Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
type: channel
description: The Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences publishes manuscripts that significantly contribute to knowledge in all areas of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Submissions: Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - BJPS www.scielo.br/bjps
publisher: Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
language: en
publication name: Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
issn: 1984-8250
copyright: All content of the journal, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type BY. The on-line journal has open and free access.
items: Training and Development of Clinical Skills by Pharmacists and Students in the Management of Gastrointestinal Problems
items: Association Between ABCB1 Gene Polymorphisms and Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: an Integrative Review
items: Optimization of extrusion spheronization process and gamma scintigraphy of coated rifaximin pellets
items: Comparative safety profile of Metamizole, Viminol, and Tapentadol: a prospective observational study on adverse reactions
items: Evaluation of Hair Fiber and Sensory Properties following the Application of Conditioners containing Jojoba and Coconut Oils
items: In vitro and in silico investigation of 3-acylhydrazone-4-quinolone derivatives as antiviral agents against human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)
items: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of new polycyclic fused pyrimido-pyridazines and pyridazino-purines
items: Caralluma dalzielii as a potential anti-venom agent against Naja nigricollis envenomation in Wistar rats
items: Biochemical and haematological changes in synthetic cannabinoids and marijuana users; a retrospective evaluation
items: Exploration of phytochemicals and antihyperlipidemic effect of crateva religiosa bark: in vivo mechanistic approach for management of hyperlipidaemia
items: Pɸ-mi-pa loaded PVA/HA electrospun nanofibers from a statistically designed experiment using machine learning algorithms
items: Creation of ceftazidime-avibactam utilization evaluation standards to examine physician prescribing compliance: a retrospective study
items: Effects of sea buckthorn granules on the lungs of rats with chronic bronchitis: a study based on the P38 MAPK/P65 NF-ΚB signaling pathway
items: Intravaginal administration of metformin HCL loaded nanoemulgel for treatment of PCOS: in-vitro and in-vivo study
items: Simultaneous determination of venetoclax and obinutuzumab by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies
items: Fully independent validation of the Matrix-INI, IMEPAG-group, MERIS instruments for predicting preventable drug-related incidents of hospitalized patients with infectious diseases
items: The qualifar-SUS program: an analysis of 10 years of the public policy
items: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling and assessment of antiulcer and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from Dioscorea praehensilis rhizomes
items: Herbal Medicine Around the World: How Brazil, India, the USA, and Europe Regulate It
items: Protective effects of bromelain in LPS-induced acute lung injury
items: Formulation and evaluation of niosomal gel containing apremilast: optimization, in-vitro release and skin permeation studies
items: An overview of Salmonella biofilms and their inhibition by plant bioactive compounds
items: Pharmacotherapy follow-up in hiv-positive patients: impact on mental health and quality of life
items: Triggers of drug-related bleeding events: a systematic review
items: Recent advances in paclitaxel polymer nanomedicine delivery for cancer therapy
items: Biological evaluation of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives as novel heterocyclic compounds against promastigote and amastigote-like forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica
items: Enhancement of irinotecan oral bioavailability through quality by design approach in nanobubble formulation development
items: Dry powder inhalation for sildenafil citrate: formulation and performance tests
items: Microemulsion-based dual delivery of malkangani and phalsa: formulation, optimization and in-vivo pharmacodynamics in rats
items: Revolutionizing HIV/aids treatment: advances in CRISPR/Cas9

Training and Development of Clinical Skills by Pharmacists and Students in the Management of Gastrointestinal Problems
type: item
description: Gastrointestinal problems are common and affect quality of life, leading patients to seek treatment. Safe pharmaceutical prescribing and health education are essential to ensure quality healthcare, but require evidence-based training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of clinical skills for the management of five gastrointestinal issues by pharmacists and students in a training course. This is a quasi-experimental study carried out with participants in a minor illness scheme training course. The course included classes with specialists, theoretical assessments and initial and final practical simulations. After applying the eligibility criteria, 17 participants were selected for the study. In the knowledge analysis, the topics that progressed the most were diarrhea and nausea and vomiting, in which the participants' confidence level increased significantly in the final evaluations. In addition, in the behavioral analysis there was a 70% progression, with better scores for diarrhea and aphthous stomatitis. The clinical guidelines-based course proved to be a viable strategy for promoting knowledge and confidence in the management of gastrointestinal problems. Researchers can comprehensively explore the domains involved in the formation of competencies and skills necessary for clinical practice.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Evidence-based pharmacy practice
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional training
  topic: keywords
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation training
  topic: keywords
creator: Nara Amanda Laismann
creator: Gustavo Pereira Calado
creator: Marcela Mofati Boechat
creator: Eduarda Souza da Silva
creator: Bárbara Manuella Cardoso Sodré Alves
creator: Maria Christina dos Santos Verdam
creator: Rafael Santos Santana
creator: Silvana Nair Leite Contezini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e25105
ending page: e25105
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e25105

Association Between ABCB1 Gene Polymorphisms and Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: an Integrative Review
type: item
description: ABCB1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). This integrative review evaluates the impact of key ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)— C3435T (rs1045642), G2677T/A (rs2032582), and C1236T (rs1128503)—on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response to antiseizure medications (ASMs), including carbamazepine (CBZ), lamotrigine (LTG), and topiramate (TPM). Evidence suggests that these polymorphisms significantly affect CBZ and LTG efficacy by altering drug pharmacokinetics and increasing systemic exposure. In contrast, no consistent association has been observed between these variants and TPM response. These findings support the integration of pharmacogenetic information into clinical decision-making to optimize ASM therapy and reduce the risk of drug resistance in epilepsy management.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Drug-resistant epilepsy
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic polymorphism
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacogenetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Maria Madalena Corrêa Melo
creator: João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues
creator: Luana Sueli Silva
creator: Lincoln Marques Cavalcante Santos
creator: Fabiana Rossi Varallo
creator: Natália Valadares de Moraes
creator: Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e25063
ending page: e25063
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e25063

