Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa, 'Portuguese Philology and Linguistics', active since 1997, publishes philological and linguistic studies focused on Portuguese, with a view to contributing to the investigation on languages in general. Some of the areas covered in previously published materials are textual criticism, paleography, codicology, diplomatic, historical linguistics, grammar, rethoric, discourse analysis and linguistic historiography. The journal offers all articles in open access with no charges, and is indexed in nine scholarly databases. Read more about our editorial policies and about how to submit an article.
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
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Variation in Portuguese: Exploring the case of ditransitive verbs with Nanosyntax
This paper presents a very introductory analysis of variation in the expression of the Dative case and in constructions with ditransitive verbs across different varieties of Portuguese. To do so, it employs a novel theoretical framework for handling this type of data: Nanosyntax. The article begins by justifying the interest in the Dative case and by introducing the origins and contexts in which the different varieties of Portuguese examined here arise and are used. Both for data collection and for the construction of the theoretical framework, exploratory and bibliographic research methodologies are used. Thus, nanosyntactic proposals that deal with the representation of morphological cases and prepositions in different languages are revisited, and the data that will serve as the basis for the initial analyses are presented. The corpus of analysis includes, specifically, five varieties of Portuguese: European Portuguese, Angolan Portuguese, Mozambican Portuguese, Standard Brazilian Portuguese, and Popular/Afro-Brazilian Portuguese. As a result of this preliminary research, some possible generalizations are proposed regarding the distribution of the Double Object Construction (DOC) and the different prepositions that express the Dative in Portuguese. The paper concludes by raising a few questions that remain unanswered and pointing to possible developments for future work.
Copyright (c) 2025 Valdilena Rammé https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Gramáticas brasileiras da segunda metade do século XX e seus horizontes de retrospecção: a questão do pleonasmo
Neste texto, a partir da articulação entre História das Ideias Linguísticas (HIL) e Análise do Discurso (AD), analisamos a Moderna Gramática Portuguesa, de Evanildo Bechara (1961) e a Nova Gramática do Português Contemporâneo, de Celso Cunha e Cintra (1985). Compreendemos a gramática como instrumento linguístico proveniente de um processo de gramatização (Auroux, 1992), de modo que prescreve e instrumentaliza a língua. Guimarães (1996) periodiza a gramatização brasileira em quatro períodos, e nosso recorte coincide com o quarto período proposto por ele, caracterizado pela inserção da linguística no currículo obrigatório dos cursos de Letras e criação das primeiras pós-graduações na área. Objetivamos analisar o conceito de pleonasmo nessas gramáticas e os exemplos ligados a ele. Sendo um conceito que gerou divergência entre gramáticos desse período e anteriores, vemos nele um terreno propício para, a partir do entendimento do horizonte de retrospecção de Auroux (1992), que é a afirmação que um saber filia-se a outro, analisar nessas obras os horizontes de retrospecção atrelados aos conceitos de ambas e as proximidades e afastamentos entre os conceitos e as filiações dos gramáticos.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Daniel Dias Rodrigues, Rogério Modesto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Volume 27, no. 1, of the journal 'Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa' brings together eight articles addressing a range of topics, namely: philology, abbreviations, toponymy, terminology, discourse analysis, children’s writing, and phonology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sílvio de Almeida Toledo Neto, Paulo Ângelo Araújo-Adriano, Marcus Vinícius Moreira Martins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Alternation and restriction in French adverbial ‘-ant’ constructions: a syntactic-aspectual account
This article investigates the distribution of the ‘participe présent’ (Ppr) and the gérondif (Ger) in French adverbial ‘-ant’ constructions, with a focus on the phenomena of alternation and restriction between these two forms. The analysis combines a syntactic perspective — inspired by descriptions of adverbial clauses in Portuguese (cf. Lobo, 2003; 2006; 2013; Móia; Viotti, 2004) — with an aspectual approach grounded in lexical semantics (cf. Vendler, 1957; 1967; Comrie, 1976; Dowty, 1979; Smith, 1997, 2019; Rothstein, 2004). It is shown that the alternation between Ppr and Ger is not free, but simultaneously conditioned by the level of adjunction of the subordinate clause and by the aspectual nature of the predicate. The Ppr corresponds to peripheral constructions associated with readings of anteriority and non-intentional causality, whereas the Ger configures integrated constructions that favor interpretations of manner or simultaneity. The findings indicate that only achievement predicates allow alternation, while activities, states and accomplishments show systematic restrictions. The study concludes that the distinction between Ppr and Ger in adverbial contexts is grammatically encoded in French and results from the interaction between syntax and lexical aspect.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fernanda Cruzetta, Patricia Rodrigues https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ordering 2nd and 3rd conjugation verbs in Spanish through the imperfective
The goal of this article is to order Spanish 2nd conjugation verbs (verbs with a theme vowel ‘-e’) with respect to 3rd conjugation verbs (with ‘-i’ as a theme vowel). I will argue for an ordering 1st-3rd-2nd for Spanish, and I will discuss which evidence we have with respect to whether 1st conjugation verbs (with ‘-a’ as the theme vowel) have the biggest or the smallest verbal exponents. The argumentation will lead me to differentiate two exponents for alternating vowel verbs, which are homophonous under certain phonological conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Antonio Fábregas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Counting roots: an analysis of Portuguese cardinal numbersfrom the perspective of Distributed Morphology
