The Reviews guiding proposal is to leverage knowledge and critique for social progress, both for Brazilians and for other developing peoples.
Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados
Estudos Avançados não celebra contrato de cessão de direitos autorais com seus colaboradores, razão pela qual não detém os direitos autorais dos artigos publicados. Os interessados em reproduzir artigos publicados na revista devem necessariamente obter o consentimento do autor e atribuir devidamente os créditos ao periódico.
Razão, técnica e (des)informação: os vetores das crises contemporâneas
Copyright (c) 2026 Tatiana Dourado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Propósito e valor dos acervos fotográficos ao redor do mundo - hoje e no futuro
Copyright (c) 2026 Sergio Burgi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Permanecer bárbaro de Louisa Yousfi: insurgências contra a domesticação civilizatória
Copyright (c) 2026 Morgane Reina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sociologia da normalização política: a extrema-direita na França
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabio Mascaro Querido https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
O que fazer com os clássicos da sociologia? diagnóstico e prognóstico
This article examines the transformation of the role of classical authors in sociology, highlighting its epistemological, methodological, and pedagogical implications. In the first part, it analyzes the change in the function of these authors within the theoretical field, characterizing it as the emergence of a new discursive regime (negative heuristic) and a diffuse consensus that shapes the contemporary scientific ethos. In the second part, it proposes a positive heuristic for the reflection and teaching of sociological theory, focusing on: (1) the reassessment of the relationship between the self-referential and hetero-referential dimensions in the classics’ analyses of modernity; and (2) the recovery of plural analytical models as instruments for investigating and systematizing sociological theories developed during the phase of genesis and institutionalization of the discipline.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Eduardo Sell https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Revolução Burguesa no Brasil: 50 anos de um clássico difícil
The essay discusses the book A Revolução Burguesa no Brasil on its fiftieth anniversary. It argues in favor of Florestan Fernandes’ book’s status as a classic, and more than that for the topicality of his thesis on bourgeois autocracy. A brief comparison with Raymundo Faoro’s Os donos do poder seeks to clarify the adverse reception conditions of Florestan’s book in the context of the democratic transition that was taking place at the time.
Copyright (c) 2026 André Botelho, Antonio Brasil Jr. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Por uma sociologia provocadora (de respostas)
The emergence of sociology occurred at a time of crisis. Indeed, it is a science marked by crisis contexts. Suffice it to mention some of its representatives, who experienced moments of war and conflict, such as the classics of sociology - K. Marx, E. Durkheim, M. Weber - and, later, R. Dahrendorf, P. Bourdieu, N. Elias, and others. Recalling P. Bourdieu’s definition, sociology is a combat sport. Due to the rapid changes in the contemporary world, we are led to believe that our mission is to provide answers to the problems that afflict us from the everyday sphere, from the most distant, and even the unknown. Contrary to this conception, the proposal of this text - taken from the opening conference of the 22nd SBS Congress -, is to contribute to a sociology that provokes responses, in which sociological work is in a constant process of critical and self-critical dialogue with the theories and methods adopted, and the observation points of social reality are not taken as fixed, deterministic, but as moving and probabilistic.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Aparecida de Moraes Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Esperançar o presente: sobre futuros inéditos e viáveis
The article discusses how the crisis of modern progress and the diagnosis of the Anthropocene put hope back at the center of contemporary ethical and political debate. Starting with Krenak, it contrasts futuristic Western temporalities with existential horizons that open up the present as a space for action. It dialogues with authors such as Han, Eagleton and Waldow, Berguès and Chandler, showing that current hope is “gloomy”, distinct from optimism and oriented towards action in the now. The text then confronts Paulo Freire and Ernst Bloch: although both think of hope as opening up the “not yet”, Bloch tends towards a cosmological and speculative utopia, criticized by Eagleton, while Freire insists on the empirical, situated and pedagogical roots of hope. For Freire, hope is a historical, critical and collective practice, which produces “viable unprecedentedness”, avoiding both fatalism and abstract utopianism. The article shows that his pedagogy operates as a politics of time, linking past, present and future without determinism. It concludes that this concrete hope - existential, critical and oriented towards the present - offers ethical and political alternatives to face contemporary impasses without capitulating to cynicism or resorting to apocalyptic or escapist illusions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bruno Souza Leal, Ana Regina Rego https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A dialética do visível e do oculto na cibercultura