Optimization of extrusion spheronization process and gamma scintigraphy of coated rifaximin pellets
type: item
description: This study aims to optimize the process of extrusion spheronization for the development of rifaximin pellets and target them to the colon. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is used to spheronizing aid in formulating pellets. MCC concentration, water content, spheronization speed, and time were optimized against roundness and % usable yield using Box-Behnken design. Coating levels of both the polymers were optimized using central composite design for drug release at 2, 4, 7, and 12 h at pH levels of 1.2, 6.8, 7.4, and 6.8 respectively. A gamma scintigraphy study helps in identifying transit pattern of coated pellets in GIT. Optimal conditions for rifaximin pellets with the desired pellet characteristics were identified as 34.19% MCC, 8.6% water, 1004 rpm, and 5.12 minutes. The observed values for drug release at 2, 4, 7, and 12 h at the aforesaid pH conditions were 0.17±0.00%, 3.08±0.13%, 39.01±1.17%, and 99.37±2.73%, respectively. This shows strong concordance between the observed and predicted values. The average durations for colon arrival, small intestine transit, and stomach emptying were 6.26±0.142 h, 5.72±0.408 h, and 0.70±0.265 h, respectively. This shows that the higher number of pellets reaches the colon in the desired time period. The study concluded with the development of optimized pellets and gamma scintigraphy confirms that the coating improves colonic rifaximin delivery.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Pellets
  topic: keywords
subject: Colon targeting
  topic: keywords
subject: Rifaximin
  topic: keywords
subject: Extrusion-spheronization
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Gamma scintigraphy
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashwani Kumar Chaturvedi
creator: Udai Veer Singh Sara
creator: Gupta Ramdayal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e25034
ending page: e25034
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e25034

Comparative safety profile of Metamizole, Viminol, and Tapentadol: a prospective observational study on adverse reactions
type: item
description: The most potent analgesics cause serious Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), so medications such as metamizole, viminol, and tapentadol may be alternatives. However, the safety of these analgesics still needs to be better understood. This study aims to assess prospective ADRs associated with these analgesics in a pain clinic. We followed up with the patients who had used these medicines for 45 days, classified the ADRs according to severity (mild, moderate or severe), mechanism (type A or type B), and incidence (very common, common, uncommon, and rare), and determined the causality. Among 240 patients, three ADRs to metamizole, seven to viminol, and 11 to tapentadol alone were documented. Additionally, 22 suspected ADRs were attributed to potential drug interactions among these analgesics and other medications. The ADRs were categorized as mild to moderate, type A, and common or uncommon. Causality was categorized as certain or possible. The ADRs induced by viminol were associated with age, with each year of age leading to a 6% increase in risk of ADRs, according to a logistic regression model applied specifically to this drug. No other association was found between tapentadol or viminol and comorbidities. It was not possible to analyze the metamizole data due to its low incidence. Overall, metamizole was the safest, reinforcing its safety profile and its valuable indication in the treatment of pain.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Analgesics
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacovigilance
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Safety Monitoring or Risk Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Danielle Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira Marrafon
creator: Pedro Luiz Rosalen
creator: João Pedro Pereira de Morais
creator: Vitória Gabriele Souza Geraldine
creator: João Victor Silva Ferreira
creator: Carlos Marcelo de Barros
creator: Ricardo Radighieri Rascado
creator: Larissa Helena Lobo Torres
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e24933
ending page: e24933
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24933

Evaluation of Hair Fiber and Sensory Properties following the Application of Conditioners containing Jojoba and Coconut Oils
type: item
description: The use of natural ingredients, such as vegetable oils, in hair care products has gained significant attention due to their conditioning and protective properties. This study evaluates the impact of chemical treatments on hair fiber integrity and assesses the effectiveness of conditioners containing jojoba and coconut oils. The investigation employed advanced analytical techniques, including the Dia-stron® MTT175, SAMBA® Hair System, Attension® tensiometer, and Olympus transmitted light microscopy. Sensory analysis was conducted using descriptive and discriminative ranking methods. Results indicated that bleaching followed by dyeing increased combing resistance and friction while reducing shine and hydrophobicity. Conditioners mitigated these effects, except for the jojoba oil formulation, which did not significantly reduce combing resistance. Shine remained unaffected by all conditioners, though formulations with vegetable oils enhanced the water contact angle of hair fibers, indicating improved hydrophobicity. Optical microscopy confirmed that conditioners smoothed the hair cuticles. Sensory evaluation revealed that participants preferred conditioners containing vegetable oils over the base formulation. These findings suggest that incorporating vegetable oils into hair conditioners can enhance hair fiber properties and consumer preference.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Alexandre dos Santos Silva
creator: Carolina Rufino da Silva
creator: Claudineia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira Pinto
creator: Michelli Ferreira Dario
creator: Newton Andreo-Filho
creator: Patricia dos Santos Lopes
creator: Maria Valéria Robles Velasco
creator: Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e24875
ending page: e24875
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24875

In vitro and in silico investigation of 3-acylhydrazone-4-quinolone derivatives as antiviral agents against human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)
type: item
description: Increasing numbers of HIV infections have been reported over the last years. Despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy, the emergence of drug-resistant strains and side effects of marketed drugs makes the search for new drugs needed. Herein, we investigated the antiviral potential of 3-acylhydrazone 4-quinolones (compounds 2-4) against HIV-1 replication in MT-2 cells, their mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetic and toxicological (ADMET) properties using in vitro and in silico methods. All compounds showed lower cytotoxicity (CC50 > 700 µM) than the drug zidovudine (CC50 = 128 µM). Compound 2 showed the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 3.37 µM), followed by compounds 3 (EC50 = 3.79 µM) and 4 (EC50 = 4.03 µM). Mechanistic studies indicated that these compounds act at post-entry steps of virus replication, such as reverse transcription. Enzymatic assays confirmed that compounds 2 and 4 (IC50 = 29.52 µM and 22.77 µM) inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Molecular docking with HIV-1 RT showed that compounds 2 and 4, but not 3, share a similar binding mode with the non-nucleoside RT inhibitor delavirdine, explaining their different activity. Further, ADMET studies reinforced their potential as drug candidates which, in turn, support the design of new derivatives as anti-HIV-1 drug candidates.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Quinolones
  topic: keywords
subject: Acylhydrazone
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV-1
  topic: keywords
subject: Reverse transcriptase
  topic: keywords
subject: Antivirals
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular docking
  topic: keywords
creator: Leonardo dos Santos Corrêa Amorim
creator: Paulo Roberto Soares Stephens
creator: Vitor Won-Held Rabelo
creator: Maria Leonisa Sanchez Nuñez
creator: Helena de Souza Pereira
creator: Fernanda da Costa Santos Boechat
creator: Anna Claudia Cunha
creator: Yuri Inácio Marques Silva
creator: Pamela Spamer Moulin Rocha
creator: Ricardo J. Cassella
creator: Jurandy Suzana Patrícia Ocampo
creator: Maria Cecilia Bastos Vieira de Souza
creator: Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e24801
ending page: e24801
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24801

