Treblinka II através dos testemunhos escritos, artísticos e orais de sete prisioneiros judeus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-8051.cllh.2025.234878Palavras-chave:
Testemunho, Vítimas, Sobreviventes, Kommandos judeus, Shoah, Prisioneiros judeus, Aktion Reinhardt, Treblinka IIResumo
Dos três campos da Aktion Reinhardt (Bełżec, Sobibór e Treblinka II), Treblinka II é o campo de extermínio no qual o maior número de vítimas judias foi assassinado (entre 870.000 e 925.000 homens, mulheres e crianças judias). Os testemunhos angustiantes e pungentes dos poucos prisioneiros judeus que conseguiram fugir são uma fonte inestimável para a pesquisa sobre a Shoah. Neste artigo, apresento os três campos da Aktion Reinhardt (destacando o elevado número de vítimas judias e o baixo número de sobreviventes), fazendo uma distinção clara entre Treblinka II (campo de extermínio) e Treblinka I (campo de trabalho), ao mesmo tempo que descrevo as três ‘secções’ de Treblinka II (área de recepção, campo 1 e campo 2 – onde se encontravam as câmaras de gás). Baseio-me na historiografia de Treblinka e, acima de tudo, nos testemunhos escritos, artísticos e orais de sete prisioneiros judeus que foram forçados a trabalhar em Treblinka II (Jakub Krzepicki, Eliahu Rozenberg, Richard Glazar, Abraham Leib Bomba, Chil Rajchman, Kalman Teigman e Samuel Willenberg). Além disso, discuto os problemas que podemos encontrar ao usar os testemunhos das vítimas e sobreviventes, argumentando que esses testemunhos são uma fonte inestimável e de valor incalculável tanto sobre Treblinka quanto sobre a Shoah.
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