Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science
type: channel
description: The Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science (BJVRAS), eISSN 1678-4456, is continous published, exclusively online, and in English. The BJVRAS is linked to the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (SP, Brazil), being supported by the Veterinary Medicine Foundation (FUMVET). The BJVRAS is intended to publish scientific studies on veterinary medicine and related sciences.
publisher: Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
language: en
publication name: Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science
issn: 1413-9596
copyright: The journal content is authorized under the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license (summary of the license: https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/4.0 | full text of the license: https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode)
items: Risk-based justification for a 10µg/kg Default Residue Limit to establish withdrawal periods for veterinary medicinal products lacking Maximum Residue Limits
items: Septic tenosynovitis secondary to porcupine quills in a horse: case report
items: Causes of death and reasons for euthanasia of necropsied cats in Espírito Santo, Brazil: a five-year report
items: Phylogenetic analysis of the rabies virus in domestic and wild mammals in the State of São Paulo - Brazil
items: Operational biosecurity in poultry hatcheries
items: Regional histomorphometric characterization of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) skin: anatomical variability and dermatological implications
items: Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and cats in the City of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
items: Molecular diagnosis for Ehrlichia canis in cats in the southern zone of the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil
items: Evaluation of biological activity and LC-MS fingerprinting of hydroalcoholic propolis extract against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis
items: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) present in the udder ofdairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis on a commercial farm in Jataí-GO, Brazil: scientific article
items: Leptospirosis in feral swine and cattle herds in the Brazilian Pantanal
items: New insights into the distribution, prevalence and pathogenesis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs
items: Animal-assisted services dogs in a hospital setting: a literature review
items: Multimodal anesthesia in a margay (Leopardus wiedii) for sacralosteosynthesis
items: Laryngotracheoscopy in brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs:anatomical comparison and development of a conservativetechnique for training on cadavers
items: Poxvirus and Toxoplasma gondii co-infection in a free-ranging Paraguayan hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou spinosus), Brazil
items: Number of cow passages of acidified and antibiotic-free footbathfrom pH analysis
items: Hematological profile of free-living opossums (Didelphis aurita andDidelphis albiventris) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
items: Impact of sperm hyperactivation and estrus on pregnancy in timed AI Bos indicus beef cows
items: Cor triatriatum sinister in a cat: case report
items: Tissue storage manual for contaminant analysis in sea turtles
items: ERRATUM: A tool for detection of the connection between domestic violence and companion animal mistreatment in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
items: Surgical correction of congenital phimosis in a cat: a case report
items: Editorial
items: Evaluation of the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of the ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam combination in wild and captive northern pampas cats (Leopardus garleppi)
items: Total cost of bovine mastitis and economic impact of improvement of udder health plans in commercial dairy herds in Uruguay
items: Wildlife as important hosts of ticks in the flooded savanna of Colombia
items: High frequency of the occurrence of Giardia spp. in dogs in veterinary care in a scrubland area in Goiás state, Brazil
items: Use of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as a xenograft in the treatment of a sporotrichosis-induced wound in a feline: short communication
items: Sacrococcygeal epidural administration of morphine and fentanyl in horses: antinociceptive and physiological effects

Risk-based justification for a 10µg/kg Default Residue Limit to establish withdrawal periods for veterinary medicinal products lacking Maximum Residue Limits
type: item
description: The ultimate objective of risk assessment is to establish a safe level of intake of residues of Pharmacologically Active Substances (PAS) present in foods of animal origin. Under a gold-standard assessment scenario, toxicological reference values used to establish Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and withdrawal periods are derived from complete toxicological data packages for the substance. However, situations may arise in which the available dataset for toxicological evaluation and subsequent determination of MRLs for PAS used in veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) is incomplete, thereby limiting the regulatory establishment of withdrawal periods. To address this limitation, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) established, through Article 2 of Ordinance N° 200 of January 22, 2021, the possibility of applying a Default Limit of 10 ppb (10 µg/kg) as a cut-off value in residue depletion curves in edible tissues and animal-derived products for the determination of withdrawal periods. This article demonstrates that the adopted value of 10 ppb is not arbitrary but is scientifically supported by the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) concept, originally proposed by Cramer for the toxicological classification of chemical substances and incorporated into international risk assessment approaches, with references to the Codex Alimentarius and related regulatory frameworks. Dietary exposure estimations further demonstrate that a residual level of 10 ppb is scientifically justifiable and methodologically appropriate to ensure consumer safety regarding foods of animal origin, representing a conservative approach consistent with internationally accepted risk management principles.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Veterinary medical products
  topic: keywords
subject: Withdrawal period
  topic: keywords
subject: Brazilian legislation
  topic: keywords
subject: Default limit
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer safety
  topic: keywords
creator: João Palermo Neto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: e246390
ending page: e246390
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.246390

Septic tenosynovitis secondary to porcupine quills in a horse: case report
type: item
description: Digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) tenosynovitis represents one of the most prevalent tendon sheath disorders in horses. Its occurrence as a consequence of accidents involving porcupines is relatively uncommon. Therefore, this paper aims to report the case of a mare who had sustained multiple puncture wounds in the hind limb, resulting in septic tenosynovitis of the DFTS due to an accident with a porcupine. The mare was referred to an equine hospital, exhibiting grade 4/5 lameness (American Association of Equine Practitioners scale) and effusion in the DFTS region. The ultrasound examination identified a porcupine quill within the DFTS, while contrast tenography corroborated the diagnosis of a synovial fistula. The quills were surgically removed via tenoscopy. Postoperative antibiotic therapy was conducted via systemic administration, intravenous regional limb perfusion, and intrasynovial medication into the DFTS. This report contributes new information and images, which are useful for the diagnostic and treatment approach.
subject: CASE REPORT
  topic: section
subject: Digital flexor tendon sheath
  topic: keywords
subject: Horse
  topic: keywords
subject: Porcupine
  topic: keywords
subject: Tenography
  topic: keywords
subject: Tenoscopy
  topic: keywords
creator: Isadora Kleinubing da Silva
creator: Juliana de Moura Alonso
creator: Emanuel Vitor Pereira Apolonio
creator: André Lucio Fontana Goetten
creator: Giulia Canale Medeiros
creator: Guilherme Alberto Machado
creator: Renan Felipe Parizotti
creator: Pablo Antônio Machado Bitencourt
creator: Giuliano Moraes Figueiró
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-08-25
publication date: 2026-08-25
starting page: e244404
ending page: e244404
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.244404