This article proposes an analysis of the derivation of cardinal numerals in Portuguese from the perspective of Distributed Morphology and argues in favor of the semantic content of roots. Based on the description of the data, the analysis maintains that the roots that form numerals have semantic content consisting of the cardinality they express. Thus, the meaning of derived words depends on the underspecified core meaning of the root and on the structure in which it is embedded. In Portuguese, numerals can function as arguments (“três é um número primo”) or as predicates (“Eu vi os dois meninos”). In this analysis, this contrast is explained by the categorization of the root, which may be carried out by a nominalizer or an adjectivizer. Both simple and complex numerals are analyzed. The former refers to those formed from a root and a categorizer (“nove, quarenta, cem”), whereas the latter refers to those formed by compounding (“dezesseis, duzentos”), coordination (“vinte e três”), and adjunction (“dois mil”). I propose that List 3 contains interpretive instructions for complex numerals that reflect encyclopedic knowledge about the functioning of the decimal system. Thus, restrictions on root selection are explained in terms of the semantic content of the root and encyclopedic knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliana Vignado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
"The selection of this subject to write an interesting paper" - a study on non-deverbal complex event nominals
The aim of this paper is to propose a compositional and detailed analysis of the internal structure of nominal forms with eventive meaning in Portuguese, following Medeiros (2024). Of particular interest for this study are nominals that, by morphological criteria, are not deverbal, and yet pass the tests that identify the so-called complex event nominals (Grimshaw, 1990; Borer, 2013). Examples include nouns such as ‘seleção’ (‘selection’), which derives the verb ‘selecionar’ (‘to select’), and ‘captura’ (‘capture’), which derives the verb ‘capturar’ (‘to capture’). We will propose here that such nominal forms lack an internal verbal (or adjectival) layer, and that the nominalizer itself (little n; Marantz, 1999) may be interpreted as introducing the event reading, depending on the elements syntactically combined with it (Marantz, 2013; Medeiros, 2024).
Copyright (c) 2025 Alessandro Boechat de Medeiros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
On the trail of ‘tomara (que)’ from the 13th to the 20th century: from grammaticalized construction to interjection
Through data analysis from the 13th to the 20th century, available in the ‘Corpus do Português’ database, we deal with the construction ‘tomara (que)’ linked to four parallel processes that led it to the expression of desire in Portuguese: (i) expansion of semantic fields; (ii) expression of irrealis modality (through the conjunctive, conditional and volitive values); (iii) paradigmatic narrowing to the first person and (iv) selection of an inalienable argument or one referring to a state of affairs. Theoretically, we looked for classifications of ‘tomara’ in the grammatical literature and based ourselves on postulates in a constructionist approach, as the form-function pairing, which is essential for understanding the route from the grammaticalized construction ‘tomara (que)’ to the interjection. We considered 956 data, observing that the construction began to be used from the 16th century onward, with the meaning of desire, although there are a few earlier modal uses. At the same time, we observed uses of ‘tomara’ predominantly in the first-person postposed, in addition to a greater incidence of an inalienable internal argument or referring to a state of affairs in recent centuries. Semantic spreading, modal value, paradigmatic narrowing and metaphorization contribute to the grammaticalization of the structure, although the argument selection typical of more distant uses persists, that means the construction continues to select a sentence object, until it becomes an interjection itself.
Copyright (c) 2026 Márluce Coan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Structural challenges of diminutive light verb 'dar' constructions: Revisiting Scher (2004), Medeiros (2008, 2010) and Alves (2016, 2022)
This paper analyzes light verb constructions (LVCs) with ‘dar’ (‘give’) in Brazilian Portuguese that display a diminutive effect (e.g., “dar uma olhada” ‘to have a look’). Within the framework of Distributed Morphology, this work critically reviews the proposals in Scher (2004), Medeiros (2008), and Alves (2016, 2022), arguing that the formalization of diminutivization and its structural limits still lack a full explanation. To address part of this issue, a new structure for the ‘–da’ nominalizations is proposed, arguing that they do not have participial nature, given that they reject its irregular allomorphy (e.g., “dar uma abrida/*aberta”). The analysis also demonstrates that the diminutive effect does not appear to be inherent to these nominalizations but rather seems to depend on the establishment of the LVC with ‘dar’. Additionally, the requirement of the indefinite article for the diminutive reading is contested, showing that the effect persists even with definite determiners. Finally, the study concludes from the literature review that the production of diminutivization must depend on the interaction between the light verb and its complement noun, indicating the need for approaches that integrate these elements to capture the scope and restrictions of these constructions with a diminutive interpretation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinícius Vieira Cabral, Ana Paula Scher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A metaphorical study of the terminological repertoire of the Maranhão religious manifestation Tambor de Mina
This study aims to analyze the terminological metaphors of the Maranhão religious manifestation Tambor de Mina. In this regard, works in the field of Tambor de Mina were used as a basis, especially the works of Ferretti (2012; 2025); in the field of Terminology, based on the Communicative Theory of Terminology (TCT) by Cabré (1995, 1999); and in the field of metaphor, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (TMC) by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). As methodological procedures, scientific works related to Tambor de Mina practiced in Maranhão and the Tambor de Mina Glossary were selected. For analysis, the following metaphorical terms were chosen: ‘to lower’, ‘to fall into the mine’, ‘factory’, ‘jewel’, and ‘to pull’. Based on the analyses, it was possible to observe that metaphor, as a fundamental cognitive mechanism, serves as a powerful tool in constructing meanings across various cultural contexts. In the world of Tambor de Mina in São Luís, the language—rich in symbolism and tradition—is permeated by metaphors that shape the understanding of religious and social concepts, connecting the sacred, the natural, and the human.