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of new polycyclic fused pyrimido-pyridazines and pyridazino-purines
type: item
description: A series of fused pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazin-2(1H)-one, pyrimido[3’,4’:3,2]pyrimido[5,4-d]pyridazin 10-one, pyridazino[4’,5’:5,6]pyrimido[2,1-i]purine and pyridazino[4’,5’:4,5]pyrimido[2,3-b]purin 4(5H)-one were designed and prepared by condensation of hydrazine with pyrimidinone dicarboxylic acid esters in methanol as a solvent. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the target compounds and their precursors was demonstrated by applying free radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+•) methods. The synthesized compounds 6b and 7b showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH with IC50 of 6.55 and 7.93 μg/mL, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 5.42 μg/ mL). In addition, compounds 5a and 6b showed a greater ABTS radical scavenging effect than BHT (IC50 =75.39 μg/mL). The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated and compared with Gentamicin. Four bacterial strains were considered: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC-14028 (Gram-positive: G+), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Escherichia coli ATCC-8737 (Gram-negative: G-). Compound 4a showed good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium with inhibition zones of 23, 22 and 21 mm, respectively, compared to gentamicin (23, 25 and 22 mm). These results encourage exploration of new biological evaluations and applications of these compounds.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Ichrak Bouguessa
creator: Mohamed Dehamchia
creator: Nawal Khier
creator: Samir Bayou
creator: Abdelhafeez M. A. Mohammed
creator: Abdelkrim Gouasmia
creator: Zine Regaïnia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e24786
ending page: e24786
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24786

Caralluma dalzielii as a potential anti-venom agent against Naja nigricollis envenomation in Wistar rats
type: item
description: The World Health Organization has listed Snakebite Envenomation as a significantly ignored tropical disease with a worldwide annual snakebite affecting millions of people, especially in Africa. This study evaluated the in vivo and in vitro neutralising effects of the aqueous extract from the aerial parts of Caralluma dalzielii against snake venom. In the in vivo study, 35 Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, receiving snake venom and treatments with plant extract or standard anti-venom. Mortality rates, haematological, and biochemical parameters were recorded. Whereas, in the in vitro study, different concentrations of plant extract were tested for enzyme inhibition against Naja nigricollis venom. The results showed that the plant extract prevented mortality in all treated groups, comparable to standard anti-venom, and exhibited immunostimulatory effects, increasing WBC levels. It also prevented biochemical disturbances caused by venom, with the highest dose (500 mg/kg) maintaining normal liver enzyme levels. The extract at 100 mg/ml achieved 64.29% enzyme inhibition of PLA2, while the standard anti-venom reached 82.63%, showing concentration-dependent inhibition. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of C. dalzielii exhibits significant anti-venom activity both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic option for treating snake bites.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Caralluma dalzielii
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-Venom
  topic: keywords
subject: Naja nigricollis
  topic: keywords
subject: PLA2 enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: Snakebite
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinenye Jane Ugwah-Oguejiofor
creator: Adegboyega Ogunlade
creator: Nuhu Danladi Baba
creator: Amina Yusuf Jega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e24733
ending page: e24733
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24733

Biochemical and haematological changes in synthetic cannabinoids and marijuana users; a retrospective evaluation
type: item
description: Toxic and hazardeus substances have negative effects on both the environment and human health. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between use of synthetic cannabinoids and complete blood count parameters, neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/eosinophil ratio (PER) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). 104 patients aged 18-65 years were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 3 groups; in control group (Group 1) no metabolites detected in urine samples, Group 2 positive for bonsai and Group3 positive for marijuana metabolites. Neutrophils, NLR and PER were higher, while %lymphocyte and %eosinophil were lower in Group 2 than Group 1 (p<0.05). The %eosinophil were lower, in contrast PER was higher in Group 2 compared to Group 3 (p<0.05). The findings of our study showed that bonsai consuming decreased lymphocyte percentage, eosinophil percentage while increasing neutrophil percentage, NLR and PER. We also found that marijuana consumption increased neutrophil percentage and NLR, and reduced lymphocyte percentage values. We believe that further research is needed to fully elucidate the effects of cannabinoid use on blood parameters.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Synthetic cannabinoids
  topic: keywords
subject: Marijuana
  topic: keywords
subject: Hematological parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: Biochemical parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Platelet eosinophil ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Erdem Çokluk
creator: Fatıma Betül Nogay
creator: Mehmet Ramazan Şekeroğlu
creator: Mehmet Emin Büyükokuroğlu
creator: Pelin Tanyeri
creator: Selin Tunalı Çokluk
creator: Abdülkadir Aydın
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
starting page: e20713
ending page: e20713
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e20713

Exploration of phytochemicals and antihyperlipidemic effect of crateva religiosa bark: in vivo mechanistic approach for management of hyperlipidaemia
type: item
description: The work investigated the presence of phytochemicals and antihyperlipidemic potential of the ethanolic extract of Crateva religiosa (CRETE). The extraction yield was found to be highest with ethanol (15.81% w/w), followed by ethyl acetate (11.98% w/w) and very poor in hexane (3.05% w/w), using as solvents of variable polarity. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that CRETE consists of higher total phenolic content (81.19 µg/mg equivalent to gallic acid) and flavonoid contents (49.0 µg/mg quercetin equivalents) compared to the ethyl acetate extract. GC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of stigmasterol, gamma-sitosterol and lupeol as phytochemicals. In vivo studies demonstrated that 400 mg/kg of CRETE reduced the levels of triglycerides (155.9 ± 1.51 mg/dl), total cholesterol (234.27 ± 1.91 mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (66.27 ± 2.07 mg/dl), while increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (133.48 ± 3.72 mg/dl). Atherogenic indices were also improved significantly. CRETE restored hepatic architecture and reduced adipocyte size. CRETE also exhibited strong antioxidant effects by lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhancing glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Mechanistically, in comparison to control groups, CRETE inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity (p < 0.0001) and up-regulated PPARγ (p < 0.01) and CCAAT/EBPα (p
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Cholesterol diet
  topic: keywords
subject: HMG-CoA reductase
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypercholesterolemia
  topic: keywords
subject: PPARγ
  topic: keywords
subject: CCAAT/EBPα
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Singh
creator: Monika Sachdeva
creator: Nitin Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-11
publication date: 2026-08-11
starting page: e24772
ending page: e24772
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24772