Causes of death and reasons for euthanasia of necropsied cats in Espírito Santo, Brazil: a five-year report
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the main causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in cats necropsied in Espírito Santo, Brazil, over five years. Necropsy protocols of domestic cats submitted to the Animal Pathology Sector of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Alegre, between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on sex, age, breed, and cause of death was analyzed. A total of 143 cats were included, most of which were mixed-breed males (62.2%) and adults (62.2%). The mean age was 3.86 years. Diagnoses were conclusive in 66.4% of the cases. The most frequent categories of death were infectious and parasitic diseases (25.9%), disorders caused by physical agents (14%), degenerative diseases (11.2%), neoplasms (9.1%), and other disorders (6.3%). Sporotrichosis was the most prevalent infectious disease (40.5% of the cases in this group), highlighting its importance as an emerging zoonosis in the region. Traumas of unknown origin represented the main cause among physical injuries, while hepatic lipidosis predominated among degenerative disorders. Lymphoma was the most frequent neoplasm, often associated with feline leukemia virus. In addition, euthanasia by convenience and poisoning were also observed, demonstrating the impact of sociocultural and management factors on feline mortality. Despite the limitations inherent to retrospective necropsy studies, these findings emphasize the relevance of necropsy as an epidemiological tool and reinforce the need for preventive measures, public health strategies, and responsible pet ownership to reduce avoidable feline deaths in Brazil.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Animal mortality
  topic: keywords
subject: Felines
  topic: keywords
subject: Necropsy
  topic: keywords
subject: Trauma
  topic: keywords
subject: Zoonoses
  topic: keywords
creator: Márcio Phillip Andrade Correia
creator: Théo Matos Arantes Moraes
creator: Louisiane de Carvalho Nunes
creator: Leonardo Oliveira Trivilin
creator: Jankerle Neves Boeloni
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-08-25
publication date: 2026-08-25
starting page: e242895
ending page: e242895
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.242895

Phylogenetic analysis of the rabies virus in domestic and wild mammals in the State of São Paulo - Brazil
type: item
description: Rabies virus (RABV) causes a lethal zoonosis with a significant impact on public and veterinary health. In Brazil, bats, especially Desmodus rotundus, are the main reservoirs in rural areas. This study analyzed four samples: goat (Capra hircus, 2), horse (Equus caballus, 1), and tapir (Tapirus terrestris, 1), confirming the presence of the virus by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and RT-PCR, which amplified a 264 bp fragment of the nucleoprotein gene. Phylogenetic analysis identified three main clades. The samples were grouped into Cluster A, with sequences from Desmodus rotundus, Artibeus lituratus, and Eptesicus furinalis, associated with the AgV3 variant (bootstrap >90%) and samples from infected dogs. Clade B included historical isolates from dogs with AgV2, which has now been eliminated in Brazil. Clade C grouped primates (Callithrix jacchus) and human cases in Ceará. Nucleoprotein alignment showed conserved regions and variations in the N-P intergenic region. The results confirm that bats remain the main reservoirs of RABV in São Paulo, with AgV3 as the predominant variant, highlighting the need for continued epidemiological surveillance.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Rabies virus
  topic: keywords
subject: Zoonosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular diagnostics
  topic: keywords
subject: Bats
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: RT-PCR
  topic: keywords
creator: Diana Carolina Martínez Martínez
creator: Nelson Fernando Santana-Clavijo
creator: Paulo Eduardo Brandão
creator: Bárbara Antonieta Ribeiro Pilão
creator: Guido Alberto König
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: e238722
ending page: e238722
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.238722

Operational biosecurity in poultry hatcheries
type: item
description: This review analyzes operational biosecurity in poultry hatcheries, emphasizing its role as a critical control point in modern poultry production. The paper integrates conceptual, structural, and operational aspects, focusing on strategies to prevent the introduction and dissemination of pathogens. Key topics include personnel and vehicle control, handling of materials and hatching eggs, pest management, cleaning and disinfection protocols, microbiological monitoring, and vaccination programs. Scientific evidence demonstrates that failures in these areas increase infection pressure, antimicrobial use, and productivity losses, while proper implementation reduces microbial load, limits disease transmission, and ensures food safety. The review highlights that biosecurity effectiveness depends on continuous worker education, rigorous adherence to protocols, and technical guidance by poultry veterinarians to adapt measures to evolving epidemiological challenges. By linking theory and field application, biosecurity emerges as an indispensable tool for the sustainability and competitiveness of poultry hatcheries.
subject: REVIEW ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Poultry
  topic: keywords
subject: Disease prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Cleaning and disinfection
  topic: keywords
subject: Vaccination
  topic: keywords
creator: Aline Tujimoto-Silva
creator: Renata Pamela Barrachini Steffen
creator: Terezinha Knöbl
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: e240228
ending page: e240228
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.240228

Regional histomorphometric characterization of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) skin: anatomical variability and dermatological implications
type: item
description: The use of non-human primates (NHPs) in research is an invaluable tool for advancing knowledge of numerous human diseases. It is imperative, however, that their use as biomodels strictly complies with current regulations. In this context, morphological studies of species used in Laboratory Animal Science (LAS) are highly relevant to scientific progress, with the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) among the most widely used models. Despite its importance, the literature on integumentary histology in NHPs remains scarce, with most information dating back to the 1970s. The present study aimed to describe the skin histology of Macaca mulatta and determine the average epidermal thickness. Detailed histological and morphometric analyses were performed on skin samples collected from different anatomical sites of six ex situ adult rhesus monkeys (both males and females). The regions examined included: Regio parietalis (RPA), Regio colli dorsalis (RCD), Regio presternali (RPE), Regio vertebralis thoracis (RVT), Regio abdominis caudalis (RAC), Regio sacralis (RSC), Regio palmaris manus sinistra (RPM), Regio plantaris pedis sinistra (RPP), and Regio ischiadica (RIS). Samples were embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and analyzed using ImageJ software. Marked regional differences were observed in the architecture of the epidermis and dermis, with thicker epidermis and stratum corneum areas subjected to greater friction. Epidermal thickness ranged from 11.25 µm in the ventral region to 347.32 µm in the ischiatic calluses, while the stratum corneum varied from 2.18 µm to 256.15 µm. Despite these morphological disparities, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in epidermal thickness among regions. Thin skin areas exhibited three to four cell layers in the epidermis and a balanced distribution of skin appendages, with a higher density of sweat glands in the upper parietal region. In contrast, thick skin regions presented 8 to 20 cell layers…
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Histology
  topic: keywords
subject: Morphometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Skin
  topic: keywords
subject: Macaca mulatta
  topic: keywords
subject: Callosities
  topic: keywords
creator: Taynara Martins Moura
creator: Bárbara Regina Pickler Lemos
creator: Márcia Cristina Ribeiro Andrade
creator: Cláudia Andréa Araújo Lopes
creator: Kelly Cristina Demarque
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: e239205
ending page: e239205
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.239205