Copyright (c) 2025 Theciana Silveira, Henrique Adriano Moraes Lima, Laís de Paula Freitas Carvalhêdo, Laize Oliveira Ferreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Once upon a time… Direct speech in children’s writing
Based on Authier Revuz’s (2004) reflections on enunciative heterogeneity, this study proposes an exploratory analysis of direct discourse (dd), highlighting the way in which children, in the acquisition of writing, represent different voices in their narratives. The overall objective is to investigate the emergence of DD in children’s writing. This objective was developed into the following specific objectives: (i) to verify whether children use and graphically indicate dd; if so, (ii) to investigate how this marking is performed; and, finally, (iii) to identify possible regularities and variations in the way children register different voices present in their narrative texts. The study, interpretive in nature, adopts a descriptive approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Forty-five texts written by elementary school children are analyzed, based on the proposal: “Narration of a suspense story”. The analysis indicates that children, at this stage of schooling, tend not to register, through DD, the voices that permeate their narratives; when this registration occurs, the child’s writing transitions between the creative use of unconventional marks and adherence to normative/prescriptive conventions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Milena Machado Martins, Cristiane Carneiro Capristano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Notes for the study of the documentary typology ofinquisitorial manuscripts
In this article we present elements for studying the documental typology of a set of 93 autograph documents produced in the context of the activities of the Lisbon Inquisition, carried out in Bahia. This work aims to propose a glossary for the documental types identified in the collection under study, based on the glossary of documental species proposed by Bellotto (2008). The research is bibliographic in nature, based on the study of some documental species to establish the documental types into which they are divided within the scope of the activities of the Tribunal do Santo Ofício (Tribunal of the Holy Office) in Bahia, and descriptive, by characterizing the structure and functionality of the texts in order to identify their documentary species and establish their type. This proposal is justified by the scarcity of research that specifically considers the documental typology of inquisitorial manuscripts. Therefore, it is expected that this study will be an enlightening starting point for the development of other research that considers related texts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosana Carvalho Brito, Zenaide de Oliveira Novais Carneiro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Neighborhood names: a study on the historical formation of the toponymy of the City of Belo Horizonte (1897-1961)
This study analyzed the historical formation of the inventory of 356 toponyms referring to neighborhood names of the City of Belo Horizonte attested between 1897 and 1961, taking as reference an adaptation of taxonomic model of Dick (1990b) and the principle-based approach of Cambraia and Seabra (2024, 2025). The hypothesis was tested that this formation followed the principles of structuring urban toponymy established by Cambraia and Seabra (2024, 2025) for the naming of basic public spaces (streets, avenues and squares) in the same location, which was partially confirmed by the data: there are similarities in relation to the principles of uniqueness, universality, limited extension, impersonality, morality, significance, legibility, relevance, topic relationship and semantic charge, but there are differences in relation to the principles of stability, legality, continuity, thematic unity, supletivity and anthropotoponymic vector.
Copyright (c) 2025 César Nardelli Cambraia, Lucas Cristino Drumond https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
I know what you did last summer: a discursive analysis of a particitation in Brazilian politics
In this study, we aim to investigate the discursive functioning of the statement “I know what you did last summer”, which has circulated within the Brazilian political scene in recent years. The theoretical framework employed is based on French Discourse Analysis, with a particular focus on the concepts of aphorising enunciation. The corpus consists of excerpts from print, television, and digital media in which the statement and its potential variations appear. Given that, in the corpus, occurrences of the statement are not introduced by verb dicendi and its interpretation requires the activation of a thesaurus, the reason why we argue that it corresponds to a particitation. From a classificatory standpoint, the analyzed utterance does not fit into any of the canonical particitation families.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luís Rodolfo Cabral https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Superscript characters abbreviations in eighteenth-century letters
The abbreviations by superscript letters in 18th century Portuguese are analyzed, with the aim of finding consistent uses by the copyist of abbreviation strategies by superscription. The hypothesis tested is that there are patterns when abbreviating a lexical item, and that the choices made by the copyist regarding the letters that are selected to be overwritten, as well as their quantity, are not random. The corpus used is the Manuscript PBA-749 from the National Library of Portugal, which title is Primeiro copiador das respostas dos senhores governadores desta capitania [minas gerais] às ordens de s[u]a mag[esta]de, e contas que lhe dãoão que principia no governo do sen[h]or Antonio de Albuquerque Coelho de Carvalho. Based on an exhaustive vocabulary of the abbreviations in the document, we selected the 3,793 occurrences of suspension abbreviations. Then, using the theoretical-methodological framework of René Pellén (2005), we examined all the occurrences in depth, looking for rules that could be generalized, thus helping us to better understand not only the brachygraphic system of the time, but also the 18th century Portuguese language. We conclude that abbreviations by superscript letters are not done arbitrarily, and that there are recurring norms and formulas that can be quantified and given generalizing qualitative analyses.
