Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo
The journal publishes the results of original scientific research developed by Brazilian and foreign investigators in any field of Botany.
Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências
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Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Solanaceae
We present the taxonomic treatment of the family Solanaceae as a contribution to the project “Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. The family is represented in the Serra do Cipó by eight genera and 31 species. The richest genus was Solanum, with 21 species, followed by Athenaea, Cestrum and Schwenckia, each one with two species. Brunfelsia, Capsicum, Datura and Physalis had one species each. Key to the genera and species, descriptions and illustrations, as well as comments on the geographic distribution and habitats of the species, are presented.
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Siparunaceae
The present work presents the taxonomic study of Siparunaceae as part of the project “Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. The family is represented in the region by three species: Siparuna brasiliensis (spreng.) A.DC., Siparuna guianensis Aubl. and Siparuna reginae (Tul.) A.DC. We provide morphological descriptions, illustrations and comments for the species.
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Myristicaceae
Myristicaceae (Magnoliales) has c. 20 genera and 500 species, with tropical and subtropical distribution around the globe. This study aims to elaborate the taxonomic treatment of the family within the scope of the project “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais”. Myristicaceae is represented in the region by a single species, Virola bicuhyba, endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Morphological description, illustrations and comments for the species are presented.
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Malvoideae (Malvaceae)
This study is part of the Project “Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. Malvoideae currently represents the largest of the nine subfamilies of Malvaceae sensu lato. Diagnostic features of the subfamily are the schizocarpic or capsule fruits; however, there are some non-synapomorphics characteristics, usually found in Malvoideae, being the presence of whole, simple or lobed leaves, epicalyx often present, numerous stamens in a staminal tube, gamosepalous flowers, congested or solitary at the apex or in the axil of the branches. Ten genera (Abutilon, Gaya, Herissantia, Hibiscus, Malvastrum, Pavonia, Peltaea, Quararibea, Sida and Wissadula) and 27 species were found in the studied area, and they were differentiated mainly by the presence or absence of an epicalyx, features of the fruits and mericarps. The genus Sida was more frequent, with ten species. Identification keys for the genera and species, detailed descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments and a list of examined specimens are also provided.
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Lecythidaceae
The study of the family Lecythidaceae is part of the project “Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil.” The family is represented in the area by two genera and three species, namely: Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze, Lecythis lanceolata Poir., and Lecythis pisonis Cambess. Identification keys to the genera and species, descriptions, illustrations, photographic images, comments on the geographic distribution and phenology are provided.
Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Lacistemataceae
The study of Lacistemataceae is part of the Project “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil”. The family is represented in the area by only one species, Lacistema pubescens Mart. A description and an illustration, along with comments on the geographic distribution and ecological aspects of the species are provided.
Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Hydroleaceae
The taxonomic study of Hydroleaceae is presented here as part of the project “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. The family is represented in the area by a single species, Hydrolea spinosa L., and we present its description, illustration, as well as comments on distribution, habitat and phenology
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Caricaceae
The study of Caricaceae is part of the project “Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. The family is represented in the area by a single species: Jacaratia heptaphylla (Vell.) A.DC. A description and an illustration are provided, as well as comments on the geographic distribution, variability and ecological aspects of the species.
Cientific Note - It is time to overcome ableist terms in biology teaching: “impercepção botânica”/“plant unawareness”, as an alternative to “cegueira botânica/“plant blindness”
“Plant blindness” is a term widely accepted in biology teaching to express the inability of human beings to perceive plants in the environment, leading to devaluation and damage to botany teaching. However, criticisms have been raised, pointing out the ableist content of the term. For this reason, alternatives to “plant blindness” have been put forward in the English literature. As an alternative to “cegueira botânica” (“plant blindness”) it is proposed the term “impercepção botânica” in Portuguese (“plant unawareness”).
Flora Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Marcetieae (Melastomataceae)
This study aims to increase knowledge about the family Melastomataceae in the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais and, consequently, to add new data to the project “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais”. Marcetieae is a recently described tribe of Melastomataceae, represented in Brazil by 112 species and 18 genera, occurring predominantly in the savannas of the Amazon, cerrado and campo rupestre, rarely occurring in forest environments. At this date were registered at Serra do Cipó 15 species and six genera, Fritzschia is the richest genus with six species, followed by Marcetia and Siphanthera with three species each, and Aciotis, Acisanthera, Macairea are represented by only one species each. Identification keys to the genera and species, descriptions, field plates, and taxonomic notes including geographical distribution and habitat are presented.