Pɸ-mi-pa loaded PVA/HA electrospun nanofibers from a statistically designed experiment using machine learning algorithms
type: item
description: Bacteriophages, which infect bacterial cells, have a unique ability to reduce bacterial colonization, particularly in antibiotic-resistant biofilm infections. This study aims to fabricate optimized bacteriophage-loaded nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) using machine learning techniques. A comparative analysis was conducted to determine the most efficient machine learning algorithm for this purpose. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to optimize three sets of bacteriophage-loaded nanofibers—GA1, GA2, and GA3—at varying sonication times. The nanofibers were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mucoadhesion analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile strength analysis, and a bacteriophage release assay. SEM analysis revealed that GA3 exhibited homogeneous, well-aligned, defect-free polymer fibers with smooth surfaces, whereas GA1 and GA2 contained bead-like structures. Thermal degradation occurred between 300 °C and 368 °C, with GA1 displaying the highest tensile strength. Predicted values for mucin adsorption and bacteriophage release closely aligned with experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the XGBoost model. Finally, the release of MDR-specific phage Pɸ-Mi-Pa from the optimized nanofibers was highest at pH 5, which is similar to vaginal pH. These findings highlight the potential of these nanofibers for phage therapy, particularly in improving the prognosis of antibiotic-resistant biofilm infections.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Artificial neural network
  topic: keywords
subject: Bacteriophages
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrospun
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyaluronic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanofibers
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyvinyl alcohol
  topic: keywords
creator: Margaret Okonawan Ilomuanya
creator: Solomon Chiekezi Nwaneri
creator: Ibilola Mary Cardoso-Daodu
creator: Mercy Aboh
creator: Uloma Ubani-Ukoma
creator: Gbemisola Durodola
creator: Oluwakemi Ebire
creator: Dimitrios Tsamos
creator: Tsamis Alkiviadis
creator: Alexandros Tsouknidas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-11
publication date: 2026-08-11
starting page: e24732
ending page: e24732
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24732

Creation of ceftazidime-avibactam utilization evaluation standards to examine physician prescribing compliance: a retrospective study
type: item
description: A study was conducted to create drug utilization evaluation (DUE) standards for ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and evaluate CZA use at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China, from May 26, 2020, to December 18, 2024. First, we organized an expert panel and created DUE standards for CZA. Then, we performed an observational study and evaluated the physician CZA prescribing behaviors, which were compared to the DUE standards and calculated the compliance rates. The DUE CZA standards had medication indications, management metrics, administration process, and treatment outcomes. Sixty-four patients received the CZA during the study period. There was satisfactory compliance between CZA prescription and DUE standards regarding route, solvent, incompatibility, and contraindications. However, the compliance rates for CZA indication, dosage regimen, infusion time, combination therapy, drug interaction, and duration of treatment were 68.8% (44/64), 65.6% (42/64), 29.7% (19/64), 73.3% (44/60), 43.8% (28/64), and 62.5% (40/64), respectively. The pre-CZA bacteria culture test was 96.9% (62/64). In addition, medical records and prescription authorization were 95.3% (61/64) and 71.9% (46/64) compliant, respectively. No adverse reactions were reported. In conclusion, the CZA DUE standards could be applied to identify inappropriate prescriptions for improvements.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Ceftazidime-avibactam
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Utilization Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Standards
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Compliance
  topic: keywords
creator: Naiju Zhang
creator: Zhenjie Wang
creator: Zhijun Li
creator: Yongzhong Xie
creator: Jinchun Liu
creator: Chuanmiao Liu
creator: Huaxue Wang
creator: Jingwen Yan
creator: Junwei Fu
creator: Ran Sang
creator: Tianping Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-11
publication date: 2026-08-11
starting page: e24731
ending page: e24731
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24731

Effects of sea buckthorn granules on the lungs of rats with chronic bronchitis: a study based on the P38 MAPK/P65 NF-ΚB signaling pathway
type: item
description: This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of Sea Buckthorn Granules (SBG) in treating chronic bronchitis (CB) in rats. The primary chemical components of SBG were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. A rat model of CB was established through smoke inhalation combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, followed by oral administration of SBG. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in rats were measured using ELISA. Pathological changes in lung tissues were observed through HE and toluidine blue staining. Furthermore, the main components and pathways involved in the therapeutic effects of SBG on CB were predicted using network pharmacology. In addition, p38 and NF-κBp65 protein expression as well as their phosphorylation levels in rat lung tissues were measured by western blot. Compared to the model group, treatment with SBG significantly alleviated cough symptoms, and Mitigating body weight loss in CB rats (P
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Sea Buckthorn Granules
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic bronchitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Network pharmacology
  topic: keywords
subject: MAPK pathway
  topic: keywords
creator: Jinkai Li
creator: Jiawei Duan
creator: Peijie Zhou
creator: Xuan Wang
creator: Ning Xia
creator: Jie Wang
creator: Xiao Wang
creator: Jing Sun
creator: Dongyan Guo
creator: Junbo Zou
creator: Shasha Liu
creator: Zhaoqiang Wang
creator: Xiaofei Zhang
creator: Changli Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-11
publication date: 2026-08-11
starting page: e24728
ending page: e24728
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24728