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and cats in the City of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
type: item
description: Gastrointestinal parasites, including protozoa and helminths, are common in domestic animals and have zoonotic relevance. This study aimed to identify the occurrence of these infections in dogs and cats in São Paulo City, SP, Brazil. Between 2021 and 2024, 118 fecal samples were collected - 60 from domestic dogs and 58 from cats recently rescued from the streets, both symptomatic and asymptomatic - and subjected to Faust and Hoffmann coproparasitological techniques. In total, 34.7% (41/118) of the animals were infected, with 34.5% (20/58) of cats and 35% (21/60) of dogs. Seven parasites were identified: Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., Trichuris spp., Dipylidium spp., Strongylus spp., Giardia spp., and Cystoisospora spp. In cats, Cystoisospora spp. (29.31%; 17/58), Toxocara spp. (3.45%; 2/58), and Giardia spp. (1.72%; 1/58) were detected. In dogs, Toxocara spp. was the most prevalent (18.30%; 11/60), followed by Dipylidium spp. (6.67%; 4/60), Cystoisospora spp. (3.33%; 2/60), Trichuris spp. (3.33%; 2/60), Ancylostoma spp. (1.67%; 1/60) and Strongylus spp. (1.67%; 1/60). Co-infections were observed only in dogs (7.3%; 3/41), involving combinations of helminths and/ or protozoa. Protozoan infection was predominant in cats, especially Cystoisospora spp., which was more frequent in individuals aged 1 to 24 months (50%; 10/20). In dogs, helminths were more common, especially Toxocara spp., with 84.6% (11/13) of the helminth infections detected. The verified occurrence reinforces the need for routine coproparasitological diagnosis, adequate sanitary management, and rational use of anthelmintics to reduce the prevalence of these infections and their impact on animal and public health, strengthening the concept of One Health.
subject: PRELIMINARY NOTE
  topic: section
subject: Coproparasitology
  topic: keywords
subject: Dogs
  topic: keywords
subject: Felines
  topic: keywords
subject: Helminths
  topic: keywords
subject: Protozoa
  topic: keywords
creator: Tatiana de França Sales
creator: Ana Gabriela Andrade Cruz França
creator: Tamara Noetzel
creator: Fabiana Andrea Messias Silva
creator: Adriana Cortez
creator: Jonas Moraes-Filho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-20
publication date: 2026-05-20
starting page: e240236
ending page: e240236
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.240236

Molecular diagnosis for Ehrlichia canis in cats in the southern zone of the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil
type: item
description: This study investigated the molecular presence of Ehrlichia canis in cats from the southern zone of the city of São Paulo, São Paulo State, in an area of environmental fragmentation within the Atlantic Forest Biome. A total of 144 blood samples were collected from cats participating in surgical sterilization campaigns, with no specific selection criteria. Molecular detection was performed using real-time PCR. The results revealed a frequency of 7.64% (11/144) for the bacterium. The detection of E. canis in cats is significant, considering that this pathogen is traditionally associated with canine infections. These findings indicate molecular evidence of E. canis DNA in cats from the studied area and support the need for further studies including clinical, hematological, and vector-related data.
subject: PRELIMINARY NOTE
  topic: section
subject: Arthropods
  topic: keywords
subject: Hemoparasites
  topic: keywords
subject: qPCR
  topic: keywords
subject: Vector-borne diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahi Êni Santos Souza
creator: Tatiana de França Sales
creator: Marcelo Bahia Labruna
creator: Marilene Lima Santos
creator: Stephanies Bergmann Esteves
creator: Adriana Cortez
creator: Jonas Moraes-Filho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-08-24
publication date: 2026-08-24
starting page: e241232
ending page: e241232
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.241232

Evaluation of biological activity and LC-MS fingerprinting of hydroalcoholic propolis extract against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis
type: item
description: Bacterial mastitis is a major disease in dairy cattle, leading to losses in milk production, quality, and animal health. Staphylococcus aureus is the main etiological agent of this disease, but treatment is challenging due to biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the hydroalcoholic extract of propolis produced in a hive located in the municipality of Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil, as well as to investigate its antimicrobial activity and the inhibition of biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. It was demonstrated that phenolic compounds in the propolis extracts ranged from 326.27 to 783.64 mgGAE/g and flavonoids from 267.16 to 815.65 mgQE/g. Chemical analysis by LC-MS indicated the presence of a phenolic acid (isochlorogenic acid), flavonoids (quercetin, isorhamnetin, baicalein and chrysin) and a phospholipid (oleoyl glycero-3-phosphocholine). The extract had a minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus strains of 31.25 and 62.5 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 125 and 250 µg/mL. In the biofilm inhibition assay of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis, no significant effect was found in the biofilm inhibition test (p > 0.05) among the concentrations of the propolis extract tested but all inhibited biofilm sufficiently to reduce the number of samples in the “strong biofilm producer” category. The assessment of the propolis extract’s capacity to disaggregate biofilms demonstrated little effectiveness at the concentrations tested and no capacity to eradicate the structure. The results demonstrate that the propolis extract analyzed has antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, suggesting pharmaceutical potential.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Natural products
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemical composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayonara Germano Barreto
creator: Júlio César da Silva Vieira
creator: Hiandrey Sabrina Torres de Sá
creator: Ana Clara Neves dos Santos
creator: Maria Izadora da Silva
creator: José Erick Galindo Gomes
creator: Vanderson Barbosa Bernardo
creator: Marcelo de Oliveira Milfont
creator: Pedro Gregório Vieira Aquino
creator: Elizabete Rodrigues da Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-09-01
publication date: 2026-09-01
starting page: e238234
ending page: e238234
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.238234

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) present in the udder ofdairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis on a commercial farm in Jataí-GO, Brazil: scientific article
type: item
description: Among the primary diseases affecting the Brazilian dairy herd is bovine mastitis, a complex, multifactorial disease whose primary pathogen is Staphylococcus spp., which is known for its high resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials and environmental factors. The present study aimed to isolate staphylococci from milk samples collected from cows at a dairy farm in Jataí, GO, Brazil. Isolation was carried out using samples from 90 sick animals collected between November and March. After isolation and identification, antibiotic tests were performed to assess resistance and investigate the presence of associated virulence genes. The method chosen for the antibiogram was disk diffusion, which we used to evaluate two groups of animals with clinical and subclinical mastitis at that property. Of the milk samples analyzed, 58.9% were positive for Staphylococcus sp., with 5.5% coagulase-positive (SPC) and 53.3% coagulase-negative (SCN). The SPC bacteria were associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis, while SCN was often associated with subclinical mastitis (68.75%). The high frequency of Staphylococcus sp. indicates they remain a primary causative agent of mastitis, with SCN having the greatest impact in this herd. Among the antibiotics tested, we found three with prevalent resistance, namely, oxacillin, penicillin, and vancomycin. We also identified coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) as the predominant cause of subclinical mastitis in the bovine herd. Methicillin-resistant (MRS) and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus isolates stood out as causes of mastitis. MRS isolates also underwent a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect the mecA and mecC genes. However, no isolate exhibited those resistance genes. This shows that antibiotic resistance may occur through other mechanisms and genes.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: MRS
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibiogram
  topic: keywords
subject: Phenotypic expression
  topic: keywords
subject: Dairy cattle
  topic: keywords
creator: Emanuelle Azambuja Lima
creator: Josian Rocha Chaves
creator: Beatriz Pires Pereira Grossi
creator: Dhionata Correia Silva
creator: Natasha Machado Oliveira
creator: Lara Rodrigues Matias
creator: Gabriel Silva Almeida
creator: Mateus Felipe Lopes Silva
creator: Luiz Vicente Bernardes Lecznieski
creator: Ariel Eurides Stella
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-02
publication date: 2025-02-02
starting page: e236172
ending page: e236172
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.236172

