O Japão como potência pacífica: nacionalismo, equilíbrio de ameaças e a busca pela autonomia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.ej.49.p100-120Palavras-chave:
Japão, Nacionalismo, Exército, SegurançaResumo
A proposta do Japão de aumentar seus gastos militares reflete uma mudança substancial na política de orçamento para defesa do país. A ascensão do nacionalismo desde os governos de Koizumi (2001-2006) e Abe (2006-2007 e 2012-2020) em uma busca por maior autonomia do país em relação a questões externas, além das ameaças percebidas pelo Japão em seu entorno estratégico pela Rússia, China e Coréia do Norte são motivos que apontam para essa maior militarização do país. Esse artigo analisa o projeto de remilitarização do Japão à luz do nacionalismo e das mudanças no ambiente de balança de ameaças do Japão e como essa militarização se insere na busca japonesa por autonomia na arena internacional. O argumento é que a militarização do Japão é uma resposta à percepção de ameaças e não constitui abandono dos princípios estabelecidos pela Doutrina Yoshida e pela diplomacia baseada em valores do Arco da Liberdade e Prosperidade, dado os constrangimentos externos e internos do país no que diz respeito a adoção de uma política externa agressiva. Mais além, nesse contexto o nacionalismo é usado como uma ferramenta discursiva para posicionar o país como uma nação pacífica alinhada com o “Ocidente”, mas não dependente deste.
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