Intravaginal administration of metformin HCL loaded nanoemulgel for treatment of PCOS: in-vitro and in-vivo study
type: item
description: Metformin HCL (MET-HCL), is a Biguanide derivative, most effective agent in treatment of PCOS. The focus of the present study was on developing and optimizing a nanoemulsion formulation. of MET-HCL and convert into intravaginal MET-HCL Nanoemulsion Gel (MET-HCLNE GEL) To enhance the therapeutic efficacy in managing PCOS. The nanoemulsion was formulated using water titration method and evaluated for droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), drug content, viscosity, and morphology. Then incorporated into gel and evaluated for pH, drug content, viscosity, in-vitro release & in-vivo study. The formulation MET-HCLNE 1 showed the desired droplet size (45.60 ± 1.7 nm), PDI (0.198 ± 0.2), zeta potential (22.4 ± 0.3), drug content (89.19 ± 0.2 %) and viscosity (42.85 ± 2.1 cp). In in-vitro release, MET-HCLNEGEL showed significant prolonged release over MET-HCL solution. Intravaginal MET-HCLNE GEL showed significant efficiency against PCOS compared to oral administration in female Wistar rats. No significant changes were found in the values of viscosity, drug content and pH over the period of 120 days. Thus, MET-HCLNE GEL was found to have good potential to function as an Intravaginal formulation & having great PCOS activity and good storage stability.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Metformin hydrochloride
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanoemulsion gel
  topic: keywords
subject: In-vitro release
  topic: keywords
subject: In-vivo study
  topic: keywords
subject: Intravaginal delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  topic: keywords
creator: Mukesh Ratnaparkhi
creator: Bhagyashri Binawade
creator: Shailendra Salvankar
creator: Manoj Aswar
creator: Prachi Jadhav
creator: Pratik Parhad
creator: Supriya Bhangare
creator: Sampada Dalvi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: e24725
ending page: e24725
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24725

Simultaneous determination of venetoclax and obinutuzumab by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies
type: item
description: A novel LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of venetoclax and obinutuzumab in rat plasma and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic investigations in male wistar rats. Chromatography was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) column utilizing multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to evaluate venetoclax, obinutuzumab, and the internal standard gossypol, following which they were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction. The assay demonstrated high sensitivity, excellent reproducibility, and full compliance with FDA bioanalytical validation criteria, with venetoclax exhibiting a linear range of 25–200 ng/mL and obinutuzumab 6.25–50 ng/mL, respectively. The high-abundant mass transitions were seen starting from 869.4425 and 603.8597 m/z for venetoclax and 146.5948 and 67.6239 m/z for obinutuzumab and Gossypol (IS) 519.5638 and 206.7486 m/z, respectively. Upon application, the study successfully characterized the pharmacokinetic profiles of venetoclax and obinutuzumab in Wistar rats, revealing differences in absorption and systemic exposure between the two compounds. Venetoclax demonstrated a higher Cmax and AUC with a delayed Tmax compared to obinutuzumab, although both shared a similar elimination half-life of 20 hours. The results indicate consistent and stable pharmacokinetic behaviour under the tested conditions, supporting future therapeutic drug monitoring and preclinical drug development.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Venetoclax
  topic: keywords
subject: Obinutuzumab
  topic: keywords
subject: Gossypol
  topic: keywords
subject: Rat plasma
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacokinetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Modachakanahally K Pavithra
creator: Hemavathi Nagaraju Deepakumari
creator: Ere Vijaya Sekhar
creator: Hosakere Doddarevanna Revanasiddappa
creator: Razia Sulthana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: e24723
ending page: e24723
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24723

Fully independent validation of the Matrix-INI, IMEPAG-group, MERIS instruments for predicting preventable drug-related incidents of hospitalized patients with infectious diseases
type: item
description: Validate and compare three prescription-related incident prediction instruments (Matrix-INI, IMEPAG-group, MERIS) in hospitalized patients with infectious disease. Observational follow-up (cohort) study enrolling adults from June 2019 to March 2020, with no prior care from the clinical pharmacist. Matrix-INI, MERIS, and IMEPAG-group instruments assessing preventable drug-related incidents (PDRI) were applied at ward admission and once a week. The outcome of interest was clinically relevant PDRI. For every participant at every time of analysis, the instruments scores were retrieved, and validation was estimated through calibration (slope, intercept), discrimination indexes, and reclassification indexes. 219 patients were screened, and 212 were included. PDRI affected 78.77% of participants. “Anticoagulants” was the strongest predictor. Discrimination of all instruments was always low. (area under ROC curve < 0.70); and weekly performance was insufficient. No reclassification improvement was observed. Matrix-INI, IMEPAG-group assigned lower risks despite PDRI. Discrimination increases slightly every week, with a corresponding calibration loss. Models lacked sufficient predictive performance, pointing to a need for a specific PDRI prediction tool for this population. Empirically developed instruments, such as Matrix-INI, often exhibit poor performance. Regular risk assessments during hospitalization are crucial for dynamic prioritization in clinical pharmacy, as PDRI risk may change over time.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Clinical pharmacy service
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical decision rules
  topic: keywords
subject: Prognosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Medication errors
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious disease medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Renato Barbosa Rezende
creator: Eduardo Corsino Freire
creator: Paula Gabriela dos Santos Barreto
creator: André Luiz dos Santos
creator: Fernando de Oliveira Silva
creator: Vanessa Rodrigues Bezerra
creator: Juliana Arruda de Matos
creator: Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do Brasil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: e24722
ending page: e24722
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24722

The qualifar-SUS program: an analysis of 10 years of the public policy
type: item
description: The National Program for the Qualification of the Pharmaceutical Services in the Unified Health System (Qualifar-SUS), established in 2012, aims to contribute to the process of implementation, improvement and systemic integration of Pharmaceutical Services (PS) activities in the municipalities, aiming to continuous, comprehensive care, qualifying management processes for adequate and safe access and use of medicines. This analysis sought to historically contextualize its formulation and expansion design throughout its ten years of execution in Brazilian municipalities. To this end, a documentary analysis was carried out with an essay discussion, organized in the items listed for the formulation of Public Policies. Documents published in the period from 2008 to 2021 by the federal government, organized entities of managers, thematic magazines on management, and reports from auditory sessions of the federal court of accounts were read. With the analysis of these documents, it was possible to visit details of the creation, implementation and execution of government actions in addition to the texts of ordinances, resolutions and published regulations. This analyses made it possible to make notes about the program, its actors and arenas so that they can serve as a tool to strengthen access to medicines in Brazil.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Pharmaceutical services
  topic: keywords
subject: Unified health system
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of health care
  topic: keywords
subject: Health policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualifar-SUS
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafaela de Jesus Souza
creator: Ilvia Silva Gomes
creator: Marina Raijche Mattozo Rover
creator: Samara Jamile Mendes
creator: Silvana Nair Leite
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: e24710
ending page: e24710
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24710