Manuscript PBA-479 (National Library of Portugal)
Copyright (c) 2025 Aléxia Teles Guimarães, Christiane Benones de Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Voiceless variants of the coronal /s/ in barrodurense speech: an analysis of linguistic conditioners
This article investigates the palatalization of /S/ in coda position, offering a sociolinguistic analysis of the phenomenon. This study is grounded in Variation Theory, drawing primarily on Labov (1972), Weinreich, Labov and Herzog (2006), and Mollica (2021). Phonological description of the relevant variants follows Autosegmental Phonology with an emphasis on Feature Geometry (Clements; Hume 1995), while the treatment of /S/ palatalization is informed by Brescancini (1996), Scherre and Macedo (2000), Hora (2016), Lima (2017), and Cunha and Sales (2020). The corpus comprises 1,118 tokens of the variants [s] and [ʃ], gathered through recorded individual interviews and a word-list reading task with 16 participants. Data were statistically analyzed using ‘GoldVarb X’. Results indicate that palatalization of /S/ is chiefly conditioned by a following coronal /t/. Other factors also reached statistical significance—medial coda, disyllabic words, pretonic position, labial vowels, and dorsal vowels—although their apparent effects seem to stem from interference by the aforementioned following context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carliane Barbosa dos Santos Silva, Ailma do Nascimento Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Crónica do Xarife Mulei Mahamet as a Source for Linguistic Research on Classical Portuguese: an Exploratory Study
This article analyses linguistic variation in three witnesses (M, L1, and E) of the Crónica do Xarife Mulei Mahamet e d’el-Rey D. Sebastião (CXMM), a historiographical text from the late 16th century. The study is part of the Projeto Sebástica Manuscrita (PSM), which aims, among other objectives, to create a corpus for the study of Classical Portuguese (Pt-Cl). The analysis revealed both phenomena already documented in historical linguistics literature and potential new directions for studying linguistic change in Pt-Cl. The results suggest that CXMM, due to the breadth of linguistic variation observed, is a suitable source for diachronic studies. Regarding the characterization of the witnesses, the study confirmed that the older witnesses (M and L1) preserve more archaic linguistic features, while the most recent witness (E) innovates in most of the aspects analysed. Furthermore, the systematic presence of Castilianisms in M supports hypotheses about its copying context, as proposed in Lombardo (2025). This study thus reinforces the relevance of the corpus envisioned by PSM in deepening our understanding of linguistic change in Pt-Cl, highlighting the need for analyses that integrate both variant and non-variant readings.
Crónica do Xarife Mulei Mahamet e d’El-Rey D. Sebastião
Copyright (c) 2025 Elena Lombardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Apresentação: Estudos em Fonética e Fonologia
O volume 26, número 2, da revista Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa apresenta um conjunto de onze trabalhos que abordam temas concernentes à área de Fonética e Fonologia. Trata-se de um volume temático que abrange, em sua grande maioria, artigos que são frutos de trabalhos apresentados no V Encontro Intermediário do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) de Fonética e Fonologia da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Letras e Linguística (ANPOLL), realizado na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em São Paulo (SP), nos dias 06 e 07 de dezembro de 2022, e no Encontro do GT de Fonética e Fonologia realizado no âmbito do 37o Encontro Nacional da ANPOLL (37o ENANPOLL), no período de 03 a 05 de outubro de 2023, na Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), em Niterói (RJ). Os organizadores do volume são Ronaldo Mangueira Lima Júnior (UnB - Universidade de Brasília) e Flaviane Romani Fernandes Svartman (USP - Universidade de São Paulo), respectivamente, coordenador e vice-coordenadora do já referido GT no período de realização dos eventos mencionados. Os trabalhos do presente volume versam sobre temáticas diversas da área de fonética e fonologia do português e de línguas em contato e de línguas estrangeiras adquiridas como língua adicional por falantes nativos do português brasileiro, tais como: aspectos segmentais e suprassegmentais de variedades brasileiras e de línguas africanas em contato com o português, processos fonológicos do português brasileiro, relação entre fonologia e ortografia em português brasileiro, questões de produção e percepção na aquisição de língua estrangeira por falantes nativos de português brasileiro e aspectos fonético-fonológicos, de natureza segmental e suprassegmental, da fala atípica em português brasileiro. Tais trabalhos são uma amostra representativa do estado da arte dos estudos em fonética e fonologia realizados no Brasil e estão dispostos, neste volume, na ordem especificada a seguir.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ronaldo Mangueira Lima Júnior, Flaviane Romani Fernandes Svartman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