This theoretical article explores the fundamental characteristics of the underworld of cyberculture. The concept refers to processes and trends observed in the irreversible wake of violence against women on erotic websites operating in a legal vacuum. The theme is approached through a dual dimension: epistemological and empirical. The argumentation captures the socio-historical significance of the cyberculture underworld, focusing on its modus operandi and its multilateral consequences, ranging from structural disinformation to psychosocial implications. The results reveal a global architecture of impunity sustained by illegitimate contracts and fake news that appropriate progressive agendas. The reflection introduces new aspects to the topic, aiming to enrich previous studies and contribute to mitigating the harms of violence against women in cyberculture. It concludes that resistance requires transnational regulation, critical media literacy, and public policies prioritizing human rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Priscila Gonçalves Magossi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A “mortigrafia” de Lampião e Maria Bonita: considerações sobre a musealização do trágico (1938-2023)
In this article, we will analyze the trajectory and musealization of the human remains of Lampião and Maria Bonita, focusing on the historical, ethical, and museological aspects associated with the exhibition and preservation of these remains. The objective is to analyze the debates on the treatment of the human remains of Lampião and Maria Bonita, considering the historical, scientific, and ethical implications of their musealization. To achieve this objective, we use methods such as historiographical review and qualitative analysis of historical documents, interviews, and reports related to the topic. The main results highlight the ongoing debate about the exhibition of the remains, marked by ethical issues and historical narratives that oscillate between the consumption of tragedy and the search for dignity for those envolved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jô Veras Closs, Mariana Matera Veras, Mariana de Carvalho Dolci, Jéssica Tarine Moitinho de Lima, Jair Theodoro Filho, Flavio Pinheiro Martins, Cintia Fridman, Mercedes Okumura, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conceição Evaristo e os arredores de Insubmissas lágrimas de mulheres
This article presents and analyzes the book of short stories Insubmissas lágrimas de mulheres, by the black Brazilian writer Conceição Evaristo, which must be understood from economic-social, racial and patriarchal structures that explain the social place destined to black women in capitalist societies. In this book, they are the ones who communicate and reflect on the experience of being a woman and black within the white supremacist and capitalist patriarchy. This tales narrate the daily life and history of these women in a politicized way. The objective of this article is to compose a critical analysis of racism and patriarchy in Evaristo’s text.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ianá de Souza Pereira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trauma e culpa nos hibakusha: um estudo da memória de Keiko Ogura
The core of this article is a psychological examination of hibakusha testimonies specifically the story of the a-bomb survivor Keiko Ogura. In order to carry out this examination special attention was given to two psychological phenomena that are central in the understanding of these memories: trauma and the feeling of guilt. Trauma will be approached as an excessive experience that left behind traumatic enigmas and thus required an appropriation of the past in both its biographical and historical-political dimensions in an important attempt to give some form and meaning to the incomprehensible event that was lived by survivors. Through that process many hibakusha were taken by the feeling of anguish, which sometimes led them to organize themselves as guilty, a feeling that in most cases gave them an inordinate or distorted sense of responsibility. Both trauma and guilt were central elements in the suffering od survivors, nevertheless, they have also proposed ways of dealing with the atomic event.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cristiane Izumi Nakagawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A invisibilidade social como desrespeito na teoria do reconhecimento de Axel Honneth
Axel Honneth puts forward an epistemological reformulation of recognition theory by looking at social invisibility, taking inspiration from Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man. For Honneth, invisibility isn’t about a literal lack of being seen, but rather a symbolic form of disrespect: the act of “looking right through” someone denies them recognition as a valid moral and social subject. This experience constitutes a silent form of violence that undermines the development of identity and self-confidence. The author argues that recognition isn’t just about cognitive identification, but a public expression of affective and moral appreciation, conveyed through gestures, facial expressions, and attitudes. Such social visibility is a prerequisite for justice and dignity in human relationships. Recognition is a meta-action: it expresses the ethical commitment to act with respect for others. Social invisibility, therefore, is the pathology of a world where a person’s worth ceases to be perceived and affirmed. Honneth thus proposes an ethics of recognition rooted in intersubjectivity and sensitive to the affective dimensions of social life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arthur Meucci; Axel Honneth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Um intérprete da experiência contemporânea: Paul Ricœur e a compreensão do sofrimento
In this text, Paul Ricœur seeks to clarify the understanding we have of the human, as a being capable of suffering, to endure suffering. For this, the author is not based on clinical experience or nosography of mental disorders, but resorts to the most common and universal human experience of suffering. Ricœur assumes as premise of his reflections the consideration that only those who can act can also suffer. From it, it adopts as a working hypothesis that suffering consists in the reduction of the power to act. Outlining a hermeneutic phenomenology of suffering, Ricœur examines the signs of this decrease in the domains of the word; the action itself; the narrative and the self-esteem of itself. The author also examines how suffering occurs as a change in the relationship with oneself and with others. Suffering gives rise to thought: it interrogates, summons, teaches. But what does it teach?