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling and assessment of antiulcer and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from Dioscorea praehensilis rhizomes
type: item
description: Peptic ulcer is a common disease in gastroenterology clinics. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antiulcer, and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Dioscorea praehensilis rhizomes. The rhizomes were extracted by macerating in 80% methanol and subjected to chemical profiling using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The assessment of anti-ulcer activity was done using ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats while the antioxidant studies were conducted using quantitative analysis of phenolic (total phenols and total flavonoid) compounds, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. D. praehensilis extracts at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg ‘per os’ (PO) exhibited a significant (p<0.01) dose-dependent decrease in gastric lesions with the percentage inhibition of 65.16, 68.20, and 79.64% respectively in the ethanol model and 81.89, 90.44, and 95.35% in the indomethacin model compared with the control group. D. praehensilis extract contained high phenolic and flavonoid content. The extract also showed considerable antioxidant activity in the DPPH, TAC and FRAP assays. Furthermore, D. praehensilis contains bioactive constituents such as Pentadecanoic acid, 9-Eicosene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 4-tert butylphenol and Pentacosane. In conclusion, D. praehensilis possesses antiulcer and antioxidant activity, supporting its traditional use in treating ulcers and dyspepsia.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Antiulcer
  topic: keywords
subject: Gastric ulcer
  topic: keywords
subject: Dioscorea praehensilis
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: GC-MS
  topic: keywords
creator: Iyabo Mobolawa Adebisi
creator: Abdullahi Suleiman
creator: Chinenye Jane Ugwah-Oguejiofor
creator: Sunday Joseph Fajobi
creator: Amina Yusuf Jega
creator: Mohammed Umar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: e24704
ending page: e24704
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24704

Herbal Medicine Around the World: How Brazil, India, the USA, and Europe Regulate It
type: item
description: Herbal medicines (HM), derived from whole plants or their parts, play a crucial role in primary health care, with approximately Eighty percent of the global population relying on them. The World Health Organization (WHO) is tasked with establishing guidelines for their use, safety, and quality. Despite these standards, risks associated with self-dosing and variability in regulatory frameworks persist. Regulatory approaches differ worldwide, including Brazilian legislation through ANVISA, Indian regulations under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Each framework enforces high standards for quality, safety, and efficacy, involving rigorous testing on human subjects. While significant strides have been made in standardization and therapeutic consistency, challenges remain. Integrating international standards aims to address these issues, focusing on reducing the risks associated with unsafe and ineffective herbal medicines for consumers. Our review tries to reflect on the various herbal regulations across Brazil, India, European Union, and USA and bring out a comparative opinion on various aspects as well as the need for harmonization of these regulations.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Standardization
  topic: keywords
subject: Global
  topic: keywords
subject: Legislation
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: International
  topic: keywords
creator: K. Venkateswara Raju
creator: Jyothika Chittala
creator: Lakshmi Prasanthi Nori
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2027-07-30
publication date: 2027-07-30
starting page: e24688
ending page: e24688
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24688

Protective effects of bromelain in LPS-induced acute lung injury
type: item
description: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease that can cause extensive lung damage and lead to death. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and associated inflammation and oxidative damage irreversibly damage the lung tissue, leading to death. This study aimed to utilize the powerful antioxidant properties of bromelain (BRO) in ALI to determine its beneficial effects. We used an LPS-induced ALI model in rats, and 40 male specimens were divided into five groups: Healthy, Healthy+100BRO, ALI, ALI + 50BRO, and ALI + 100BRO. At the end of the study, histopathological and biochemical analyses of the lung tissue samples were performed. The results showed that tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde levels increased in the ALI group and that these levels decreased dose-dependently with BRO treatment. We also demonstrated that superoxide dismutase levels, which decreased in the ALI group, increased dose-dependently in the BRO treatment groups. Histopathologically, significant improvement was detected in the BRO treatment groups. As a result of this research, it is suggested that BRO should be considered as supportive therapy in ALI. However, more detailed experimental and clinical studies on this subject are needed.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Acute lung injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Bromelain
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rat
  topic: keywords
creator: Zafer Bayraktutan
creator: Cihad Ozcelik
creator: Hamza Halici
creator: Aysegul Tavaci Ozcelik
creator: Sevilay Ozmen
creator: Taha Tavaci
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: e24685
ending page: e24685
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24685

Formulation and evaluation of niosomal gel containing apremilast: optimization, in-vitro release and skin permeation studies
type: item
description: The objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate Apremilast niosomes integrated into a topical gel for improved skin permeation. Niosomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique using cholesterol and Poloxamer 188. Niosomes optimization was employed using Box-Behnken Design wherein three variables cholesterol concentration, Poloxamer 188 concentration and stirring speeds were studied on responses entrapment efficiency, particle size, drug release, and release kinetics. The optimized niosomes were further evaluated for zeta potential and surface characterization by transmission electron microscopy. The selected niosomes were loaded into Carbopol based gel and evaluated for appearance, pH, rheology, in vitro drug release and ex vivo skin permeation studies on excised rat dorsal skin. The niosomal formulations by BBD design exhibited entrapment efficiencies ranging from 53.43% to 76.36% and particle sizes from 204 nm to 282 nm. Sustained drug release profiles were observed, with drug release percentages between 60.01% and 99.11% after 10h. Based on the opted design space and experimentation, optimization of niosomes by thin film hydration using BBD was achieved. The optimized niosomes were assessed for particle size (274.7 nm), zeta potential (37.6 mV), entrapment efficiency (68.29%), drug release (88.36% after 10h), transmission electron microscopy (uniform distribution with spherical shape) and drug release kinetics showing Korsmeyer-Peppas (non-fickian) model as best fit for drug release. The niosomal gel was formulated with acceptable characteristics for appearance (uniform gel, without phase separation), pH (6.91), viscosity (1498.7 Pa.s) and drug content (96.5%). Similarly, conventional Apremilast gel was also prepared for drug release and skin permeation comparison. The in vitro release experiments indicated consistent and sustained drug release for 6h with 83.5% drug release compared to conventional gel which showed 3h with 97.1% of drug…
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Apremilast
  topic: keywords
subject: Niosomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Box-Behnken Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Topical drug delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Skin permeation
  topic: keywords
creator: Megha Shyam Matlapudi
creator: Anka Rao Areti
creator: Hemanth Kumar S
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: e24681
ending page: e24681
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24681