O volume 26, n.º 1, da revista Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa reúne artigos sobre diferentes temáticas, tais como filologia, crítica textual, análise do discurso, fonologia, funções sintáticas e linguística histórica. Abre-se o volume com o artigo intitulado O estudo diplomático de manuscritos de e sobre mulheres na América Portuguesa: cartas, respostas e informações. As autoras Beatriz de Freitas Cardenete, Elisa Hardt Leitão Motta e Vanessa Martins do Monte fazem uma análise diplomática de cartas, respostas e informações, datadas do séc. XVIII ao séc. XIX e redigidas na América Portuguesa. Nas cartas, escritas por mulheres, as respostas e as informações vêm anexadas a requerimentos movidos por mulheres. Embora os textos estudados tenham estruturas semelhantes, um exame diplomático atento leva as autoras a concluir que se trata de documentos de tipologias distintas. Em Os processos referenciais à luz da Teoria da Acessibilidade na edição crítico-genética do conto Os caminhos de Moreira Campos, os autores Claudeirton Madeira Castelo e Luiz Eleildo Pereira Alves propõem uma interface teórica entre linguística textual e filologia textual. Os autores têm como objetivo investigar os processos referenciais nos manuscritos de uma edição crítico-genética de Moreira Campos e suas implicações na construção de sentido do texto. O terceiro artigo do volume intitula-se A exclusão na escrita de si: o discurso jurídico em cartas de adolescentes privados de liberdade, da autoria de Fernando Miranda Arraz e Daniella Lopes Dias Ignácio Rodrigues. Os autores têm como objetivo compreender como a exclusão se manifesta discursivamente no processo de subjetivação. Estudam-se, para esse fim, cartas de adolescentes privados de liberdade, endereçadas a familiares. Sob o título A aparente ausência de vogais postônicas mediais na variedade de São Carlos (SP), Tiago Pereira Rodrigues e Pablo Arantes apresentam um estudo em que identificam possíveis fatores favorecedores da aparente ausência de vogais postônicas mediais em palavras proparoxítonas. Verificam possíveis evidências a favor da hipótese segundo a qual casos de aparente ausência de vogais postônicas mediais com fricativa em contexto precedente a essas vogais podem ser interpretados como realizações de vogal postônica medial totalmente encoberta pelo ruído da fricativa. No artigo intitulado Produção e percepção caminham juntas? Um estudo comparado entre produção e percepção das interrogativas totais neutras no Português do Brasil, Joelma Castelo Bernardo da Silva, Flaviane Romani Fernandes-Svartman, Denise Cristina Kluge e Ronaldo Mangueira Lima Júnior investigam a percepção da entoação nos tipos frásicos interrogativos totais em seis variedades do Português do Brasil. Os autores confirmam a distribuição dialetal de um continuum de Norte a Sul na Costa Atlântica brasileira e sugerem que os falantes das localidades de uma mesma região não identificam igualmente essas diferenças. Segue o volume com o artigo intitulado Ocorrência de processos fonológicos na formação de blends do português brasileiro. Os autores Emerson Viana Braga e Vera Pacheco questionam-se sobre a possibilidade de os blends desencadearem processos fonológicos. O objetivo do estudo é verificar a ocorrência da haplologia nos blends, a fim de compreender de que maneira o fenômeno fonológico é acionado. Em seu artigo, intitulado O estatuto funcional de sintagmas preposicionais dos verbos ir e morar: adjunto ou complemento?, Lorenzo Vitral retoma a discussão tradicional sobre a distinção entre as funções de adjunto e complemento, verificando qual é a análise adequada para os sintagmas preposicionais que aparecem com os verbos ir e morar. Defende-se a proposta de que esses sintagmas preposicionais são argumentos capazes de saturar um predicado e que devem ser analisados como complementos indiretos dos verbos ir e morar. Conclui o volume o artigo intitulado As formas de referência ao interlocutor ao longo de dois séculos em cartas portuguesas: a estabilidade do sistema de tratamento europeu. No texto, as autoras Janaina Pedreira Fernandes de Souza e Célia Regina dos Santos Lopes apresentam uma análise sobre as formas de tratamento utilizadas como pronome-sujeito no Português Europeu, com base em cartas pessoais escritas entre os séculos XIX e XX.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sílvio de Almeida Toledo Neto, Maria Clara Paixão de Sousa, Paulo Ângelo Araújo-Adriano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The functional status of prepositional phrases of the verbs ‘ir’ and ‘morar’: adjunct or complement?
The article takes up the traditional discussion on the distinction between the functions of adjunct and complement, verifying which is the appropriate analysis for the prepositional phrases that appear with the verbs ‘ir’ (to go) and ‘morar’ (to live). We initially present some elements of Apollonio Discolo’s analysis of transitivity through the notion of verbal diathesis and show that indecision about the function of these phrases is present in French, Portuguese and Brazilian grammatical traditions. We identified the difficulty of analysis in the fact that these phrases express locative content, which is not compatible with the proposed analysis of transitive diathesis according to Apollonio Discolo. This view was favored by the Latin adaptation of the Apollonian term ‘hypokeímenón’ as object. Finally, we defend the proposal, based on the notions of function (or predicate) and argument of Frege (2013 [1879]), that these prepositional phrases are arguments capable of saturating a predicate and that they should be analyzed as indirect complements of the verbs ‘ir’ (to go) and ‘morar’ (to live).