Copyright (c) 2026 Caroline Fanizzi, José Sérgio Fonseca de Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
No gueto e na favela: duas canções, dois retratos da violência
One of the most prominent characteristics of both American and Brazilian societies is a large inequality in their citizen’s living conditions, in spite of a large qualitative and quantitative difference in the ways and proportions this inequality materialize in these two countries. If, on the one hand, a small percentage of the population owns a huge part of the wealth produced by society, on the other hand, many people live on incomes that are at or below what is necessary for their survival or that of their families, and a growing number of human beings are relegated to exclusion and sub-citizenship. For excluded ones, the only way out they can see to try to change the situation they have been in since birth is to commit crime. However, the reaction of state agents, other criminals, and some ordinary people is almost always to repress them with utmost violence. This article analyzes how two popular songs, one American and the other Brazilian, portray this problem, reflecting on how they humanize the victims of this violence and contribute to raise awareness among the general public about the social reality of the United States and Brazil.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adriano de Paula Rabelo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Polícias em conflito: “pluralismo policial” e os vetos a reformas na segurança pública
This study investigates the institutional dynamics that hinder democratic reforms in Brazil’s Military Police forces after 1988. While police resistance to institutional change is well-documented, there is a gap in understanding the mechanisms through which it materializes. To address this, I analyze two cases: the Proposed Constitutional Amendment 51/2013, which aimed at structural reform, and the Pacifying Police Units in Rio de Janeiro, an example of incremental reform. The analysis reveals a common dynamic: the segmentation of police forces into formal and informal interest groups, each controlling a share of state coercion and leveraging this control as a source of political influence, leading to a multiplicity of actors with veto power. Based on the theoretical framework of state pluralism (Arantes, 2015), I propose the notion of “police pluralism” to describe how conflicts among these groups contribute to obstructing institutional change.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julia Maia Goldani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A centralidade da prisão nas relações entre crimes violentos ao patrimônio e o PCC
Research that aimed to understand the relationships between violent crimes against property and the First Command of the Capital (PCC). The analysis of the “salves” stands out, documents written by hand by leaders who are in prison with recommendations and orders among members of the São Paulo faction. It was found that violent criminal actions against property are not institutionally organized by the PCC, but consist of operations by individual members. There would be relations with the PCC due to the control that this faction currently has in the Brazilian prison universe. It is through the networks formed by the prison that the recruitment of gang agents for robberies takes place, as well as the lending of weapons to the gangs. Therefore, through the results of this research, prison can be affirmed as a space that brings together personal networks and opportunities for participation in violent crimes against property.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leonardo José Ostronoff https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Narcoterrorismo e narcoestado: genealogias, usos políticos e riscos analíticos frente às facções no Brasil
This article critically examines the political uses of the terms narcoterrorism and narco-state in Latin America, tracing their origins in U.S. security agendas and their contemporary power effects. It argues that narcoterrorism functions mainly as a rhetorical and geopolitical device with limited analytical consistency, legitimizing exceptional policies, external interventions, and civilizational framings of violence. The notion of narco-state may retain contextual descriptive value for specific forms of institutional capture linked to illicit economies, if used carefully and without securitizing generalizations. The Brazilian case illustrates how criminal groups generate forms of armed governance that cannot be equated with terrorism, requiring analytical distinctions between expressive violence, institutional capture, and illicit markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francisco Thiago Rocha Vasconcelos, Ricardo Moura Braga Cavalcante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright (c) 2026 Sergio Adorno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“E viva a vida!”, a dialética das cartas
Copyright (c) 2025 Hugo Almeida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Tania Regina de Luca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Educação sob cerco: impactos do controle territorial do tráfico e da milícia sobre o desempenho escolar