An overview of Salmonella biofilms and their inhibition by plant bioactive compounds
type: item
description: Microbial biofilms are ubiquitous and highly successful forms of life. Among them, species found in food industries often include human pathogens like Salmonella spp., a significant concern due to its ability to adapt and survive in diverse environmental stresses. This bacterium is a major global public health issue, causing foodborne illnesses with considerable morbidity and economic costs. Combatting bacteria within biofilms necessitates novel strategies, and recent research highlights natural compounds as promising agents due to their antibiofilm, antivirulence, and antimicrobial properties. Specifically, plant-derived compounds have shown potential to modulate biofilm formation either alone or in combination with other substances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Salmonella biofilms, encompassing their development, composition, resistance mechanisms, and tolerance mechanisms. It focuses particularly on the inhibition of these biofilms by plant-derived compounds.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobials
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioactive molecules
  topic: keywords
subject: Essential oils
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant extracts
  topic: keywords
subject: Quorum sensing
  topic: keywords
creator: Beatriz Ximena Valencia Quecán
creator: Uelinton Manoel Pinto
creator: Emília Maria França Lima
creator: Felipe Alves de Almeida
creator: Vanessa Bueris
creator: Ali Tahrioui
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: e24652
ending page: e24652
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24652

Pharmacotherapy follow-up in hiv-positive patients: impact on mental health and quality of life
type: item
description: Research on anxiety and its treatment among HIV-infected individuals is limited, despite its high prevalence. HIV-positive patients often consume many anxiolytic/hypnotic medications. Pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and multidisciplinary pharmaceutical intervention can improve treatment adequacy, health education, detection of inappropriate prescriptions, drug interactions, patient satisfaction, reduce morbidity and mortality and general health care costs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacotherapeutic monitoring on the rational use of anxiolytics/hypnotics in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. Three pharmaceutical consultations were carried out according to the Dáder method, using the STAI (State/Trait Anxiety Inventory) to assess anxiety levels, and pharmaceutical interventions were carried out. In the first pharmaceutical consultation, all patients presented severe anxiety. In the third consultation, the average was statistically lower in the two anxiety conditions evaluated. In the group of patients where health problems were resolved or partially resolved there was a lower level of anxiety, suggesting that the resolution of health problems through pharmaceutical interventions promoted a reduction in anxiety. It was concluded that pharmaceutical assistance provided through health education integrated with pharmacotherapeutic monitoring using the Dáder Method has a positive impact on the rational use of anxiolytics/hypnotics in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: HIV
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Practice Patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacists
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Renata Aline de Andrade
creator: Elza Aparecida Machado Domingues
creator: Renata Cunha Carvalho
creator: Josiane Moreira da Costa
creator: Leandro Pinheiro Cintra
creator: Camila Emanuele Moreira Fernandes
creator: Leonardo França Alves Silva
creator: Mónica Ferrit-Martín
creator: Fernando Martinez Martinez
creator: Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-30
publication date: 2026-07-30
starting page: e24628
ending page: e24628
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24628

Triggers of drug-related bleeding events: a systematic review
type: item
description: Adverse drug events (ADEs), such as drug-related bleeding (DRB), represent a serious public health issue and highlight the role of triggers in pharmacovigilance. This study aimed to identify the triggers used to detect inpatient DRB. A systematic review was conducted and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023440337). The search included the databases PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, covering published studies on ADEs in hospitalized adults focused on DRB triggers, with no language restrictions, up to September 2024. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool, and trigger performance was evaluated by Positive Predictive Value (PPV). Twenty-three studies were included, identifying 28 triggers for DRB with PPV ranging from 0% to 100%. Prolonged INR and PTT were the most high-performing laboratory triggers, while textual triggers have demonstrated their potential, despite requiring adjustments to avoid false positives. A multimodal approach of laboratory and textual triggers combined emerges as beneficial to ADEs surveillance. Standardized and rigorous methodologies are recommended to strengthen evidence and guide clinical interventions.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Health care
  topic: keywords
subject: Hemorrhage
  topic: keywords
subject: International normalized ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacovigilance
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariana Balhego Rocha
creator: Kathleen Asturian
creator: Lidia Ensfeld
creator: Ana Helena Dias Pereira dos Santos Ulbrich
creator: Diogo Pilger
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: e24622
ending page: e24622
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24622

Recent advances in paclitaxel polymer nanomedicine delivery for cancer therapy
type: item
description: Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used anti-tumor drug in cancer therapy. However, its poor water solubility restricts its application in therapeutic procedures. Furthermore, the Cremophor® in the formulation can cause various side effects, leading to non-specific drug distribution in tumors and normal tissues. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored numerous drug delivery systems to enhance the solubility of PTX and achieve targeted delivery. One such strategy involves using polymer nanoparticles, tiny particles composed of polymers that encapsulate and stabilize PTX, thereby improving its solubility and bioavailability. In addition, these polymer nanoparticles can enhance the therapeutic effect of PTX through passive targeting and active targeting mechanisms. This review first highlights the challenges of paclitaxel in current applications, focusing on current synthetic advances in PTX and drug resistance; subsequently, various approaches to deliver PTX using polymer Nanoparticles are discussed. Finally, current challenges and prospects are reviewed. Our goal was to demonstrate how these different nanocarriers can improve the therapeutic efficiency of PTX as a chemotherapeutic agent.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Paclitaxel
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymer
  topic: keywords
creator: Yafang Zhang
creator: Hongliang Liu
creator: Weina Zhen
creator: Tingting Jiang
creator: Jingxuan Cui
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: e24609
ending page: e24609
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24609

Biological evaluation of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives as novel heterocyclic compounds against promastigote and amastigote-like forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica
type: item
description: Leishmaniasis is an underfunded neglected disease that affects 12 million people mainly living in developing countries. Herein, based on the data we obtained in our previous study, we designed and synthesized novel thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives and evaluated their in vitro antileishmanial bio-activity. The compounds were synthesized, and their structures were elucidated. Then, their anti leishmanial activities were tested using both promastigote and amastigote-like forms of L. tropica and L. infantum parasites. Additionally, we evaluated the in silico physicochemical properties and the structure-activity relationships of the compounds. Compound 4-chloro-N-[5-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1 yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]benzamide (A1), with IC50 values of 43.58 µM and 41.45 µM against L. tropica and L. infantum promastigotes, respectively, and 70.02 µM and 77.13 µM against L. tropica and L. infantum axenic amastigote-like forms, was found to be the most active compound in both assays. Compound A1 also exhibited the lowest iLogP value among the compounds, suggesting high passive gastrointestinal absorption. Based on both in vitro assays and in silico properties, compound A1 demonstrates significant anti-parasitic activity and serves as a promising lead for the development of new antileishmanial agents.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Leishmaniasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Promastigote
  topic: keywords
subject: Axenic amastigote-like
  topic: keywords
subject: L. tropica
  topic: keywords
subject: L. infantum
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulsah Bayraktar
creator: Merve Saylam
creator: Gulsah Karakaya
creator: Nami Ege Perk
creator: Ibrahim Cavus
creator: Euzébio Guimarães Barbosa
creator: Kor Yereli
creator: Ahmet Ozbilgin
creator: Vildan Alptuzun
creator: Huseyin Istanbullu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: e24608
ending page: e24608
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24608

