Lacunas na abordagem fisioterapêutica da funcionalidade e incapacidade após acidente vascular cerebral: uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Palavras-chave:
Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Modalidades de Fisioterapia, Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde, Serviços de SaúdeResumo
Este estudo buscou investigar se o uso do
modelo biopsicossocial na prestação de saúde pode
apontar carências na abordagem dos domínios de
saúde que tornem o cuidado menos abrangente. Não
há informações sobre como o modelo é utilizado por
fisioterapeutas no cuidado às pessoas que sofreram
Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Esses dados
podem contribuir para as decisões em saúde e para o
direcionamento de recursos nos diferentes cenários de
intervenção. Esta revisão de escopo analisou ensaios
clínicos conduzidos por fisioterapeutas que tiveram a
funcionalidade/incapacidade em adultos pós-AVC como
desfecho, com o objetivo de investigar a abordagem do
modelo biopsicossocial. Foram excluídos deste estudo
artigos em que a intervenção foi aplicada por outros
profissionais e que foram publicados somente em
idiomas não dominados pelos autores. A triagem por
dois revisores cegos retornou 25 artigos em oito bases de
dados (Medline, PEDro, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, CINAHL
e Web of Science, e base de registros Cochrane Central).
O conteúdo das medidas de avaliação da funcionalidade/
incapacidade foi vinculado aos domínios da Classificação
Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde
(CIF). Com as categorias da CIF, foi conduzida uma
análise de conteúdo mais detalhada que permitiu uma
comparação precisa entre os cenários de intervenção. A
abordagem da funcionalidade/incapacidade concentrase
em cobrir os elementos de atividade do modelo
biopsicossocial, principalmente mobilidade e autocuidado,
independentemente do ambiente. Os resultados
deste estudo podem ser úteis para guiar a prática de
fisioterapeutas, oferecer dados para gestores de saúde
adotarem oficialmente o modelo como orientador de
decisões e esclarecer aos pacientes alguns objetivos do
cuidado fisioterapêutico.
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