Persistência estrutural da inflação brasileira em regime de bolhas fiscais

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-53575614amm

Palavras-chave:

Curva de Phillips, Inflação, Inércia, Bolha de dívida pública, Política fiscal

Resumo

Estimamos uma curva de Phillips híbrida permitindo mudanças ocasionais no coeficiente da inflação passada e no coeficiente da expectativa de inflação, em que as mudanças nos coeficientes estão associadas ao comportamento explosivo e formação de bolhas de dívida pública. Para dados mensais de janeiro de 2002 a novembro de 2023, utilizando o IPCA como medida de inflação, constatamos que a ocorrência de bolhas de dívida pública eleva significativamente o coeficiente da inflação passada, implicando maior perda de produto e menor eficácia da política monetária para atingir a meta de inflação. Constatamos uma subestimação do coeficiente da inflação passada. Em particular, observamos que o coeficiente da inflação passada varia entre 0,24 e 0,77 na literatura padrão, entretanto, tendo-se em conta o comportamento explosivo da dívida pública, o coeficiente aumenta significativamente para 0,99: a condição fiscal explica parcialmente a dinâmica da inflação, caracterizada pela persistência e o nível de inflação. Na ausência de bolhas de dívida pública a inércia é significativamente menor, contribuindo favoravelmente para o alcance das metas de inflação com menor perda de produto e ganhos de credibilidade. Empregamos métodos que são robustos à presença de (múltiplos) instrumentos fracos e heterocedasticidade. Não há indícios de instabilidade nos coeficientes nem erros de especificação. Empregamos pré-testes formais para quebras estruturais e estacionariedade, aspectos frequentemente negligenciados na literatura.

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25-03-2026

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Marques, A. de M. (2026). Persistência estrutural da inflação brasileira em regime de bolhas fiscais. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 56(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-53575614amm