Enhancement of irinotecan oral bioavailability through quality by design approach in nanobubble formulation development
type: item
description: Irinotecan (IRO), a potential drug approved by the USFDA used in colorectal cancer, hinders its therapeutic applications due to low solubility and very poor bioavailability. The current research aims to use Dextran sulphate (DEX) nanobubbles (NBs) as a delivery system for IRO to improve the bioavailability and enhance its beneficial effect. Using emulsification technique we formulated IRO-loaded dextran sulphate NBs and optimized utilizing a Box Behnken design with input of process and formulation parameters. The characterization of NBs checked for particle size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction studies, and also stability studies, in vitro and in-vivo studies on rats. The optimized NBs presented 89.8 ± 9.5 nm of particle size, -18.6 ± 1.2 mV of zeta potential, and 0.284 ± 0.108 of polydispersity index. NBs showed 72.86 ± 1.54% of entrapment efficiency and 33.57 ± 2.10% of drug loading, while in vitro study showed that ultrasound enhanced the release of drugs by 99%, compared to plain drug, which was only 35%. Characterization studies confirmed the absence of drug-polymer interaction. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that this type of formulation might be an alternative for cancer treatment.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Box-Behnken design
  topic: keywords
subject: Colorectal cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Dextran sulphate
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanobubbles
  topic: keywords
subject: Irinotecan
  topic: keywords
creator: Anjaneyulu Patamsetti
creator: Kumar Shiva Gubbiyappa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: e24587
ending page: e24587
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24587

Dry powder inhalation for sildenafil citrate: formulation and performance tests
type: item
description: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease responsible for high mortality in the affected population. Due to the limitations in treatment as severe adverse effects, high cost, we aimed to develop a simple therapeutic option for pulmonary administration, using a vasodilator sildenafil citrate (SILC) in a dry powder inhalation using lactose as carrier. A formulation of micronized SILC was prepared after 30 min wet grinding of the active with the aid of a vibration shear-mill. Solid characterization by laser diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction was assessed for active. Performance tests such as delivered-dose uniformity (DDU) and aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), using Dosage Unit Sampling Apparatus and Andersen Cascate Impactor, respectively, were performed. The micronization of SILC resulted in a medium size of 4.54 µm and a 50th percentile of 2.93 µm. For DDU, the total amount delivered ranged from 92.42 to 109.05% of the targeted dose, in agreement with the specified range (75.0-125.0%). For ASPD, a fine particle fraction of 35% was satisfactorily obtained. This formulation is simple and promising therapeutic option for the treatment of PAH with the advantage of being easily produced using less complex carrier matrix or equipment, in a short time.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Pulmonary arterial hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Sildenafil
  topic: keywords
subject: Micronization
  topic: keywords
subject: Dry powder inhalation
  topic: keywords
subject: Delivered dose uniformity
  topic: keywords
subject: Aerodynamic size distribution
  topic: keywords
creator: Taízia Dutra Silva
creator: Ana Carolina Guimarães Ribeiro
creator: Raquel Braga Dutra Gonçalves
creator: Jackson Antonio Lamounier Camargos Resende
creator: Cristina Duarte Vianna-Soares
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: e24570
ending page: e24570
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24570

Microemulsion-based dual delivery of malkangani and phalsa: formulation, optimization and in-vivo pharmacodynamics in rats
type: item
description: Alzheimer’s Disease is a prevalent form of dementia typically characterized by neurodegeneration, memory loss and cognition loss. Celastrus paniculatus (malkangani) is a well-known brain tonic in Ayurveda, while Grewia asiatica (phalsa) is reported to improve memory and cognition. This study was focused on the development and evaluation of a combined microemulsion of phalsa extract and malkangani oil. The microemulsion was prepared using the water titration method and optimized using Box Behnken Design. The optimized formulation showed particle size of 14.91±0.20 nm, 0.323±0.03 polydispersity index (PDI) and % transmittance of 96.31±0.04 %. The in-vitro drug release was estimated by media change method in 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and it found to follow Higuchi order kinetics with about 90 % release up to 8 hrs. Microemulsion significantly improved inflexion ratio in elevated plus maze test; indicating improvement in learning, memory and recognition in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rat as compared to single treatment of oil or extract, however statistically non-significant effect was seen in novel object recognition test. The biochemical tests and histopathological examinations of rat brains also showed the effect of microemulsion when compared to the disease control group. This combination in microemulsion can be used as a prophylactic treatment to prevent neurodegeneration.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Microemulsion
  topic: keywords
subject: Memory enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: Celastrus paniculatus
  topic: keywords
subject: Grewia asiatica
  topic: keywords
subject: Amnesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Suvarna Jarande
creator: Mrinalini Damle
creator: Tina Saldanha
creator: Shubham Khot
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: e24520
ending page: e24520
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24520

Revolutionizing HIV/aids treatment: advances in CRISPR/Cas9
type: item
description: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant health issue globally and affects millions of people worldwide each year. The infection is treated using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and considered as standard treatment for HIV. The therapy consists of a combination of medicines that slow down or suppress the replication of the virus. Although ART therapy has been successful in managing HIV infection it is not the cure and requires life-long adherence to remain effective. Hence scientists and health workers around the globe are looking for more effective therapy that eliminates the virus from the patient body. Genomic medicine is one of the most significant therapies among these novel treatment procedures. The current advances in genomic medicine and genetic engineering, especially the discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 offer new hope to fight against HIV. In this study, we investigate the current advances in CRIPSR/Cas9 base therapy against HIV. Further, the basics of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, its application in HIV research, challenges, and future perspectives were also investigated.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: CRISPR/Cas9
  topic: keywords
subject: Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV research
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV treatments
  topic: keywords
creator: Shafee Ur Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: e24485
ending page: e24485
doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902026e24485