources. Accordingly, have territories ownership to sugarcane production as the principal cause of territorial conflicts and disputes on brazilian field, where agriculture industrialization subordinates the natural to capital.
Analysis of land use, of taxes (ITR), and the concentration of land in the city of Piracicaba (SP): Sugarcane Industry and landscape homogenization
This paper analyzes the process of homogenization of rural Piracicaba-SP. Since the variables of land use, the land ownership structure obtained at the Institute of Agricultural Economics (IEA) of São Paulo and the National Treasury Secretariat (STN), consists of the databases involved in identifying processes earth concentration (Gini) and identification productive diversity index (Theil). Applied these indicators was established correlation with a pattern of homogenization of the landscape in the territorial advance sugarcane sector, the change in land prices and tax evasion schemes Rural Land Tax (ITR), in the period from 2000 to 2008.
Ethanol and capital in crisis reproduction
This essay analyzes the recent tendencies in the sugarcane sector, and evaluates the increasing process of monopolization, particularly with the participation of multinational corporations. The study observes that the larger concentration of capital coincides with the increasing territorial expansion of sugarcane monocropping, especially in areas with access to infrastructure, in the Southeast region, and in regions with vast water resources in the Cerrado. This process of contradictory“growth” is determined by the international economic crisis, in a moment of the predominance of financial capital. In this context, the study shows a constant dependency of the sugarcane industry on subsidies and state credit, in addition to the permanence of labor exploitation.
The modern barbarity of agribusiness - large state - exporter and its social and ambient implications
Theagrarian/agricultural national model, dominated for the national and international capital, based onlarge estate, monoculture and exportation, brings social and environmental negative consequences. Therefore, this model,contradictorily, represents at the same time the Barbarianism and Modernity. In this direction, the alternative to this model is the construction of an agrarian reform that allows the production of peasant and all the country peoples’agriculture in full way, once they keep a balanced relation with the nature, produce culture in country side and fulfills an important rolein the health food production for all the population.
The myth of the renewability in the expansion of agroindustry sucroenergetica
In the context of the expansion of agroindustry sucroenergetica, there is agreat effort of the agroindustry from to relate environmental issues with the activities itself developed, specially the production of ethanol.We observe the formation of a discourse that prioritizes the identification of generation process biofuel as a renewable form of energy production. In contrast to the arguments that emphasizes such renewability or even that identifies in the ethanol of sugar cane the existence of a supposedly clean energy source, we proposed in this article to develop an analysis that reveals this discourse as a myth.Based on an interdisciplinary reflection, we discuss, therefore, some of the territorial impacts resulting from the current ethanol production chain.
The siege of sugarcane: contradictions and conflicts in rural settlements
The advance of sugarcane within the rural settlements of São Paulo exposes the contradictions of capitalist development in the field at the same time it signals the need for a continuing debate about the reproduction of the Brazilian peasantry. Since the cane officially entered the Monte Alegre settlement, in the region of Araraquara, in an area of modernized agriculture, 317 families have joined the planting with plants -which accounts for 89% of all families of the settlement.The transformation of these spaces in a "sea" of cane requires a careful analysis of the routes by which advances the Brazilian agrarian reform. From the perspective of thinking about this issue, we present in this paper an analysis of the impacts of income from sugar cane within the settlement.
The workers' resistence in Alagoas' sugar cane plantation
The most recent process of productive restructuration of Alagoas ́ sugarcane agro industry –initiated in the 1990 –modified profoundly the criterions of workers selections, the labor organization and its way of management. Those changes, which affect directly the workers, resulted in the intensification of the work rhythm, elevation of its productivity and decrease of job numbers. In the core of those configurations in the relationship between capital and work, the purpose of the present article is to analyze the ways of resistance constituted by the sugarcane worker in Alagoas. To achieve this purpose, were realized field research and interview with sugarcane cutters, brail operator, inspectors and leaders of rural labor union.
Resenha do livro "Biofuel partnerships: from battleground to common ground?”
Agrarian reform in Brazil: some considerations about the materialization of rural settlements
This paper discusses in general terms some dilemmas that the process of settlement of landless families brings up, assuming certain analytical parameter theoretical and conceptual already consolidated in geography. Thus, the objective is to discussthe realization of the land struggle represented by the Settlement Project and scientific treatment of the topic has received. To accomplish the above discussion, it starts from the recognition that the state, especially in the last twenty years the federal government that followed, is not the only and main protagonist of the emergence of the Project for Agrarian Reform Settlements. Rather, civil society organizations in social movements in the field who is pressing the state for the implementation of land reform. During the different stages that characterizes the process of settlement, there is a series of problems arising from the transformation of landless families for family sitting, small rural producer. In the midst of this process the relationship between the State, settled families and social movements is presented in a confrontational, producing a number oflimitations to achieving the conquest of the land.