Leptospirosis in feral swine and cattle herds in the Brazilian Pantanal
type: item
description: Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonotic disease highly prevalent among cattle and wildlife in the Brazilian Pantanal. Some serovars commonly found in suiform species have been reported in bovine livestock, raising concerns about interspecies transmission. To evaluate the risk that feral swine (Sus scrofa) could pose to local farms in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul, a seroepidemiological survey was conducted during the dry seasons of 2010 and 2011. During the survey, a total of 151 feral swine were captured in the subregions of Nhecolândia and Abobral. Blood samples were collected for serological analysis, and 30 animals were randomly euthanized for necropsy. Through microscopic agglutination tests (MAT), we identified 108 positive individuals (71.52%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, and Autumnalis were the most frequently detected serovars, which are usually associated with rodents and domestic swine. Pomona and Autumnalis exhibited the highest titers (up to 1:12,400 and 1:1,600, respectively). With Warthin-Starry staining, Leptospira sp. were observed in renal tubules of two kidney samples. In parallel, 266 bovine serum samples were tested, with 204 (76.69%) testing positive, predominantly for Hardjo, Tarassovi, and Grippotyphosa serovars, which are generally linked to cattle, domestic swine, and rodents. This represents the most extensive study involving free-ranging feral swine sampling in Brazil and reports the highest leptospirosis prevalence found in these animals over the past four decades. Despite the high seropositivity in feral swine, the limited overlap in predominant serovars suggests a low risk of direct transmission to cattle in the region. Therefore, effective control of leptospirosis in livestock in the Brazilian Pantanal should prioritize internal herd management, minimize indirect exposure to contaminated water sources, and reduce rodent presence around facilities.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Wildlife-livestock interface
  topic: keywords
subject: Sus scrofa
  topic: keywords
subject: Seroprevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Leptospira interrogans
  topic: keywords
subject: One Healt
  topic: keywords
creator: Isabella Fontana
creator: Aiesca Oliveira Pellegrin
creator: Ubiratan Piovezan
creator: Raquel Soares Juliano
creator: Rosielle Campozano Viana
creator: Aline de Oliveira Figueiredo
creator: Letícia Almeida Retumba Carneiro Monteiro
creator: Zenaide Maria de Morais
creator: Cristiane Vinhaes Gracindo
creator: Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-09
publication date: 2025-02-09
starting page: e237487
ending page: e237487
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.237487

New insights into the distribution, prevalence and pathogenesis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs
type: item
description: Swine respiratory diseases significantly impact animal health and welfare, compromising both productive efficiency and the economic outcomes for producers. Among the primary etiological agents, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae stands out due to its widespread global distribution and high morbidity rates. It predominantly manifests clinically as enzootic pneumonia, leading to reduced performance metrics such as lower weight gain, diminished feed conversion efficiency, and increased susceptibility to co-infections. Understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this bacterium is crucial for developing more effective control strategies to minimize economic losses and enhance herd health. Therefore, this literature review aimed to present studies on the epidemiology of M. hyopneumoniae both globally and in Brazil, as well as to elucidate its pathogenic mechanisms, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the infection and the implementation of more efficient prevention and control measures.
subject: REVIEW ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Swine enzootic pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: Porcine respiratory disease control
  topic: keywords
subject: Virulence factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Co-infections in swine pneumonia
  topic: keywords
creator: Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
creator: Geovana Coelho Ferreira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: e233476
ending page: e233476
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.233476

Animal-assisted services dogs in a hospital setting: a literature review
type: item
description: Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) was used as an umbrella term encompassing various forms of animal-involved practices until the end of 2024, including animal-assisted therapy (AAT), animal-assisted activities (AAA), and animal-assisted education (AAE). More recently, this terminology has been updated and replaced by animal-assisted services (AAS). When this review was conducted, the term animal-assisted services (AAS) had not yet been proposed and formally accepted. Therefore, this review used the umbrella term animal-assisted interventions (AAI). The incorporation of AAI into the healthcare setting began in the eighteenth century and has accelerated in the last decade. To better understand the participation of dogs in AAI in a hospital setting, we searched in four databases (Scopus, PubMed, CABI and Web of Science) for the keywords ((“animal assisted intervention” OR “pet therapy” OR AAI OR “animal assisted activity” OR AAA OR “animal assisted therapy” OR AAT) AND (dog) AND (hospital)) in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. PRISMA guidelines were partially adhered to. We initially identified 412 papers, excluded duplicates, and selected the remaining papers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ultimately retaining 120 suitable papers published between 1993 and 2022. The papers were categorized into seven groups according to subject similarity: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heart Disease, Oncology, Psychosocial, Physiological, both Psychosocial and Physiological, and Miscellaneous. We found significant variation across papers regarding the purpose of the program, the hospital departments in which the interventions took place, session duration, recipients’ physical and mental health status, as well as additional people benefiting from AAS apart from its direct recipients. This highlights the existence of numerous approaches to delivering AAS, creating many possibilities for future research.
subject: REVIEW ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Animal-assisted services
  topic: keywords
subject: Animal-assisted intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapy dog
  topic: keywords
subject: Pet therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospital setting
  topic: keywords
creator: Cristiane Oliveira Fraga Santos
creator: Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: e235093
ending page: e235093
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.235093

Multimodal anesthesia in a margay (Leopardus wiedii) for sacralosteosynthesis
type: item
description: The margay (Leopardus wiedii) is a small wild feline endemic to Central and South America. Due to increasing habitat fragmentation and human expansion, margays are frequently involved in road traffic accidents, leading to severe traumatic injuries. Effective veterinary intervention is crucial for their rehabilitation and reintroduction into the wild. However, limited literature exists on appropriate anesthetic and surgical management strategies for wild felids. A free-ranging adult female margay (2.3 kg) was admitted with a complete displaced fracture of the right sacral wing, multiple pubis, and ischium fractures. Anesthetic management included premedication with tiletamine-zolazepam (5 mg/kg IM) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg IM), induction with propofol (3 mg/kg IV), and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. A sacrococcygeal epidural block (L7-S1) with lidocaine (3 mg/kg) was performed to reduce inhalant anesthetic requirements and enhance analgesia. Physiological parameters remained stable throughout the procedure, and postoperative recovery was uneventful. The patient was discharged to wildlife rehabilitation authorities 27 days post-surgery. The combination of tiletaminezolazepam, methadone, and epidural lidocaine effectively provided immobilization, analgesia, and hemodynamic stability. This case highlights the importance of multimodal analgesia and careful anesthetic monitoring to ensure successful surgical outcomes in wildlife conservation medicine. The anesthetic and surgical approach described in this report contributed to the successful rehabilitation of a margay with pelvic fractures caused by a road traffic accident. The findings support the efficacy of multimodal anesthesia and epidural analgesia in wild feline trauma management, providing valuable insights for future veterinary interventions in conservation medicine.
subject: CASE REPORT
  topic: section
subject: Analgesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Sacrococcygeal epidural anesthesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Road traffic accident
  topic: keywords
subject: Wildlife
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Letícia Rodrigues Marques Marques
creator: Marina Marangoni
creator: Ademar Francisco Fagundes Meznerovicz
creator: Gentil Ferreira Gonçalves
creator: Paulo Henrique Braz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
starting page: e235091
ending page: e235091
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.235091

