Considerações acerca do debate em torno do argumento do terceiro homem no Parmênides de Platão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-9471.v10i2p33-44Keywords:
Platão, teoria das Ideias, Parmênides, argumento do Terceiro Homem, autopredicação, não-identidade.Abstract
O argumento do Terceiro Homem presente no Parmênides constitui uma formidável objeção à teoria das Ideias, e, como se sabe, Platão não nos legou uma resposta explícita para esta dificuldade. Nas últimas décadas o argumento foi esmiuçado por comentadores, tornando-se comum subdividi-lo em algumas etapas lógicas: os princípios da autopredicação, não-identidade e “um sobre muitos”. Dado que o regresso infinito provenha do encadeamento dos três princípios referidos, quem pretenda afirmar que o argumento não constitui uma objeção definitiva à teoria das Ideias não pode aceitar que estes três princípios integrem, conjuntamente, a filosofia de Platão. Diante deste quadro, empreendemos neste trabalho um exame crítico das contribuições de alguns eminentes platonistas para o problema em questão.
The Third Man Argument found in the Parmenides is a formidable objection to the Theory of Forms, and it is well known that Plato left us no explicit answer to it. In recent decades the argument was scrutinized by commentators, becoming commonplace to divide it into some logical steps: the principles of self-predication, non-identity and “one over many”. Since the infinite regress arises from the combination of these three principles, those who want to defend that the argument is not a definitive objection to the Theory of Forms cannot accept that these three principles integrate Plato’s philosophy simultaneously. As such, in this paper we undertake a critical examination of the contributions of some leading Platonists regarding the problem at hand.
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