Copyright (c) 2020 Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Monimiaceae
The taxonomic study of Monimiaceae is here presented as part of the project “Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. The family is represented there by two genera and three species: Macropeplus ligustrinus (Tul.) Perkins, Mollinedia argyrogyna Perkins and Mollinedia oligantha Perkins. We provide identification keys to the genera and species, descriptions, illustrations and comments on the geographic distributions, habitat, phenology and morphological variations.
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Grewioideae - Malvaceae
This study is part of the Project “Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. Grewioideae is one of nine subfamilies of Malvaceae. Distinct sepals without nectaries on the abaxial surface, presence of nectaries at the base of the petals and at the androgynophore, numerous stamens and dithecate anthers characterize Grewioideae. We found four genera (Apeiba, Corchorus, Luehea and Triumfetta) and five species (A. tibourbou, C. hirtus, L. divaricata, L. grandiflora and T. semitriloba) in the studied area. They differ in lifeform (trees or shrubs), flower size and fruit shape. Identification keys to identify genera and species, detailed descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments and a list of examined specimens are provided.
Flora of Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Compositae (Asteraceae)
The study of the tribe Microlicieae (Melastomataceae) is part of the project “Flora da Serra do Cipó”, Minas Gerais, Brazil. According to the most recent delimitation, Microliceae comprises the genera Chaetostoma, Lavoisiera, Microlicia, Poteranthera, Rhynchanthera, Stenodon and Trembleya. In the Serra do Cipó, five genera and 69 species were recognized. The richest genera are Microlicia (42 spp.), Lavoisiera (18 spp.) e Trembleya (7 spp.), while Chaetostoma and Rhynchanthera are represented by only one species. Key to the genera and species, descriptions, color plates, and comments on the geographic distribution, phenology and variability are presented. Additionally, Microlicia damazioi Brade is proposed as a new synonym under Microlicia cordata Chamisso.
Copyright (c) 2018 Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo
The study of the family Phytolaccaceae is part of the project “Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. In this area, the family is represented by the genera Microtea, Phytolacca and Seguieria, each with a single species in the area. Key to the genera, descriptions and illustrations, as well as comments on the variability and geographic distribution of the species are presented.
Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Cleomaceae
O estudo da família Cleomaceae é parte do levantamento da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Esta família está representada naquela área pelos gêneros Cleome, Dactylaena e Tarenaya, todos com apenas uma espécie. São apresentadas chave para gêneros, descrições e ilustrações das espécies, além de comentários sobre sua distribuição geográfica, fenologia e variabilidade.
Copyright (c) 2017 Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo
Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Asteraceae – Eupatorieae
O estudo da tribo Eupatorieae é parte de um projeto mais amplo denominado “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil”. Nesta área, a tribo está representada pelos seguintes gêneros e seus respectivos números de espécies: Acritopappus (1), Ageratum (3), Ayapana (1), Campuloclinium (1), Chromolaena (20), Disynaphia (1), Grazielia (1), Heterocondylus (2), Koanophyllon (1), Mikania (28), Praxelis (4), Pseudobrickellia (3), Stevia (3), Stomatanthes (1), Symphyopappus (6), Trichogonia (4) and Vittetia (1). Neste estudo apresentamos chaves de identificação para gêneros e espécies, descrições dos gêneros e espécies, comentários sobre taxonomia, distribuição geográfica, habitat e ilustrações das espécies.
Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Oleaceae
O estudo da família Oleaceae é parte do levantamento da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Esta família está representada naquela área por uma só espécie, Chionanthus crassifolius (Mart.) P.S.Green. São apresentadas descrição, ilustrações e comentários sobre a sua variabilidade e distribuição geográfica.