Laryngotracheoscopy in brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs:anatomical comparison and development of a conservativetechnique for training on cadavers
type: item
description: Laryngotracheoscopy is a crucial tool in both clinical practice and the diagnosis of respiratory conditions, particularly in brachycephalic dogs, which are prone to anatomical airway abnormalities. This study aimed to introduce a technique for preserving canine cadavers for laryngo-tracheoscopy training and to explore anatomical differences between brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs. We used a total of 30 cadavers, evenly split between the two morphological groups, in compliance with the ethical guidelines set by CONCEA. We employed a preservative solution composed of curing salts and 5% glycerinated ethyl alcohol, administered through thoracic aortic cannulation, then stored the cadavers under vacuum at 4 °C for up to 120 days. The cadavers underwent laryngotracheoscopy both before and after storage to assess coloration, malleability, and the integrity of the anatomical structures. Anatomical alterations, such as laryngeal saccule eversion and tracheal stenosis, were also examined. After 90 days of preservation, 100% of the cadavers retained coloration and malleability akin to fresh cadavers, proving suitable for laryngotracheoscopy training. However, after 120 days, only 72.2% maintained the desired tissue texture and coloration. Noteworthy was that 93.33% of brachycephalic dogs showed a reduction in glottic lumen compared to mesocephalic dogs, which presented more uniform and less edematous structures. Furthermore, the apex of the epiglottic cartilage in brachycephalic dogs was more rounded in contrast to the more pointed appearance in mesocephalic dogs. In conclusion, the preservation technique proposed here is effective for maintaining cadavers for laryngotracheoscopy training up to 90 days and facilitates detailed anatomical comparisons between brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs. This technique supports the training of professionals in managing respiratory alterations in these breeds, promoting both ethical and cost-effective practices.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Comparative morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: Embalming
  topic: keywords
subject: Airway endoscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: Cadaver preservation
  topic: keywords
creator: Fabrício Singaretti de Oliveira
creator: Ariadne Rein
creator: Gabriel João Unger Carra
creator: Giulia Vasquez Chiarato dos Santos
creator: Thais Isaias dos Santos
creator: Paola Castro Moraes
creator: Andrea Barros Piazzon de Souza Queiroz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
starting page: e234494
ending page: e234494
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.234494

Poxvirus and Toxoplasma gondii co-infection in a free-ranging Paraguayan hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou spinosus), Brazil
type: item
description: A Brazilian porcupine poxvirus (BPoPV) and Toxoplasma gondii co-infection case in a free-ranging Paraguayan hairydwarf porcupine (Coendou spinosus) is described. An adult female porcupine was rescued in a peri-urban region ofthe city of São Paulo. It presented poor general condition and multiple erythematous to ulcerated nodules and crustedcutaneous plaques in the face, ear, front and hind limbs, and genital region. Skin lesions and hepatomegaly were themajor gross lesions. Hyperplastic ulcerated epidermis and myxomatous edema in dermis associated with interstitiallymphoplasmocytic and histiocytic infiltrate were the microscopic findings. Multiple eosinophilic intracytoplasmicinclusions in keratinocytes of the epidermis and hair follicle, sebocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblasts were observed. Theprotozoan cyst was associated with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and glial nodules in the cerebral cortex. BPoPVinfection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis, and T. gondii co-infection was confirmedby molecular investigation. In conclusion, neotropical porcupines are susceptible to co-infection with poxvirus andToxoplasma gondii, and the impact of this interaction needs to be further clarified.
subject: CASE REPORT
  topic: section
subject: BPoPV
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: wildlife
  topic: keywords
creator: Ticiana Zwarg
creator: Alex Junior Souza de Souza
creator: Rodrigo Martins Soares
creator: Aline Santana da Hora
creator: Paulo Eduardo Brandão
creator: Felipe Almeida Lucato
creator: Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: e231962
ending page: e231962
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.231962

Number of cow passages of acidified and antibiotic-free footbathfrom pH analysis
type: item
description: Footbaths are widely used on dairy farms to prevent and treat hoof diseases, especially digital dermatitis. HoofCare® is a commercial, antibiotic-free product composed of zinc chloride, citric acid, copper citrate, and melaleuca oil, also known as tea tree oil. Empirical field evidence suggests that footbath application yields good results in controlling and preventing foot diseases, as well as when the product is used for direct brushing in treating digital dermatitis lesions. This study aimed to determine the number of cow passages of an acidified commercial solution footbath (HoofCare®) based on pH and compare it with the solution currently most used, 5% copper sulfate. Samples were collected every 50 cow passages, starting from solution preparation to the last cow passage (C0, C50, C100..., C750). Additional samples of the solution preparation and the final HoofCare® footbath were also collected at four different time points: two for the entire lactating herd and two for dry cows and heifers. It is recommended that copper solutions maintain a pH below 5.0, with the ideal cut off point being 4.5. All samples were stored and protected from light for subsequent analysis. Results revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) in pH between the copper sulfate and HoofCare® solutions, as determined by the variance test ANOVA. Furthermore, it was evident that at C400 (400 cow passages), the copper sulfate solution had a pH of 4.51, while the HoofCare® solution showed a lower pH of 3.72, only reaching 4.51 at C650 (650 cow passages). The pH variation curve of the HoofCare® solution displayed pH values that remained within the recommended range for an effective footbath (below 5.0) even after 816 cow passages (pH = 4.88). In conclusion, the cutoff point (pH < 4.5) for the 10% HoofCare® footbath was determined to be 600 cow passages. The solution exhibited superior stability and efficacy in maintaining an optimal pH for a greater number of cow passages compare…
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Acidified footbath
  topic: keywords
subject: Copper sulfat
  topic: keywords
subject: Citric acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Hoof disease prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: pH stability
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Paula Abreu Mendonça
creator: Raymis Bruno Rosa Moura
creator: Piero Henrique Miranda Teodoro
creator: Renato Ravetti
creator: Marianne Villettaz Robichaud
creator: Celso Antonio Rodrigues
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-10
publication date: 2025-11-10
starting page: e233143
ending page: e233143
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.233143

