Caracol is an open-access scholarly journal published twice a year and classified as Qualis CAPES A3 in the field of Linguistics and Literature for the 2021–2024 four-year assessment period. It is published by the Area of Spanish Language and Spanish and Hispanic American Literatures of the Department of Modern Languages, Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo — FFLCH-USP. Dedicated to Hispanic studies, the journal publishes original scholarly works in Portuguese or Spanish in the fields of Spanish Literature, Hispanic American Literature, Spanish Language, and Translation, including articles, essays, reviews, interviews and, occasionally, documents or rare texts of interest to academic debate. The journal seeks to foster dialogue among researchers from Brazilian and international institutions and to expand the national and international circulation of scholarly production in its field.
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
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Literature of the movement: the Bolivian narrative of migration
This article develops the idea that part of Bolivia's contemporary literary production can be considered a “literature of movement” since it focuses on configuring diverse modes of migration, numerous ways of figuring spatialities tied to particular subjective representations. In this text, I will present two movements in particular: on the one hand, the impact of the arrival of foreigners to national soil and, on the other, the imagination, the desire, of migration; the narration of the moment before this migration occurs. To this end, I designed a corpus restricted to the stories “La venezolana” (The Venezuelan) (2022) by Rodrigo Urquiola Flores, “Cuando llueve parece humano” (When it Rains It Seems Human) (2021) by Giovanna Rivero, and the novel Seúl, São Paulo (2021) by Gabriel Mamani Magne.
Dossiê: Migrações de corpos, línguas e identidades
Copyright (c) 2026 Magdalena González Almada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Migraciones de cuerpos, lenguas e identidades
Copyright (c) 2026 Pablo Fernando Gasparini, Cristina Burneo Salazar, Meritxell Hernando Marsal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Em torno aos 100 anos de Marinero en tierra: leituras e releituras
This dossier offers a critical reflection on the centenary of Marinero en tierra, Rafael Alberti’s inaugural book, addressing both the impact of its appearance in the Spanish poetic scene of the 1920s and the diverse reverberations it has generated throughout the twentieth century and in contemporary criticism. Rather than treating the work as a fixed historical milestone, the contributions gathered here approach Marinero en tierra and its surroundings as a radiating core of aesthetic, historical, and cultural questions that traverse Spanish poetry, the experience of Republican exile, and its dialogues with other literary traditions, particularly the Brazilian one. The dossier brings together comparative perspectives, studies of intellectual and sociability networks, analyses of Alberti’s poetry and prose, reflections on exile as a symbolic and historical condition, and close readings of key works by the poet. Organized along a trajectory that moves from broader mappings to more specific analyses, this issue articulates tradition and avant-garde, memory and displacement, historical inquiry and aesthetic reassessment, thus contributing to current debates on the lasting relevance of Rafael Alberti’s work one hundred years after the publication of Marinero en tierra.