Florística e aspectos fitogeográficos dos "campos" do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá, São Paulo, Brasil
The savannic and grassland formations in the Domain of the Atlantic Forest in the city of São Paulo are still poorly studied. The highest areas of the State Park of Jaraguá (PEJ), between 905 to 1125 m above sea level, harbor a grassland formation that is vulnerable to human disturbance. The first floristic inventory carried out in PEJ in 2009 registered 55 species of shrubs and trees occurring in campo formation (grassland). The recent rediscovery of a rare species, Baccharis trineura Soria & Zardini, in the open areas of PEJ stimulated this floristic study of the vascular plants found there. The floristic list was then compared to other inventories from mountaintop grasslands and cerrados nearby, all within the Atlantic Forest Domain. This study also aimed to investigate whether the PEJ campos have an anthropic or autochthonous origin. Fieldwork was carried out twice a month throughout a year, along the 37 hectares of enclaves of open formations found in PEJ. This inventory produced a list of 242 native species belonging to 50 vascular plant families; 112 species are cerrado species, while 34 are ruderal. These comparison of these data to the floristic lists of other cerrados from mountaintops nearby revealed that the PEJ enclaves share 51 species with the cerrados of State Park of Juquery, 20 with the campos of Núcleo Curucutu of the State Park of Serra do Mar, 28 with the cerrado from Estação Ecológica de Santa Bárbara, 16 with the cerrados from Reserva Biológica de Moji Guaçu and 11 with the cerrado of State Park of Furnas do Bom Jesus. The high number of native species compared to the low presence of ruderals and exotic elements, as well as the presence of vulnerable species, indicates an autochtonous origin for the campos at PEJ. The high number of typical species of the cerrado flora and the high similarity with other cerrado vegetations found nearby, as well as the expressive number of pyrophytes indicate that the PEJ campos probably constitute disjunct patches of cerrado, a fire-driven open vegetation. A brief discussion of a likely relictual nature of this grassland formation is presented.
Ericaceae no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Apresenta-se um estudo taxonômico de Ericaceae do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (PEIB), localizado na Zona da Mata do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O PEIB é composto por um mosaico de vegetação do qual o campo rupestre compõe a fitofisionomia predominante. Foram registradas na área 18 táxons pertencentes a 17 espécies e três gêneros: Agarista chlorantha, A. ericoides, A. glaberrima, A. hispidula, A. oleifolia var. oleifolia, A. pulchella var. cordifolia, Gaultheria eriophylla var. eriophylla, Gaylussacia amoena, G. brasiliensis var. brasiliensis, G. chamissonis, G. decipiens, G. densa var. densa, G. densa var. oblonga, G. aff. fasciculata, G. pseudogaultheria, G. salicifolia, G. rhododendron e G. riedelii. Agarista ericoides, Gaylussacia riedelii e G. aff. fasciculata foram registradas pela primeira vez para o domínio da Floresta Atlântica. São apresentadas descrições das espécies, chaves de identificação, ilustrações de caracteres e comentários sobre distribuição geográfica, fenologia e taxonomia.
The taxonomic study of Ebenaceae is presented as part of the “Flora of the Serra do Cipó” project (Minas Gerais, Brazil). The region contains four species of the genus Diospyros: D. inconstans, D. ketun, D. lasiocalyx and D. sericea. The taxonomic treatment includes descriptions, illustrations and comments about habitat, distribution and phenology, and an identification key for species.
Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil. do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil
O Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (PEIB) faz parte do Complexo da Mantiqueira situado no sudeste da Zona da Mata Mineira e inserido no Domínio Atlântico, com predomínio dos campos rupestres, em altitudes entre 1000 e 1784 m. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo da família Verbenaceae na área, onde foram encontrados quatro gêneros e nove espécies: Lantana camara, L. fucata, Lippia hermannioides, L. lupulina, L. origanoides, Stachytarpheta sellowiana, Verbena bonariensis, V. hirta e V. litoralis. Registros recentes de L. hermannioides e S. sellowiana não foram encontrados e as coleções destas espécies datam de mais de 45 e 120 anos de ocorrência na área, respectivamente. Stachytarpheta sellowiana é considerada criticamente ameaçada e com ocorrência restrita para a região Sul da Serra da Mantiqueira.
Cunoniaceae no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Apresenta-se um tratamento taxonômico de Cunoniaceae no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, localizado no sudeste de Minas Gerais. A área de estudo faz parte do Complexo da Mantiqueira, Floresta Atlântica, e possui uma área de 1.923,5 hectares e um gradiente altitudinal variando entre 1.000 e 1.784 m. Sua vegetação compreende um mosaico de fitofisionomias, com predomínio dos campos rupestres. A família está representada por dois gêneros e três espécies: Lamanonia ternata, Weinmannia discolor e W. paullinifolia. São apresentadas descrições, chave de identificação, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, ecológicos e de distribuição geográfica para as espécies.