Hematological profile of free-living opossums (Didelphis aurita andDidelphis albiventris) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
type: item
description: Although opossums are frequently rescued in urban and peri-urban environments, interpreting laboratory test results is difficult due to a lack of studies providing reference values for hematological parameters in these species. This study aimed to establish the hematological profile of free-living opossums in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Blood samples were taken from 52 individuals of two species: 32 white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and 20 black-eared opossums (Didelphis aurita) to assess complete blood counts. These animals had been rescued by two institutions, one in Sorocaba and the other in São Paulo city. Blood samples were taken to assess hematological parameters. The mean values and standard deviations obtained from the D. albiventris samples were: red blood cells (x106/µL) 3.68 ± 0.50, hemoglobin (g/dL) 8.85 ± 2.07, PCV (%) 29.65 ± 5.66, MCV (fL) 83.81 ± 7.65, MCH (pg) 25.33 ± 2.79, MCHC (% ) 29.40 ± 1.77, white blood cells (/µL) 12.523 ± 4.282, segmented neutrophils (/µL) 5.962 ± 2.954, lymphocytes (/µL) 5.944 ± 1.753, eosinophils (/µL) 427 ± 378, monocytes (/µL) 273 ± 193. For D. aurita, the average values were: red blood cells (x106/µL) 4.27 ± 1.11, hemoglobin (g/dL) 11.32 ± 2.83, PCV (%) 37.88 ± 7.07, MCV (fL) 92.38 ± 19.29, MCH (pg) 26.47 ± 5.53, MCHC (%) 29.16 ± 3.94, erythroblasts (/100 leu) 0.24 ± 0.55, white blood cells (x103/µL) 9.883 ± 5.333, segmented neutrophils (/µL) 5.677 ± 3.378, lymphocytes (/µL) 2.421 ± 1.337, eosinophils (/µL) 972 ± 806, monocytes (/µL) 229 ± 186 and basophil (/µL) 35.56 ± 53.95. Different geographical regions, climates, and feeding, as well as the presence of parasites, are variables that can influence the parameters of the erythrogram and leukogram. The hematological values reported in this study may help veterinarians treat opossums by contributing to existing information on these marsupial species.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Complete blood count
  topic: keywords
subject: Didelphidae
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical laboratory
  topic: keywords
subject: Marsupial
  topic: keywords
subject: Wildlife
  topic: keywords
creator: Stephany Rocha Ribeiro
creator: Flora Nogueira Matos
creator: Paula Sader
creator: Ticiana Zwarg
creator: Luana Rivas
creator: Ligia Souza Lima Silveira da Mota
creator: Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
starting page: e233003
ending page: e233003
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2026.233003

Impact of sperm hyperactivation and estrus on pregnancy in timed AI Bos indicus beef cows
type: item
description: This study hypothesized that cows that express estrus within 48 hr of progesterone insert removal ovulate earlier, and that the association between estrus and the degree of sperm hyperactivation increases pregnancy rates in beef cows. In Experiment 1, Nelore cows were divided into two groups according to the expression of estrus within 48 hr after progesterone removal: Estrus (E48, n = 19) and No Estrus (NE48, n = 13). Cows from the E48 group ovulated earlier (P < 0.02; 73.3 ± 13.1 h vs. 95.5 ± 37.5 h). In Experiment 2, 480 postpartum beef cows were treated as described in Experiment 1. The semen from the two bulls used for timed artificial insemination was classified as Hyper-activated (H+) and Non-Hyper-activated (H-). The batches of H+ and H- semen of each bull used to inseminate cows were distributed in E48 and NE48 cows. The pregnancy per AI of cows from the E48H+ (60.7%, 91/150) and E48H- (65.7%, 88/134) groups was greater (P < 0.02) compared with cows from NE48H+ (51.6%, 66/128) and NE48H- (41.2%, 28/68) groups. Cows that exhibited estrus ovulated earlier and had higher pregnancy rates. The kinematics of the semen used in this study did not influence the fertility of cows, regardless of estrus incidence.
subject: PRELIMINARY NOTE
  topic: section
subject: Estrus
  topic: keywords
subject: Sperm hyper-activation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ovulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Luiz Francisco Machado Pfeifer
creator: George Moreira da Silva
creator: Vanessa Lemos de Souza
creator: Jair Sábio Oliveira Júnior
creator: Jéssica de Souza Andrade
creator: José Roberto Potiens
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-02
publication date: 2025-02-02
starting page: e223638
ending page: e223638
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.223638

Cor triatriatum sinister in a cat: case report
type: item
description: Cor triatriatum sinister is an uncommon congenital condition characterized by an aberrant membrane that divides the left atrium into two chambers due to an abnormal incorporation of the pulmonary veins. This anomaly obstructs blood flow to the left atrium, leading to pulmonary hypertension and, consequently, congestive heart failure. This case report presents a cat that was treated in the veterinary cardiology service for dyspnea. An echocardiogram revealed an intra- atrial membrane within the left atrium. Due to the patient´s deteriorating condition, euthanasia was performed, and subsequent necropsy and histopathology examination also confirmed the diagnosis of cor triatriatum sinister.
subject: CASE REPORT
  topic: section
subject: Anomaly
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Hemodynamic
  topic: keywords
subject: Cats
  topic: keywords
subject: CTS
  topic: keywords
creator: Faviana Aimé Maza León
creator: Tatiana Rosa Fernandes
creator: Giovanna Gati de Souza
creator: Rafael Cerantola Siqueira
creator: Marcílio Félix
creator: Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho
creator: Alessandre Hataka
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: e227921
ending page: e227921
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.227921

Tissue storage manual for contaminant analysis in sea turtles
type: item
description: Necropsies are essential tools for determining the cause of death in wildlife, including marine species like sea turtles. Through laboratory analysis of well-preserved tissues, wildlife disease specialists can investigate various potential causes of mortality in wildlife. The primary goal is to assist specialists in accurately identifying turtle organs and gathering the samples required for pathology and other vital tests. This protocol outlines methods for collecting ingested waste from sea turtles, as well as organizing and storing data related to these samples. The procedure starts with the meticulous gathering of deceased sea turtles, after which tissue samples are sorted according to their level of decomposition. Turtle necropsies should be conducted in certified facilities equipped for these procedures, ensuring compliance with established protocols and guidelines. Moreover, the protocol outlined here provides detailed guidance on the optimal methods for preserving tissue samples, tailored to the type of contaminant (microplastics, heavy metals, pesticides, or persistent organic pollutants) being analyzed. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the health and survival challenges faced by marine wildlife.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Sea turtles
  topic: keywords
subject: Microplastics
  topic: keywords
subject: Pollutants
  topic: keywords
subject: Protocol
  topic: keywords
subject: Sample Treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Patricia Ishisaki Salvarani
creator: Jaime Rendón-von Osten
creator: Merle Marisa Borges-Ramírez
creator: Verena Elizabeth Nakano
creator: Carla Beatriz Barbosa
creator: Berenice Maria Gomes
creator: Hugo Gallo Neto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: e230332
ending page: e230332
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.230332