We investigate the effects of territorial control by drug factions and militias on learning. There is evidence that crime and violence undermine educational opportunities and outcomes, but the impacts of organized crime are still poorly understood. We analyze the performance of elementary school students in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, using a Historical Map of Armed Groups. Our results indicate that armed groups have a strong negative effect, with greater losses in militia-controlled areas. The impacts are larger in higher socioeconomic strata, and there are indications of possible cumulative effects over the life cycle. We show that organized crime undermines socioeconomic development and perpetuates cycles of inequality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rogério Jerônimo Barbosa, Valéria Cristina de Oliveira, Michel Misse Filho, Luana Maria de Matos Calzavara, Ana Julia Aguiar Oliveira Guimarães, Carolina de Medeiros Queiroz, Maria Isabel MacDowell Couto, Daniel Veloso Hirata, Andressa Fioravanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Violencias y tramas estatales: la vida cotidiana de niños y jóvenes en barrios populares
Based on a trajectory of teaching, research, and intervention experiences with young people from low-income sectors who participate in the youth centres of a Buenos Aires district, in this paper we focus on the dense web of violence -heterogeneous and ambiguous- that punctuates their daily lives. Considering these wefts of violence with their temporalities, intensities and moralities, their complex relationships with the State, its norms and agents, and the impact they produce in the daily lives of youths from popular sectors seeks to highlight the need to understand these experiences in a framework that goes beyond subjectivist perspectives and that does not stop at statements about structural determinations or a flat look at the role of the state. Based on a reconstruction of the socio-historical context of inquiry and fieldwork scenes that show the experiences and perspectives of young people on violence, we argue that to understand the complex, heterogeneous, productive and ambiguous nature of violence, it is necessary to offer a slow look that stops at the minor, everyday register of the games that create precariousness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Valeria Llobet, Florencia Paz Landeira, Marina Medan, Florencia Gastaminza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Olhares e perspectivas sobre educação e imigração em Portugal: do Ensino Básico ao Ensino Superior
In recent years Portugal has asserted its status as a country of immigration, which is reflected in the education system, through the increase in foreign students in basic, secondary and higher education, and in the policies and strategies implemented. This reality poses opportunities and challenges in terms of adaptation and school success. There are inequalities among immigrant students, with disadvantaged foreigners having lower success rates, more failures, risk of dropping out of school, short career pathways in secondary education and not pursuing higher education. To bridge discrepancies in school performance between indigenous and immigrant children and young people, measures were introduced to promote equality and integration and increased programs to attract international students to higher education and the legal framework for the recognition of academic degrees and diplomas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria da Conceição Pereira Ramos, Natália Ramos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
El acompañamiento educativo invisible: las presencias de las madres marroquíes en la escuela en Cataluña (España)
Research on the schooling of migrant boys and girls has paid special attention to family-school relations. However, research has rarely incorporated the family and gender perspective. The specific role of mothers and their presence at their children’s side throughout the school process is still an aspect that remains to be studied. This article is part of this line and presents some results gathered in the framework of a doctoral thesis carried out in Catalonia (Spain). The research has been able to collect, over 5 years, the life stories of 50 mothers of Moroccan origin, and to identify the strategies they have developed in their social integration processes, as well as the forms of school accompaniment for their children. The results of the research reveal a reality that challenges teachers and researchers by questioning certain preconceptions about what happens in homes and community spaces outside schools. The research also raises the need to establish holistic frames of reference that allow for the intersection of gender, immigration and socio-educational accompaniment processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatiha El Mouali, Marta Bertran, Jordi Pàmies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
La escuela en(tre) Bolivia y Argentina: aportes desde un trabajo etnográfico, dos viajes y una experiencia colaborativa