Copyright (c) 2024 Lorenzo Vitral https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The diplomatic study of manuscripts from and about women in Portuguese America:letters, responses and informations
This article delves into a diplomatic analysis of three documentary species: letters, responses, and information, penned between the mid-18th and early 19th centuries in Portuguese America. While the letters originated from women, the responses and information were attached to petitions filed by women. Despite sharing similar structural elements, a diplomatic examination reveals that these documents belong to distinct typologies. Our study engages with the works of Cardenete (2023), Carvalho (2020), Monte (2015), Tognoli (2014), and Tin (2005), aligning with the approach of Contemporary Diplomatics (Duranti, 1991). We conclude that a thorough document critique necessitates a meticulous examination of the original manuscripts, scrutinizing both their textual structure and materiality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Elisa Hardt Leitão Motta, Beatriz de Freitas Cardenete, Vanessa Martins do Monte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Restructuring of obstruent-liquid clusters
In Portuguese, CCV syllables form obstruent-liquid clusters and can be optionally restructured by (1) inserting a vowel between the onset consonants, resulting in CV.CV, or (2) deleting the liquid consonant in the second position, resulting in CV, cases that were evaluated separately in previous studies. This study presents an integrated evaluation of the CCV~CV.CV~CV alternation in Brazilian Portuguese, based on acoustic analysis of CCV occurrences in spontaneous speech recordings from 22 native speakers. We sought to determine the role of linguistic factors, such as the position of the accent, as well as evaluate the quality of the epenthetic vowel and duration patterns resulting from consonant loss or vowel insertion. In terms of its quality, the supporting vowel is a centralized vowel, and there may be harmony with the following vowel. It was found that the CV pattern is more frequent in a non-accented context and leads to vowel lengthening, while the CV.CV pattern is more frequent in an accented context. The results are discussed in terms of the gradualness and dynamicity of the phenomenon and considering phonological principles of syllabic restructuring and onset formation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Mendes Cantoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Apresentamos ao leitor interessado o volume 25, n.º 2, da revista Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa. Trata-se de um volume temático, centrado nos estudos da variação e mudança diatópica de variedades linguísticas praticadas no Brasil. Em um total de sete artigos, pesquisadores especialistas abordam temas como direitos linguísticos, toponímia, dialetologia e multilinguismo. São organizadores do volume Joachim Steffen (UNIA - Universität Augsburg), Marcelo Jacó Krug (UFFS - Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul), Manoel Mourivaldo Santiago Almeida (USP - Universidade de São Paulo), Maria Clara Paixão de Sousa (USP-Universidade de São Paulo) e Sílvio de Almeida Toledo Neto (USP - Universidade de São Paulo). O volume abre-se com o artigo intitulado Direitos linguísticos e cooficialização da língua alemã em São João do Oeste, Santa Catarina. Os autores Celina Eliane Frizzo, Elena Wendling Ruscheinsky e Marcelo Jacó Krug apresentam a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Linguísticos. Segundo o documento, falantes de línguas não oficiais em determinado território têm direito e estão livres para usá-las sem sofrer discriminação, exclusão e perseguição. Explicam-se questões referentes aos direitos linguísticos, ao linguicismo e ao linguicídio e relacionam-se esses tópicos com o processo de cooficialização da língua alemã em São João do Oeste - SC. No segundo artigo do volume, sob o título A toponímia italiana do Oeste de Santa Catarina: um estudo relacional dos nomes de lugares e a (i)migração, os autores Fernando Hélio Tavares de Barros e Marcelo Jacó Krug verificam marcas da identidade italiana na toponímia do Oeste de Santa Catarina, quanto a sua variação, mudança, manutenção e perda, durante a história de migração dos ítalo-gaúchos, um dos grupos povoadores da região. O estudo conclui que os sobrenomes e o catolicismo de devoção italiana são as características mais representativas dessa toponímia. Em A vitalidade linguística do talian em Riqueza/SC: dimensões e categorias de análise, terceiro artigo deste volume, as autoras Cristiane Horst e Franciele Zanella analisam a vitalidade linguística do talian em Riqueza, Santa Catarina. Busca-se identificar fatores que influenciam a manutenção ou substituição da língua minoritária, com base na geração, classe social e gênero. Os resultados revelam baixa vitalidade do talian em Riqueza, devido a fatores como prestígio reduzido, falta de transmissão intergeracional e negligência do poder público em relação ao seu ensino e registro. O quarto artigo do volume, intitulado Clavícula, cantareira e saboneteira: as variedades do português formosense, apresenta pesquisa feita por Karina de Jesus Araujo e Manoel Mourivaldo Santiago-Almeida, que tem como objetivo analisar a forma clavícula a partir dos falares dos moradores e migrantes de Formoso do Araguaia - TO. Procura-se compreender de que modo ocorre nesse local a variação da referida lexia. Os resultados estão documentados em mapas polifórmicos e de status da forma. A seguir, as autoras Flávia Helena da Silva Paz, Marilucia de Oliveira Cravo e Celiane Sousa Costa examinam O efeito da escolaridade e sexo sobre a haplologia no falar belenense, conforme esclarece o título do quinto artigo do volume. Estuda-se a haplologia no falar belenense com base em resultados do efeito