ERRATUM: A tool for detection of the connection between domestic violence and companion animal mistreatment in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
type: item
description: In the article "A tool for detection of the connection between domestic violence and companion animal mistreatment in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil" [ Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2024;61:e215417, doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2024.215417] in the first published form it happens a fail in the authors order. The correct order of the authors is: Tália Missen Tremori, Mariel Adan Everson, Juliana Santeramo, Laiza Bonela Gomes, Sérvio Túlio Jacinto Reis, Laila Massad Ribas, Mara Rita Rodrigues Massad and Noeme Sousa Rocha.
subject: ERRATUM
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: e232442
ending page: e232442

Surgical correction of congenital phimosis in a cat: a case report
type: item
description: Phimosis is a rare condition in dogs and cats, characterized by difficulty in penile exposure due to the narrowing of the preputial ostium. This condition may be congenital or acquired as a result of trauma. Clinical signs range from asymptomatic narrowing of the preputial orifice to complete obstruction, potentially leading to symptoms such as stranguria and pollakiuria. The diagnosis of congenital phimosis is made during physical examination by identifying a stenosis of the preputial orifice. Treatment is surgical and may involve various techniques to reconstruct or enlarge the preputial ostium. This study reports a case of congenital phimosis in a domestic feline, corrected surgically. The patient, a 30-day-old mixed-breed male, was presented at the Veterinary Clinic of PUC Campinas with symptoms of dysuria and dribbling urination. After diagnosis, a preputioplasty was performed, involving the excision of preputial tissue through a 360-degree incision, followed by mucocutaneous sutures. Preputioplasty proved to be a practical and quick approach, providing excellent recovery for patients with congenital phimosis.
subject: CASE REPORT
  topic: section
subject: Preputioplasty
  topic: keywords
subject: Preputial stenosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Congenital phimosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Feline
  topic: keywords
subject: Male reproductive system
  topic: keywords
creator: Thaís Simião Payão
creator: Nicole Reno Pinhotti
creator: Vanessa Pellegrini
creator: Bruna Maria Sarri
creator: Carolina Akel Ferruccio
creator: Michele Andrade de Barros
creator: Leandro Elias Silva Biazzo
creator: Lívia Bitencourt Pascoal Biazzo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: e227803
ending page: e227803
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.227803

Editorial
type: item
description: Editorial for the special Collective Veterinary Medicine
subject: EDITORIAL
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: keywords
creator: Rita de Cassia Maria Garcia
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-04
publication date: 2024-12-04
starting page: e612024
ending page: e612024
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2024.231976

Evaluation of the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of the ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam combination in wild and captive northern pampas cats (Leopardus garleppi)
type: item
description: Established chemical immobilization protocols are necessary for safe procedures in free-ranging and captive small felids. Detailed information on the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of the northern pampas cat (Leopardus garleppi) is scarce. This study collected and evaluated the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects in seven procedures using ketamine (3.9 ± 1.3 mg/kg), dexmedetomidine (0.024 ± 0.002 mg/kg), and midazolam (0.16± 0.08 mg/kg) in northern pampas cats performed from 2018 to 2024, and partial reversion with atipamezole (0.02mg/kg). Anesthesia time periods were recorded from induction until recovery. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, and non-invasive pressures were recorded every 5 min for 25 min. The mean induction time was 5.4 ± 4.8 min, the mean of immobilization time was 48.6 ± 7.5 min, and the mean of recovery time was 20.8 ± 6.3 min. Just one individual had an erratic induction and needed a re-dosage. Non-significant differences were registered in all parameters. We found significant differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure between free-ranging and captive individuals. The association of ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam was functional and safe for chemical restraint in wild and captive northern pampas cats. Nevertheless, some differences can be found in free-ranging individuals due to the stress of capture and the condition of the animals.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Carnivores
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemical restraint
  topic: keywords
subject: Wild felids
  topic: keywords
subject: Leopardus
  topic: keywords
subject: Anesthesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Alejandro Pereda-Sanchez
creator: Cindy Melissa Hurtado
creator: Álvaro García-Olaechea
creator: Renzo Ojeda-Juárez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: e231458
ending page: e231458
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.231458

Total cost of bovine mastitis and economic impact of improvement of udder health plans in commercial dairy herds in Uruguay
type: item
description: Mastitis severely affects dairy farmers’ profitability. Total cost (Tc) of mastitis is the sum of failure costs (Fc) and preventive costs (Pc), but there is a substitutive relationship between these components. The objective was to estimate the Tc of mastitis in Uruguayan dairy herds and to evaluate the economic benefit of improving their udder health plans. A survey and a financial model were developed to estimate the total cost of mastitis. They were applied in a convenience sample from a previous cohort study of 12 dairy farms in southern Uruguay. The survey collected general data from the farm, mastitis records, milking routine, and mastitis management. For each herd, Fc, Pc, and Tc were determined using farm data collected from the survey, the previous study, and market information. A stochastic Monte Carlo simulation using @Risk (Lumivero) was carried out for each farm to evaluate the economic benefit of implementing a complete udder health plan, according to dairy research standards. The new Fc, Pc, and Tc were estimated, and each farm’s marginal substitution rate (MRS) was calculated. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the assumptions. The mean of Fc was 294 US$/cow/year, mainly due to subclinical mastitis yield losses. Pc was 47 US$/cow/year, and Tc was 341 US$/cow/ year. All cost components showed a significant variability between farms, suggesting the potential room for improving udder health. The simulation model showed that improving the udder health plans in most farms was cost-effective. The MRS was high in most farms, indicating that the improvement was convenient. Taking this into account and the fact that Fc is much greater than Pc, advice with a preventive approach could be economically efficient for Uruguayan herds. However, the measure to be adopted must consider the herd, farm, and economic specificities.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: bulk milk somatic cell count
  topic: keywords
subject: yield losses
  topic: keywords
subject: Montecarlo simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: practice efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: preventive costs
  topic: keywords
creator: Gustavo Benítez
creator: Irene Cruz
creator: Alejandro Larriestra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: e227117
ending page: e227117
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.227117

Wildlife as important hosts of ticks in the flooded savanna of Colombia
type: item
description: Records of wild animals acting as tick hosts in the flooded savanna region of Colombia’s Orinoquia are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and map the ticks that infest these hosts. Ten locations were sampled in the municipality of Arauca, department of Arauca, Colombia, where ticks were collected infesting 19 wild animals, classified into 14 species, providing new information on tick infestation in the following taxa: (i) bird: Crax daubentoni, (ii) mammals: Dasypus sabanicola, Dicotyles tajacu, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Leopardus tigrinus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Odocoileus virginianus, Procyon cancrivorus, Urocyon cinereoargenteus and Tamandua tetradactyla, and (iii) reptiles: Boa constrictor, Chelonoidis denticulata, Eunectes murinus and Iguana iguana. A total of 85 ticks were identified and classified as the species Amblyomma mixtum, corresponding to 72.8%, followed by Amblyomma dissimile – 11.7%, Rhipicephalus microplus – 8.2%, Dermacentor nitens – 4.7%, and Amblyomma nodosum – 2.3%. Amblyomma mixtum was the tick species that showed the highest variety of infestations to hosts, parasitizing 53.8%. The host infested with the greatest variety of tick species was Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, from which Amblyomma mixtum and Dermacentor nitens were removed. The diversity and wide distribution of these wild animals make them potential tick hosts of medical and veterinary importance, given the close environmental, cultural, and economic interaction that has developed between wild and domestic animals, ticks, pathogens, and humans.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Amblyomma mixtum
  topic: keywords
subject: Orinoquia
  topic: keywords
subject: Rhipicephalus microplus
  topic: keywords
subject: Wild animals
  topic: keywords
subject: Ticks
  topic: keywords
creator: Arlex Rodríguez-Durán
creator: Laura Natalia Robayo-Sánchez
creator: Jannet Bentez-Molano
creator: Jenny Jovana Chaparro-Gutiérrez
creator: Jesús Alfredo Cortés-Vecino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: e226567
ending page: e226567
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.226567