Copyright (c) 2025 Margareth Santos, Mayra Moreyra Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Orthographic Fluctuation in the Literature of the Val de Xálima (Cáceres, Spain): the Cases of Frades Gaspar and López Fernández
The Val de Xálima is located in the northwest of Extremadura, on the border with Portugal and Salamanca. In this region, Fala, a language of Galician-Portuguese origin that also displays features of Asturleonese and neighboring Portuguese, continues to serve as a means of daily communication. Although this language has been extensively studied within the field of philology, local literary production has received little scholarly attention. This article therefore examines the influence of the Spanish orthographic system on a language with the aforementioned origins but lacking an official standard. Specifically, the study focuses on the writings of F. Severino López Fernández and Domingo Frades Gaspar, two of the most prominent authors from the Val. Their orthographic choices are analyzed using a list of items proposed as the alphabet of Fala. In this way, the analysis highlights the conflict resulting from the adoption of a Spanish-based orthographic system that lacks graphemic resources to represent certain phonemes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prof.ª Dra. Ana Alicia Manso Flores https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Displacements, disappearances, and other national problems: notes on poems by Elvira Hernández from the 1980s to the present days
This article provides a brief analysis of Elvira Hernández's poetic journey, highlighting her critique of Chilean national construction, with an emphasis on the relationships between language, territory, and violence. Based on a reading of the poem “La tierra no” (2025), set in the context of the disappearance of Mapuche leader Julia Chuñil Catricura, the text proposes connections with the author's previous works, such as La Bandera de Chile (1981), Santiago Waria (1992), and Seudoaraucana y otras banderas (2017). By mobilizing resources such as irony, repetition, and idiomatic hybridization, Hernández highlights the conflict between official discourses and marginal historical experiences, and participates, through poetry, in contemporary political disputes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Helena Capriglione Zelic
Disobeying through Language: the linguistic insurgency in The Sound of The Jaguar’s Roar, by Micheliny Verunschk
In this article, we analyze the novel O som do rugido da onça (2021), by Micheliny Verunschk, highlighting the linguistic innovations developed by the author as a strategy to destabilize hegemonic discourse surrounding historical events in Brazil. By narrating the abduction of Indigenous children by European scientists, Verunschk introduces elements of Indigenous languages into a Portuguese-language narrative, adopting a non-Eurocentric perspective. The analysis is primarily based on the reflections of Gloria Anzaldúa (2009), according to whom language must correspond to a way of living, and Walter Mignolo (2003), through the concept of bilanguaging. For both authors, language is not limited to an element of collective identity tied to a geographical territory,but also functions as an instrument of disobedience to the colonial project. Thus, we examine how Verunschk’s work, by fictionalizing a historical event from a non-Eurocentric perspective, employs language as a tool to destabilize structures of power.
The extraterritorial writer and language change on the horizon of contemporary literature
This paper aims to present a series of reflections related to language shift in the extraterritorial writer—one of the most relevant manifestations of plurilingual poetics in contemporary literature. Although its origin is tied to the multiple instances of displacement brought about by travel, exile, diasporas, and migrations beginning in the 20th century and continuing into the 21st, a clear manifestation of this phenomenon required a shift in the relationships between language, writing, and nationhood. These changes reveal the new dynamics introduced by the 20th century, between a mother tongue and the national community to which it belongs, and, as a consequence, call into question the speaker’s presumed ownership of their native language.
Copyright (c) 2026 silvia Cattoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Piñen by Daniela Catrileo: toward a Conflictive “New Mestizaje”
This article analyzes Piñen, by Daniela Catrileo, as an act of dissident enunciation in which Mapudungun strategically disrupts Spanish in order to render colonial memory visible and affirm a dual linguistic and cultural belonging. From the diasporic urban space of Santiago de Chile, the narrators of the three stories resignify Mapuche heritage through a decolonial redefinition of mestizaje, where languages do not merge but instead enter into a productive tension. This friction, rather than hindering the future, activates it as a space of transformative potential.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilse Logie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Radiations from a Center. Interview with José Antonio Mesa Toré, Director of the Generation of '27 Cultural Center
Entrevista a José Antonio Mesa Toré - Director del Centro Cultural Generación del 27
Copyright (c) 2025 José Antonio Mesa Toré, Margareth Santos , Mayra Moreyra Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Library of a Generation. Interview with Javier La Beira Strani, director of the Library of the Generation of '27 Cultural Center
Entrevista a Javier Strani - Director de la Biblioteca del Centro de la Generación del 27
Copyright (c) 2025 Javier La Beira Strani , Margareth Santos, Mayra Moreyra Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Francophonies and créole: Yanick Lahens and the “decolonisation of knowledge”