de dois fatores externos, escolaridade e sexo. Resultados preliminares indicam que a haplologia é estigmatizada no falar belenense porque é desfavorecida entre as mulheres e os mais escolarizados. A baixa produtividade do fenômeno relaciona-se com a escolaridade. No sexto artigo do volume, denominado Variação morfofonológica da variável (gente) na fala de moradores da comunidade Ariri (AM), os autores Felício Wessling Margotti, Orlando da Silva Azevedo e Ilna Kelly Ferreira dos Santos descrevem as variantes morfofonológicas da variável gente na fala de moradores da comunidade Ariri, no município de Coari, Amazonas. Os resultados atestam que os moradores locais usam quatro variantes de gente, as quais evidenciam um processo de mudança linguística em curso. Conclui o volume o artigo intitulado Fronteras conceptuales y variedades del hablar. Escuela y comunidad ante el portugués en la frontera este de Misiones, Argentina, da autoria de Leonardo Cerno. O trabalho apresenta uma análise do discurso de docentes da educação pública em San Antonio e arrededores, em Misiones, Argentina. Analisa-se o contato da língua portuguesa e espanhola, com o surgimiento e uso habitual de variedades mistas, conhecidas como portuñol, e a presença local das modalidades padrão de ambas as línguas nacionais, promovidas desde a escola.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sílvio de Almeida Toledo Neto, Manoel Mourivaldo Santiago-Almeida, Maria Clara Paixão de Sousa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Brazilian Portuguese external sandhi: elision, diphthongization and coalescence
The study presents experimental results of a phonetic-acoustic analysis of the elision of the low vowel /a/ by external vowel sandhi in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) (BISOL, 1992). The research adopted the target sentence reading protocol described in Albano (2001) and Meneses (2016). Eight native BP speakers participated in the experiment. The [V1 ## V2] contact was controlled to inquiry the context favoring elision: unstressed low vowel /a/ at the end of a word followed by unstressed [i] or [u]. The word-boundary structure resulted in three production patterns: elision, decreasing diphthongs and coalescence. Coalescence is an innovative result regarding sandhi in BP, in which a vowel [e] or [o] emerges from the sequences /a##i/ or /a##u/. We defined as coalescence cases in which the vowel resulting from sandi presented a formant pattern of monophthongs with characteristics of the mid vowels [e] or [o]. In addition to interpreting the experimental results on vowel sandhi, we present a phonological analysis that (i) incorporates coalescence as a subprocess of elision and (ii) eliminates degemination as an external vowel sandhi process. The proposal reveals a system of phonological operations that is more economical and better adjusted to what is observed in phonetic productions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Magnun Rochel Madruga, Guilherme Gonçalves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Oral stressed vowels of the Príncipe Kabuverdianu: a phonetic analysis
With the Cape Verdean migration to São Tomé and Príncipe, which began in 1903, Kabuverdianu was taken to the Gulf of Guinea and became part of the region's linguistic ecology. Considering this scenario, this study focuses on Kabuverdianu from the island of Príncipe (KVP), presenting an acoustic phonetic description of the first (F1) and second formants (F2) and the duration that characterize the oral stressed vowels in this language. As corpora, we use data collected in Príncipe in 2018 with four speakers of Kabuverdianu as their mother tongue (Bandeira; Freitas, 2018). The data were analyzed using the Praat program (Boersma; Weenick, 2022). In tonic position, nine oral vowel phones were found ([i, e, ɛ, ə, ɐ, a, ɔ, o, u]), expanding the descriptions of Santiago’s kabuverdianu that mentioned only 2 central vowels. The behavior of mid vowels and central vowels suggests that acoustic dispersion is relevant in defining the language’s vowels. The middle vowels seem to be closer to each other (with the difference between F1 being 75 Hz for the front and 98 Hz for the back). This fact acoustically brings together the mid-high and mid-low vowels, since the two pairs ([e] and [ɛ], [o] and [ɔ]) become less dispersed in the acoustic space.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shirley Freitas, Amanda Macedo Balduino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Referential processes in the light of accessibility theory in the critical-genetic edition of the short story ‘Os caminhos’ by Moreira Campos
In this work, we propose a theoretical interface between textual linguistics and textual philology in terms of what Alves (2016, 2020) and Queiroz (2020) have already advocated. Our objective is to investigate the referential processes, in the light of the Accessibility Theory (Ariel, 2001), in the manuscripts of a critical-genetic edition of Moreira Campos and its implications in the construction of meaning of the text. These testimonies are the result of a collection of the Cearence writer of the Human Science library of the Federal University of Ceará and came to us edited from a previous research carried out by Lima (2016). We analyzed the editions and made clippings to demonstrate the occurrences of salience or opacity of the referents in Moreira Campos' creative path. The results showed that the suppression of referential expressions at each rewrite, a typical movement of the author's creative process, enriches the dynamics of textualization, since it brings to the text a game of meanings rich in inferential possibilities. This analysis strengthens our argument that the text is indeed a multisemiotic communicative event, of which the materialization process is only part of (Beaugrande, 1997).
