O que os dados paleoecológicos nos dizem sobre o Antropoceno na Amazônia?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.202438112.009Palavras-chave:
Paleoecologia, Arqueologia, Thresholds do Antropoceno, AmazôniaResumo
Recentemente, Roberts et al. (2023) definiram três thresholds socioeconômicos que teriam sido a base do Antropoceno no mundo: o primeiro, entre 4.000 e 1.000 AEC, relacionado ao início da agricultura; o segundo, entre 0 e 1.500 EC, relacionado ao urbanismo e à consolidação demográfica das populações humanas; e o terceiro, entre 1.500 EC e o presente, associado ao avanço do colonialismo e do capitalismo. Neste artigo, discutimos os resultados de estudos paleoecológicos realizados em quatro regiões da Amazônia conhecidas por apresentarem altas concentrações de sítios arqueológicos (os geoglifos do Acre, os campos elevados da Guiana Francesa, as terras pretas do Baixo Tapajós, e os sítios de zanja em Iténez, Bolívia), e avaliamos o que eles nos dizem sobre a natureza desses thresholds e como eles podem nos informar sobre o Antropoceno amazônico. Concluímos que os maiores e mais destrutivos impactos antropogênicos têm acontecido no período colonial, especialmente nos últimos 50 anos, associados à incursão de economias capitalistas nestes locais. Em contraponto, as práticas de manejo indígenas, que começam a ser visíveis a partir de cerca de 2.500 AEC, e se tornam altamente transformativas a partir de cerca de 0 EC, conseguiram manter serviços ecossistêmicos vitais e aumentar a agrobiodiversidade da sua vegetação, construindo - ao invés de destruindo - relações com os outros seres vivos.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Jennifer Watling, S. Yoshi Maezumi, Myrtle P. Shock, José Iriarte
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