In March 2019, in her Leçon inaugurale at the Collège de France, writer Yanick Lahens described a feature that is characteristic of Haitian society and has been essential to its literature since the mid-19th century: the cultural and social divide that has made it difficult to establish a sense of national “us”. In a country that has been dominated by the French language since its early days of independence, the desire for a national “we” is undoubtedly closely linked to the question of language. Taking the novel Bain de lune as a starting point, this article examines the implications of defending Créole without criticising the French language. The debate is different, focusing on a reimagining of the concept of “national literature”, which, by incorporating the discussion on the language of writing, necessitates a fresh perspective on francophonies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maya González Roux https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sariri: identity in motion of the Aymara traveler in ayllu, city and virtuality
The Aymara people are characterized by pride in their identity, supported by the preservation of their cultural forms. Therefore, in the absence of a state, they call themselves the “Aymara Nation”, which transcends political boundaries and embraces itself as an ethnic nation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the representation of affirmative and wandering identity in contemporary Aymara poetry in three spaces: ayllu, city, and virtuality. This article explains their condition as a people (jaqi), their language (aru), and their people (marka). It also explains how this conception of identity interacts with the dynamic processes of migration (ayllu-city) and with the temporalities of modernity (the internet). To this end, we will use the Aymara concepts of chuymani (heart-entries-feeling-thinking), ch'amaña (strength), pacha (time and territory), and saraña (walking). With this, we aim to demonstrate that contemporary Aymara poetry affirms identity. It also presents a vision open to temporal and spatial modulations, but also questions disintegrative modernity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mauro Felix Mamani Macedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How to Write a Grieving Body: mourning and nature in Los llanos by Federico Falco
This essay explores the relationship between mourning and nature in Los llanos by Federico Falco, in order to address the narrator’s central question: how to write a grieving body? Contrary to certain readings —and to the narrator’s own romantic longing— the novel, it is argued here, does not find an answer in agricultural labor or in the temporality of the land. Rather, Los llanos presents, both rhetorically and aesthetically, a profound dissonance between the grieving subject and the surrounding natural world. To develop this idea, the essay focuses on three key axes where this dissonance manifests: language (syntax), time (rhythm), and labor (of mourning, of the field). A close reading reveals that the novel’s strength lies in its unresolved oscillation between the time of the plains and the time of grief, between the untranslatable language of nature and the impossible language of loss. Finally, the analysis of the novel will allow for the development of some reflections on the temporality of grief.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nicolás Garayalde https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linguistic rights as a key categoryfor social justice: foundations foran engaged sociolinguistic
This article examines the concept of linguistic rights (LLRD) as a key category for social justice. It aims to explore the theoretical, epistemological and political dimensions that converge in the formulation and contestation of the paradigm of DLLR. The method used consists of a critical-conceptual analysis based on specialized literature and philosophical approaches from critical sociolinguistics and linguistic rights studies. The study focuses on the academic debates that disqualify DDLL as a reified notion and questions the epistemological foundations of such criticisms. The results show that qualifying DDLL as a reified category implies a misinterpretation of the concept of reification, which in its original formulation alludes to the reification of human beings and not to theoretical categories. The analysis argues that concepts are theoretical constructions that should be evaluated for their discursive function, not denied in their existence. It concludes that the concept of DDLL remains a necessary tool for naming, interpreting and transforming the injustices affecting speakers of minoritized languages. Recognizing them as part of the human rights framework contributes to the construction of more just and inclusive societies in multilingual and postcolonial contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nila Vigil Oliveros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utopias of memory. Dispossession and survival of the ethos in Pequeño Decamerón Nivaclé (1981), by Miguel Chase-Sardi
The Nivaclé communities of Gran Chaco inhabit territories occupied since the nineteenth century by the Argentine and Paraguayan States. Towards the end of the 1970s, the anthropologist Miguel Chase-Sardi carried out an ethnographic work in which he collected stories of the Nivaclé orature, transcribed, organized and published them under the suggestive name of Pequeño Decamerón Nivaclé, postulating with this title a literary statute for the resulting corpus. The anthology, made up of stories narrated by different members of the communities, is choral in nature and presents a diversity of themes, generics and styles. This paper aims to analyze the changes that are manifested between the different generations represented in the narratives, with emphasis on the cultural disputes and changes in habits that arose at that time of the collection due to the advance of colonial-modern practices and the agrarian frontier.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laura Destéfanis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Migration-As-Travel: re-thinking Transit Migration through Migrant Narratives