Agrarian Reform and tourism: first critical-theoretical approachoes
Tourism as na activity has been based alternative to the “development” and economic sustainability of settlements and small family production units. Thus, there is so compelling logic which reflect underlyng this alternative and to what extent it supports or opposes the political project of Agrarian Reform, by passing a more immediate prospect of tourism as a sector, economic activity or form of income generation. Considering the complexity of concepts that are quibbling about and that are taken as fundamental issues in this paper aims to discuss theoretical and critical elements that merge to tourism in the areas of agrarian reform, condidering the perspective of bourgeois capitalist that is associated with this activity and what are the concrete operational limits and possibilities of re-reading when in fact these approaches, there are evident antithesis in relation to the political project of social movements. Thus the possible mediations between tourism and agrarian reform must be sustained in the theoretical and critical elementes that make up this analysis and are embodied in work, social reproduction andideology and value as essentially human and social relations that determine.
O enigma do capital: e as crises do capitalismo
Possibilities and limits of the "Citizenship Territories" program based on its performance in the "Central Region" territory and in Santa Maria city/ RS
This article aims to identify through the study of Territory Central Region/RS and the examples found in Santa Maria, the effects of the deployment of the program areas of Citizenship. This analysis was organized into four components: a) the firstly, a theoretical research was carried out; b) second, an analysis of documents produced by the program; c) the third section was basedin field research participants, in visitations to the entities benefitting from the program in Santa Maria city, as well as application of questionnaires for the subjects involved; d) finally, the last section of this research tried to systematize the data, by analyzing them in a critical.As a result, it was found that the Citizenship Territories Program, it does give the opportunity to the civil society organizations to intervene in the course of state actions, besides subsidizing the democratization of access to basic rights. The case of Santa Maria city, in particular, has helped to strengthen cooperatives and rural workers’ union. Regarding the Central Region Territory / RS, it was found that it has been consolidating as a representative institution of the disposed rural areas, although there are politicalconflicts and realities socially and environmentally distinct.
In the agricultural modernization context a discourse was oriented to the international development efforts aimed at poor countries with hunger problems. Since then, the cyclical weakness has been used to justify the minimum hunger decrease with the promises that new technical solutions will solve them, but in the next cycle, tend to reinforce the same vulnerabilities. The thesis defended here is that this issue is not a temporary problem, according say governments and contemporary diplomacy, but rather a structural problem of the accumulation model, so society and environmental require new solutions, due to the fact the results no more justify to maintain the strategies that have been implemented for almost half a century without success. To reflect about limits and alternatives to agriculture, the environment and society we propose an analysis of the hegemonic discourses contradictions and practices from social classes.
Productive systems and public policy in rural settlements of São Paulo: similarities and differences between two regions
This paper presents results of research with federal settlements in two geographical regions of the state of SãoPaulo: the Central and Eastern region. We focus here characterize the main types of production systems and marketing, in which we high light the part destined to family self-consumption and flow through institutional markets. We show that both diversification of agricultural production and commercialization are strategic for the families settled. Other points high lighte dare thes tages of production and sources offunding. This picture of the production systems makes it clear that the settlements contribute to that families have better access to food, from access to land.The survey also showed that there settled families will constitute a consumer market fortheir production and even an internal market in the settlements,but with the recent purchase programs of the government guarantees of product floware largerand, therefore, intensifies there garding settlement sand cities.
Social institutions and overcoming the dilemma of colective action in rural settlement
The issue of development is recurrent in academic debates about land reform policies implemented in Brazil from democratization. The challenges of developing reformed areas have been addressed from the difficulties faced by family farmers in gaining access to credit, technical assistance, market and technological innovation. One issue, however, is seldom considered: the influence of social institutions of the settlements on the dynamics of the development of the renovated areas. The conversion of land lord is min the territory of family farming necessarily involves the creation of new institutional arrangements, with rules that define property rights, regulate decision-making processes, establishing mechanisms for conflict resolution and collective consensus report previously established. The effectiveness of these arrangements help to over come called social dilemmas and collective action, that is, the contradictions between individua land group interests. This paper analyzes how the institutional arrangements of the settlement José Antonio Eufrosino, located in Semiarid paraibano affected theim plementation of projects and activities related to socioeconomic development and environmental conflict resolution.
Environmental Knowledge: challenges for disciplinary knowledge - Cássio Eduardo Viana Hissa (org.)
A study on conflicts in rural settlements
This article aims to understand the conflicts within social practices and strategies developed during the formation and organization of rural settlements and their implications for settlers, leaderships and representatives, based on the analysis of the case of Assentamento Fazenda Jupira, municipality of Porto Feliz-SP, 1986 to 2006. The settlement is understood as a social space that can be expressed by relations of tension and conflict found in social practices and struggle strategies impregnated with symbologies and (re) meetings of cultures, space of representation and legitimation of the social subjects. Analyses show that the conflict within social practices and strategies provides the possibility of questioning secular values (clientelism, paternalism). It also provides for the peasants democratic contents that can structure collective identities. It was concluded that practices and strategies such as meetings, assemblies, rallies, associations, cooperatives and others reshape the symbolic, cultural, political and economic universe of settlers and make possible to question previous lived experiences.