High frequency of the occurrence of Giardia spp. in dogs in veterinary care in a scrubland area in Goiás state, Brazil
type: item
description: The exponential growth of domestic animal populations has increased their susceptibility to infections caused by numerous parasites. Giardiasis, an important zoonosis in dogs and humans caused by Giardia duodenalis, is transmitted via the fecal-oral route by ingesting food and water contaminated with cysts or through direct contact with infected humans or animals. The lack of a commercially available approved vaccine for the treatment of giardiasis and the development of resistance to antiparasitics because of their incorrect and indiscriminate use make its treatment challenging. Herein, we report an abnormally high occurrence of Giardia spp. in dogs in veterinary care in Jataí, Goiás, Brazil. Fecal samples were acquired from 94 dogs of different ages and sexes in a private veterinary clinic between January and September 2022, with a giardiasis outbreak reported by veterinarians. Direct fecal examination, flotation, and centrifugal sedimentation in formalin ether solution were used to identify the cysts and oocysts of protozoan parasites and the eggs of parasitic helminths. Giardia spp. were the most frequently detected parasites (20.21%), as opposed to hookworm infections (12.77%, 10/94), which diverged from the prevalence reported for this locality in studies with randomized samples, being 29.53 and 3.34% for Ancylostoma spp. and Giardia spp., respectively. It is important to emphasize that the samples in the present study were from animals that had presented with clinical signs. However, a previous study conducted in the same locality in Jataí reported that antiparasitic drugs are prescribed without requesting a fecal examination and without consulting a veterinarian, evidencing the indiscriminate use of these drugs. The relatively high occurrence of Giardia spp. in the studied locality is evident. Considering growing anthelmintic drug resistance and the potential threats it may pose, the high occurrence of Giardia spp. is a factor that needs to be observed and i…
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: One Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Protozoa
  topic: keywords
subject: Giardiasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Zoonoses
  topic: keywords
subject: Giardia duodenalis
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Paula Carvalho Gomes
creator: Guilherme Oliveira Maia
creator: Alice Caroline da Silva Rocha
creator: Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro
creator: Letícia Caetano Zaiden
creator: Ísis Assis Braga
creator: Klaus Casaro Saturnino
creator: Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-11
publication date: 2025-04-11
starting page: e229314
ending page: e229314
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.229314

Use of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as a xenograft in the treatment of a sporotrichosis-induced wound in a feline: short communication
type: item
description: Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection often characterized by complications related to wound healing. This study was performed to evaluate the use of skin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a biological dressing in a sporotrichosisinduced wound in a feline. Amputation was initially indicated because of an extensive injury with bone necrosis in the distal third of the limb. To promote proper healing, the tissue (xenograft) was applied to the lesion, and the dressing was changed every 48 hr for 3 weeks. Histological analysis of tilapia skin revealed intact collagen fibers and preservation of cellular architecture. After complete healing, the animal’s skin and mobility were restored, improving its quality of life. This report demonstrates the applicability of tilapia skin as a xenograft for treating wounds in domestic animals, achieving satisfactory results in reducing dressing changes and shortening healing time.
subject: PRELIMINARY NOTE
  topic: section
subject: Felidae
  topic: keywords
subject: Graf
  topic: keywords
subject: Healing
  topic: keywords
subject: Wounds
  topic: keywords
creator: Eduarda Faria Raymundo
creator: Marília Gabriela Bezerra de Melo
creator: Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
creator: Juliana Ferreira dos Santos
creator: Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Junior
creator: Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral de Araújo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: e227998
ending page: e227998
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.227998

Sacrococcygeal epidural administration of morphine and fentanyl in horses: antinociceptive and physiological effects
type: item
description: Opioids possess antinociceptive properties, and they are considered safe when administered via the epidural route. However, theyare seldom utilized in equine medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and antinociceptive effects of morphine and fentanyl, either individually or in combination, when administered via sacrococcygeal epidural catheterization in healthy horses. Five horses underwent sacrococcygeal epidural catheterization and received morphine (0.1 mg/kg) [M1], fentanyl (2 μg/kg) [M2], and a combination of morphine (0.15 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1 μg/kg) [M3]. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), intestinal motility, rectal temperature (RT), sedation level, behavior, ataxia, and antinociceptive scores were recorded in response to thermals and mechanicals stimuli applied to the ischial and coxal tuberosities, as well as lumbar, tibial, and thoracic regions, at T-20’ (baseline), 15 min, 1 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 20 h. HR and RT remained within normal ranges. RR increased with [M1] (24.00 ± 2.83) and [M2] (25.20 ± 3.35) at T20h compared to baseline. Intestinal motility was modulated, notably reduced with morphine and its combination up to 1 h post administration, while fentanyl maintained stable bowel movements. Morphine alone or combined with fentanyl induced mild sedation up to 1 h post administration. Ataxia was notable for up to 4 h postadministration, especially with morphine, which extended ataxia up to 12 h. Antinociceptive scores increased notably between T1 and T4, with higher scores observed in the ischiatic, coxal, and lumbar dermatomes under cold stimulation, whereas all dermatomes exhibited increased scores under hot stimulation. Mechanical stimulation elicited antinociception in the coxal and lumbar dermatomes. In conclusion, fentanyl exhibited fewer physiological effects, while morphine demonstrated more potent antinociceptive effects during the initial 12-h period, with the combination showing intermediate analgesia.
subject: FULL ARTICLE
  topic: section
subject: Analgesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidural catheterization
  topic: keywords
subject: Equine medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Opioids
  topic: keywords
creator: Andressa Brito Damaceno
creator: Maria Eduarda da Rocha Souza
creator: Amanda Moura Bicalho
creator: Otavio Pereira de Oliveira
creator: Rudiery Lauson de Paula Reis
creator: Lais Sperandio Cassani
creator: Ester da Fonseca Lucas
creator: Hillary Ignez Belfi Rosa
creator: Poliana da Silva Rocha
creator: Rafael Otaviano do Rego
creator: Leonardo Oliveira Trivilin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-10
publication date: 2025-06-10
starting page: e227714
ending page: e227714
doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2025.227714