This article examines two testimonies written by undocumented migrants (El viaje del Pollo: la odisea por el sueño americano (2014) by Fabián Quito and Sobrevivientes: Ciudadanos del mundo (2018) by Pascal Ustin Dubuisson) which narrate their journeys through unconventional tropes such as the figure of the tourist, the adventurer, and the notion of cosmopolitan citizenship, in order to propose the idea of migration as a form of precarious cosmopolitan travel. Drawing on the theory of the autonomy of migration and Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of “minor literature,” it argues that these testimonies go beyond their denunciatory function and operate as epistemic interventions that reconfigure the ways in which migrant transit is represented. The article suggests rethinking migration beyond the grammar of trauma, integrating new ways of feeling, narrating, and politicizing human displacement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria José Gutierrez Jimenez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Migrant Performativity and the Coloniality of Gender in Huaco retrato by Gabriela Wiener
This article analyzes Huaco retrato by Gabriela Wiener from an intersectional perspective, understanding migration as a gender performance that activates a process of identity decolonization. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Butler, Lugones, Fanon, and Hartman, it argues that the protagonist embodies a subjectivity marked by racialization, foreignness, and affective dissidence, turning her body into a living archive of colonial violence. The novel subverts traditional narratives of mestizaje, motherhood, and the heteronormative family through practices such as polyamory and autofictional writing. In contrast to discourses that seek to integrate the migrant subject, Wiener presents structural and unresolved foreignness, where identity is rebuilt through conflict. Huaco retrato, therefore, becomes a space of critical experimentation that destabilizes normative categories of gender, race, and belonging, situating itself within a dissident migrant literature that challenges hegemonic ways of narrating the body and memory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jorge Ignacio Cid Alarcón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Translingual Poetics: hybrid laboratories for foreign languages classrooms
This article narrates the emergence of translingual poetics as a force of dislocation within the foreign language classroom, based on a conceptual framework drawn from Anzaldúa (2016), Diegues (2007), and Bueno (2022). Rather than viewing languages as closed and fixed systems, this study embraces hybridity and poetic experimentation as a path to reinvent living dialogues in multilingual contexts. The research was developed through literary creation laboratories at the University of Cauca (Colombia) and the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil), with students who spoke Spanish, French, English, and Portuguese. In these settings, the transit and mutation between linguistic repertoires enabled new ways of writing and inhabiting the borders of language. The multilingual texts produced in the laboratories opened epistemological, embodied, and affective spaces that may serve as a radical alternative within language classrooms in Latin American contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Profa. Sandra L. Chacón Flor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Topographies of overflow: border and portuñoles
This article explores the territory of the Uruguay-Brazil border through images such as: estuary; sea; river; wind; dust, which recur in the works of various artists. From this perspective, we consider geography and the relationships of writers and musicians with their environments through spatial and linguistic relations that, in turn, speak to the identity, ecosystems, nonhuman lives, and spoken language of border populations, especially those on the urban periphery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lina Gabriela Cortes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Travel, borders, and migrations: literary space as territory(ies) in transit
In this article, I analyze the literature produced by authors who challenge the notion of mother tongue by adding a second or third language to their repertoire, one that may or may not correspond to the territory where they reside. In this linguistic transition, writers such as Ernesto Quiñonez, Paloma Vidal and Laura Alcoba construct literary projects with porosities that overflow concepts such as identity, nation, and language. These are authors of Latin American origin who, due to migratory movements related to their families, had to settle in another place, with another language, and from this linguistic ambivalence, they began their writing projects. The presence of voices from the past with their current lives proposes a work that cannot be reduced to a space tied to a single territory. It is, therefore, a literature without a fixed place and in which languages ​​are in constant movement. Through the novels Bodega dreams (2000), Algum lugar (2009) and Le bleu des abeilles (2013), I seek to show how a poetics of movement (Ette, 2018) is constructed, which finds in literary language a way to overcome the borders of a national literature and claims a multiple, unfinished identity, always in transit.