Copyright (c) 2024 Claudeirton Madeira Castelo, Luis Eleildo P. Alves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Do production and perception walk together? A comparative study between production and perception of neutral yes no questions in Brazilian Portuguese
The present work aims to study the perception of intonation in yes-no questions in the following varieties of Brazilian Portuguese: João Pessoa (PB), Aracaju (SE), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Florianópolis (SC) and Porto Alegre (RS). Previous production studies, developed under the theoretical apparatus of autosegmental metric phonology for intonation (Ladd, 2008[1996]) indicate two dialectal regions in BP: Northeast (PB, SE), characterized by a predominantly ascending interrogative nuclear contour; and Southeast-South (BA, RJ, SP, MG, SC and RS), characterized by an ascending-descending interrogative nuclear contour. The distribution of these patterns strongly suggests the formation of a dialectal continuum from North to South of the Brazilian Atlantic Coast, which was confirmed through a perception study for the two macro-regions (Castelo et al., 2018). Based on these studies, it was expected that, by expanding the sample of varieties, both the dialectal regions and the continuum found at the production level would be confirmed. Although the bidialectal distribution has been confirmed, the continuum in perception between varieties was not found for the current set of varieties investigated, suggesting indirect relations within production and perception as well as the complexity involved in the design and application of perception experiments on prosodic variation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Joelma Castelo Bernardo da Silva, Flaviane Romani Fernandes-Svartman, Denise Cristina Kluge, Ronaldo Mangueira Lima Júnior https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Angolar is one of the autochthonous languages of the Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. This study aims to describe the syllable onset in Angolar, based on Syllable Theory (Selkirk, 1982). As for the corpus, we analyzed 1524 items collected in 2014 and in 2018 in São Tomé and Príncipe, based on recordings with bilinguals (speakers of Angolar as their mother tongue and Portuguese as their second language). Using the Dekereke software (Casali, 2022), we detected the following structures: V, CV, CGV, CCV, CVC, VC and VG. In syllable onset, one or two consonants are legal. This can generate a simple onset (C) or a complex C1C2 sequence with the following configurations: 1) C1 may be an obstruent (b, p, t, d, k, g, f, v) followed by C2 (l, ɾ); 2) C1 may be a consonant (b, p, t, d, k, g, f, v, s) followed by G (w, j). Word-initial nasals followed by obstruents were considered pre-nasalized stops, consisting of a single contour segment in onset position. Furthermore, we highlight that syllable onsets in Angolar follow the Sonority Sequence Principle, as its elements increase in sonority up to the syllable nucleus: C1C2 (0 > 2); and C1G (0 >3).
Copyright (c) 2024 Ubiratã Kickhöfel Alves, Manuele Bandeira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Occurrence of phonological processes in the formation of blends in brazilian portuguese
The dynamism of natural languages allows linguistic phenomena to be constantly created. Morphology and phonology are two fields that investigate the existence of such phenomena. Among the called non-concatenative morphological phenomena (cf. BEVILACQUA; SILVA, 2021), there is blending that creates words with segmental and/or syllabic suppression. The process can be formed without phonetic similarity between the bases, as seen in 'portunhol' (‘português’ Portuguese + ‘espanhol’ Spanish), as well as may present some similarity, as in 'carnatal' (‘carnaval’ carnival + Natal). In this second example, the syllables /na/, present in both bases, are identical and undergo some form of suppression or fusion. This peculiarity closely resembles a phonological process known as haplology, which arises from two contiguous and identical (CAMARA JR, 1986) or similar (BATTISTI, 2005) syllables. Considering, therefore, blending and haplology, two processes that can affect the syllable, we raise the following question: is it possible that blends could trigger phonological processes, such as haplology? Our hypothesis is that certain blends could exhibit the occurrence of haplology when they share phonological material. Thus, our objective is to verify the occurrence of haplology in morphological operation as a way to understand how the phonological phenomenon is triggered in blends.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emerson Viana Braga, Vera Pacheco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The effects of learning the letters "e, o" on the oral production of midvowels in pre-stressed and final post-stressed positions
This paper investigates the influence of learning the letters <e, o> on the variable production of mid vowels in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on pre-stressed (e.g.: [me'ninʊ] ~ [mi'ninʊ]) and final post-stressed syllables (e.g.: ['pato] ~ ['patʊ]). Numerous studies have reported the reciprocal influence between oral production and writing across school years (Chevrot; Beaud; Varga, 2000; Schiwindt et al., 2007; Adamoli, 2012). Building upon prior research on the topic, this study advances by examining the interplay between spoken and written language in two different stress positions: pre-stressed and final post-stressed syllables. An experiment was carried out to collect spoken and written data from students in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th school years in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Results showed increased production rates of mid vowels in comparison to high vowels in pre-stressed position, but not in in final post-stressed position. Drawing on Exemplar Models (Johnson, 1997; Bybee, 2001; Pierrehumbert, 2001), we posit that orthographic knowledge may probabilistically contribute to organizing the linguistic knowledge, by strengthening phonological categories. However, orthography’s impact is expected to vary uniquely in each category, since phonological categories are multifaceted, probabilistic, and dynamic.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cecília Toledo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0