Série “FLORA DA SERRA DO CIPÓ, MINAS GERAIS”: trabalhos já publicados no Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo
Levantamento florístico de plantas aquáticas e palustres na Represa Guarapiranga, São Paulo, Brasil
O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a composição de plantas aquáticas e palustres no reservatório Guarapiranga, além de contribuir para o conhecimento taxonômico das espécies. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de julho/2008 a junho/2009, em 20 bancos de plantas aquáticas distribuídos ao longo de todo o reservatório. Em cada banco foram coletadas e registradas as espécies presentes. A comunidade de plantas aquáticas e palustres do reservatório é composta por 133 espécies, pertencentes a 89 gêneros, distribuídos em 45 famílias, sendo 127 de Angiospermas, 5 de Samambaias e 1 de Hepática. As famílias mais representativas foram Cyperaceae com 27 espécies, seguida de Poaceae (14) e Asteraceae (10). Das 67 espécies consideradas plantas daninhas ou infestantes, apenas 14 são subespontâneas ou naturalizadas, as demais 120 espécies são nativas, sendo 6 endêmicas do Brasil. O presente trabalho contribuiu significativamente para a Flora de plantas aquáticas e palustres, bem como para Lista da Flora do Brasil, registrando espécies que não haviam sido referidas anteriormente para o estado de São Paulo, além da apresentação de uma chave de identificação e descrições para as espécies presentes na área de estudo. Foi possível concluir que a Represa Guarapiranga possui uma elevada riqueza de plantas aquáticas e palustres.
Haustório, haustor, apressório, extensor:
The parasitic life form in plants is associated with the formation of an organ generically called haustorium, which is responsible for the connection between parasite and host. The great diversity of parasitic species - about 1% of living angiosperms - added to the diversity of potential hosts results in a multiplicity of structures, tissues and cell types peculiar to these interactions. However, it is frequent to observe that all this morpho-anatomical variety is approached under the use of few common terms and even with synonyms, but also with ambiguous terminology use and dubious or ontogenetically unproven homology. The use of publications originally written in other languages than Portuguese (i.e. English, mainly, Spanish, French, Italian, German), often being literally translated, dealing with false cognates and other linguistics influences have also caused some confusion. In order to promote a clearer and more precise use of terminology, in addition to performing a historical retrieval of original meanings, a compilation and restructuring of terms was carried out in the way they have been approached, in order to promote a better understanding of the nomenclature used. In addition, anatomical and ontogenetic studies have been carried out and compiled from the literature, then re-analyzed under a phylogenetic perspective. Based on our results and reflections, we present an illustrated and referenced glossary, with which we suggest a standardization of more adequate terms in the description of the parasite-host interface of several families in Portuguese language.
Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais
This paper is a contribution to the Project “Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil” for the Malvaceae sensu lato. Based on all collected and analyzed material through the last few decades and on the analysis of the vouchers, there are eleven species of Byttnerioideae in five genera (Ayenia, Byttneria, Guazuma, Melochia, Waltheria), one species of Sterculia (Sterculioideae) and two species of Helicteres (Helicterioideae) in this range, totalizing thirteen species of seven genera in the three subfamilies. Identification keys to subfamilies, genera and species, as well as diagnostic descriptions, illustrations and updated comments on the geographic distribution and ecology of the taxa are presented.
Copyright (c) 2019 Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo
This study is part of the Project “Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil”. Bombacoideae is one of nine subfamilies of Malvaceae sensu lato, characterized by a nectariferous tissue situated inside on the base of the calyx, on petals or on the androgynophore. Trees with compound leaves characterize the subfamily. Three genera (Ceiba, Eriotheca and Pseudobombax) and eight species (C. pubiflora, C. speciosa, E. candolleana, E. macrophylla, E. pubescens, P. campestre, P. longiflorum and P. majus) were found in the studied area. They differ by floral characters such as number of free or united stamens in the staminal tube and by articulate or inarticulate leaflets. Eriotheca and Pseudobombax were the most representatives. Keys to identify genera and species, detailed descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments and a list of examined specimens are provided.
Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl from Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil
Winteraceae is a characteristic element of montane flora of Central and South America. In Brazil, this family comprises only the genus Drimys, with three accepted species. Considering the importance of taxonomic studies for conservation of remaining montane fragments in Atlantic Forest and the necessity to expand studies of this family in Brazil, this study presents the floristic treatment of Winteraceae for the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeast Brazil. In this region, there is only one species, Drimys brasiliensis, with its majority of collection records (86.7%) concentrated on conservation units (state and national) and with the largest sampling effort condensed in the southern portion of the mountains. Descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic commentaries (including comparisons among species occurring in Brazil) and biogeographical considerations are provided.