Copyright (c) 2026 Santiago Toral Reyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fernando Ortiz: mulatez of language and fugues from stylistics. An invasion from below
This article focuses on some of Cuban intellectual Fernando Ortiz’s positions on questions of language and poetry, understood as intertwined problems. Drawing on some of Ortiz’s fundamental contributions, such as Catauro de cubanismos (1923) and the series of articles later brought together in Epifanía de la mulatez (2015), I examine the tensions that arise, in Ortiz’s perspective, from the consideration of elements belonging to subaltern sectors in the Americas, especially those related to the African presence in the Caribbean, for the construction of a homogeneous imaginary of language and poetry. I place this perspective in dialogue with other American positions, such as those of the Cuban writer Lezama Lima and the Argentine Ezequiel Martínez Estrada, as well as with selected aspects of the thought of Antonio Gramsci and Mikhail Bakhtin.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diego Bentivegna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enclosure and/in movement in Roberto Bolaño’s Literature
This article analyzes how enclosure and movement are put into tension in the work of Roberto Bolaño, especially in Amuleto. Through a critical and theoretical approach grounded in authors such as Gloria Anzaldúa, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Judith Butler, and Rita Segato, the aim is to understand confinement not only as a physical limitation, but as an aesthetic, affective, and epistemic movement. The border, as a liminal figure, is central to understanding the characters’ errancy and the narrative structure constructed by Bolaño, insofar as it shapes a space of both creation and crisis. Literature, in this sense, emerges as a practice of survival, fabulation, and displacement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francielly Baliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hispanic-Brazilian Generational Dialogues: Survey of the Presence of the Generación del 27 in Brazil
This article proposes the mapping of a research on the Brazilian Generation of 45 and the Argentine Generation of 42, considering, in this case, the known interlocutions with the current Garcilasista and the Spanish Generation of 27, which is not the first case, and something remains to be investigated. The Brazilian poetic context of the second Post-war, an emerging generation, as well as the most representative names from our avant-garde two years later revealed in their works a neoclassical turn refined with a tendency corresponding to the aforementioned Argentine generation, like Garcilasismo. In view of this, research into translations, poetic homages and critical studies in Brazil on the Geração of 27. We are also interested in the most effective exchanges between Brazilian and Spanish poets, such as Murilo Mendes, Rafael Alberti and Damaso Alonso (the latter a translator of Brazilian poets).