In this text we caracterize the processes of schooling in migration contexts based on the investigation in a Buenos Aires neighbourhood with a high amount of population coming from Bolivia, two trips to the home-towns of this population and the collaborative experience in a radio. We registered the strength of references to the communitary form in the home-territories and the way in which it continues present as a organization parameter, of social relationships and also of upbringing and schooling in the new territory that this populations inhabits. From this register we reflect on the images of the educated subject and the demands that the bolivian families and organizations pose to the argentinian schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriela Novaro, María Laura Diez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Estudantes de origem imigrante no Ensino Médio público: o desempenho escolar em questão
This article aims to discuss the academic performance of students with an immigrant background. After a brief review of studies on the topic, the results of research carried out in a public school in São Paulo are presented. In the first part, the report cards of High School students, Brazilians and those with an immigrant background of all nationalities, are analyzed; in the second, the grades of Bolivians and children of Bolivians in the 3rd year of high school and EJA are analyzed and discussed based on interviews carried out with these students. Analysis of the report cards showed that immigrants had higher averages and lower failure rates. The grades and interviews with Bolivians and children of Bolivians revealed different performances and paths, but the majority expressed the intention to continue their studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lineu N. Kohatsu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Um ofício regido pela palavra: Paul Ricoeur, educação e linguagem
The article “The Word is My Kingdom” by Paul Ricoeur, originally published in Esprit in 1955, presents ideas on educational issues that we find relevant today. Beginning with a contextual analysis of the educational reform in France, the French philosopher extrapolates this situation, placing the essence of the teaching profession in the word (parole) shared between generations (what should endure despite any reform). The essay also discusses the economic instrumentalization of education, rejecting a purely adaptive role for it. In this work, one can find central insights into Ricoeur’s thoughts regarding intellectual labor, the role of the teacher, and the significance of language in education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Denizart Busto de Fazio, Geison Amadeu Loschi, José Sérgio Fonseca de Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Júpiter vibrando o raio” em defesa do método português de A.F. de Castilho
In this article we present the trajectory of the Portuguese Method, the criticisms attributed to it in Portugal, mainly by teachers, and the defense strategies of António Feliciano de Castilho and his followers in favor of what they considered as the Modern Method as opposed to the old. We address Castilho’s proposal, born on the island of São Miguel (in the Azores), which expanded to other Portuguese territories when he assumed the role of disseminating it through various means: what, at first, he called Sudden Reading (1st edition) and then the Castilho Method (2nd edition). Later, it became known as the Portuguese Method (3rd and 4th editions). It is concluded that the adoption of teaching methods, rather than trying to present innovations to the teaching and learning of reading, constituted, as in the case of the Portuguese Method, spaces of disputes between those who defended reforms in teaching and those who preferred to maintain current practices and knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cesar Augusto Castro, Carlota Boto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Não-lugar literário: o espaço provisório da literatura na Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Aiming to identify the treatment dedicated to literature in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC, in Portuguese), this study proposes a debate about the small space that the document reserves for the area. To this end, we are guided by the concept of “non-place” which, in Augé (2005), corresponds to an environment in which utilitarianism and transience prevail, that is, a space that is both crowded and empty, which as a physical structure actually exists, but without identity construction, nor relational and/or historical value. By confining literature to the “literary non-place” and making empty, controversial and, at times, impractical recommendations to the artistic-literary field, the BNCC works both to exhaust access to literature in the educational sphere - since it contributes to the erasure of this art in this space - and also contributes to, in disguise, directing it towards the path of market utility and other neoliberal ideals, whose main effects are the reduction or even nullification of the formative powers of this art. Imbued with intricate perspectives, gathered in a text of little consistency, in the new BNCC, literature not only fails to achieve the prominence of plural art but is also (in)opportunely weakened, driven to oblivion or even directed towards a purpose far removed from it.
Copyright (c) 2025 Antonio Ismael Lopes de Sousa, Ana Cristina Teixeira de Brito Carvalho, Geane Martins Mendes, Lilian Castelo Branco de Lima, Márcio Araújo de Melo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0