Copyright (c) 2025 Vagner Camilo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecopoetry in Resistance: Excesses, Heterolingualism and Biopoetics in Ruge el Bosque
This paper analyzes a selection of ecopoems included in the first two volumes of the Ruge el Bosque anthology project (2023, 2024). The corpus, composed of plurilingual and transnational writings, proposes a biopoetic reconfiguration of human–world relationality while simultaneously challenging hegemonic Spanish. Through the articulation of minoritized languages, alternative epistemologies, and ontologies, these texts configure an aesthetic-(glotto)political project that (re)narrates the resistance of subalternized lives and languages in a context of environmental crisis, where biodiversity loss parallels linguistic erosion. Organized into two zones of reading—zones of sacrifice and zones of contact—the poems by Valeria Mussio and Isabel Zapata address the persistence of life in territories devastated by industrial and nuclear contamination, while the works of Fabián Severo and Martín Tonalmeyotl activate heterolingual poetics of resistance in border and minoritized languages such as Portuñol and Nahuatl.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dra. Melisa Stocco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In Favor of Sexual Liberation and Against Repressive Societies: a Reading of "Gratas Veladas de Sociedad" in the Manuel Puig Archive
Between 1974 and 1976, Manuel Puig chose Mexico as his destination for his exile. Banned in Argentina and deprived of his primary audience, he focused on inserting himself into the local cultural scene through numerous literary and dramatic endeavors that evoked Mexican culture. This part of his work was dubbed by critics as the "Mexican Cycle" and includes scripts, plots, stories, musicals, and novels produced during or immediately after his stay, while he maintained contact with the country through sporadic visits from New York to complete commissioned writing work. Among the Mexican projects preserved in his archive is Gratas Veladas de Sociedad (1975), a story about the relationship between a mother and son who must hide his homosexuality for the sake of their upper-class social position.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prof. Lic. Martín Villagarcía https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kingushpa Rimana Kanki, a way to get home
Ecuador is one of the countries that make up Abya Yala, the Americas. Eighteen indigenous peoples and fourteen indigenous nationalities inhabit this territory; we maintain diverse forms of communication, yet our linguistic diversity is steadily eroding. Kichwa is one of the most widely spoken languages in communities located in the Andes and in parts of the Amazon, though with distinct regional variations. In recent years, within the spectrum of indigenous and non-indigenous identities, discourses have emerged advocating for a “mix” that challenges identity—that is, the idea that those who no longer speak the language are no longer part of an indigenous population. In light of this debate, this article aims to discuss the fragility of the identity of the peoples of Ecuador, contrasting a racist society with an essentialist indigenous population. What forces come into play when defining an identity?
Copyright (c) 2026 Mgtr Wayra Ana Ercilia Velásquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Not Understanding the City of Childhood: Beatriz Sarlo, Memoirs of an Intellectual
Copyright (c) 2026 Natan Schmitz Kremer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
And if there were a translation at the center, thenwhat?: appropriation and translingualism in Otono (sic) (2017), by Luis Moreno Villamediana
This article seeks to study the ways in which appropriation and translingualism are executed as aesthetic procedures in the work Otono (sic) by the Venezuelan poet Luis Moreno Villamediana (1966). In it, through the use of materials from various poetic works, the notions of ownership and authorship are disfigured, while simultaneously expressing a perennial foreignness. Furthermore, the poem’s construction as a thinking entity exists as a theory of its translation process in continuous versions. In this way, I seek to emphasize translation as a mechanism from which appropriation emerges, which is reiterated, with different features, in the cases analyzed in the work, promulgating a poetics to be classified within 21st-century Venezuelan poetry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Jesús Alexander Montoya Omaña https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Viagens às planícies de Maynas, Chachapoyas e Pará: via Amazonas (1841-1843), by Manuel Ijurra
Resenha do livro Viagens às planícies de Maynas, Chachapoyas e Pará: via Amazonas (1841-1843), de Manuel Ijurra.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luzia Antonelli Pivetta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Un grande abrazo: Review of La Amistad, Patria de los Sin Patria: an unpublished epistolary edited by Barbara Greco
O epistolário La Amistad, patria de los sin patria, composto por correspondências entre María Teresa León, Rafael Alberti e Max Aub, e editado por Barbara Greco, constitui um testemunho raro e significativo da prática epistolar entre intelectuais espanhóis exilados após a Guerra Civil Espanhola. O conjunto reúne 44 cartas, quase todas manuscritas, de María Teresa León; 3 cartas de Rafael Alberti; 3 cartas de Aitana Alberti León; e 30 cartas de Max Aub. Redigidas em contextos de deslocamento geográfico e político, essas cartas não apenas documentam as relações pessoais entre León, Alberti e Aub, mas configuram um campo discursivo em que a amizade construída nesse distanciamento opera como forma articuladora de pertencimento simbólico e de continuidade subjetiva.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raphael Boccardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0