Uso do ambiente aquático para avaliar testes funcionais: viabilidade, benefícios e desafios em comparação com testes realizados em solo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Palavras-chave:
Fisioterapia Aquática, Hidroterapia, Desempenho Físico Funcional, Estudo de AvaliaçãoResumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a
viabilidade, os benefícios e os desafios do uso do ambiente
aquático para avaliar testes funcionais na comparação com
avaliações realizadas em solo. Neste estudo, 40 indivíduos
foram submetidos ao teste de caminhada de seis minutos
(TC6), ao teste de subida de degraus de dois minutos
(TSD2’) e ao teste timed-up-and-go (TUG), tanto em solo
quanto em uma piscina de 1,2 metros de profundidade.
O esforço dos participantes foi medido pela escala de
Borg. Testes t de Student e Cohen d foram usados para
comparar avaliações entre ambientes. Significância foi
estipulada em 5%. Em comparação com o teste em solo, os
participantes caminharam menos na água durante o TC6
(d=3,69, p<0,001) e levaram mais tempo para completar o
TUG (d=2,76, p=0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças
no esforço entre ambientes para o TC6 (p=0,055) e o
TUG (p=0,32). Em relação ao TSD2’, não houve diferença
no número de degraus entre ambientes (p=0,45) e os
participantes experimentaram um menor esforço na água
(d=1,15, p=0,001). Em conclusão, ambientes aquáticos são
uma opção viável para realizar testes funcionais. Embora a
água possa ter aumentado a dificuldade de certos testes,
o esforço na água foi igual ou menor do que em solo
Downloads
Referências
Oh S, Lee S. Effect of aquatic exercise on physical function and
QOL in individuals with neurological disorder: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021;27:67-76.
doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.01.009
Most GA. Water and health: a forgotten connection? Perspect
Public Health. 2010;130(5):227-32. doi: 10.1177/1757913910379192
Xu Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Wen Y. Efficacy and safety of
aquatic exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil.
;37(3):330-347. doi: 10.1177/02692155221134240
Terra de Oliveira R, Lino TB, Scarmagnan GS, Miziara Barbosa
SR, Souza Pegorare ABG, Christofoletti G. Controlled Clinical
Trial on the Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Cognitive Functions
in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Brain Sci. 204;14:703.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070703
An J, Lee I, Yi Y. The thermal effects of water immersion on
health outcomes: an integrative review. Int J Environ Res Public
Health. 2019;16(7):1280. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071280
Torres-Ronda L, Del Alcázar XS. The properties of water and
their applications for training. J Hum Kinet. 2014;44:237-48.
doi: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0129
Pieniążek M, Mańko G, Spieszny M, Bilski J, Kurzydło W,
et al. Body balance and physiotherapy in the aquatic
environment and at a gym. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:9925802.
doi: 10.1155/2021/9925802 8. Zhu Z, Cui L, Yin M, Yu Y, Zhou X, et al. Hydrotherapy vs.
conventional land-based exercise for improving walking and
balance after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil.
;30(6):587-93. doi: 10.1177/0269215515593392
Teng M, Zhou HJ, Lin L, Lim PH, Yeo D, et al. Cost-effectiveness
of hydrotherapy versus land-based therapy in patients with
musculoskeletal disorders in Singapore. J Public Health (Oxf).
;41(2):391-8. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy044
Curcio A, Temperoni G, Tramontano M, De Angelis S, Iosa
M, et al. The effects of aquatic therapy during post-acute
neurorehabilitation in patients with severe traumatic brain
injury: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Brain Inj.
;34(12):1630-5. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1825809
Henwood T, Neville C, Baguley C, Beattie E. Aquatic exercise
for residential aged care adults with dementia: benefits and
barriers to participation. Int Psychogeriatr. 2017;29(9):1439-49.
doi: 10.1017/S104161021700028X
Cuesta-Vargas A, Martin-Martin J, Gonzalez-Sanchez M,
Merchan-Baeza JA, Perez-Cruzado D. Identification of Tools
for the Functional and Subjective Assessment of Patients in an
Aquatic Environment: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res
Public Health. 2020;17(16):5690. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165690
Santos DG, Pegoraro ASN, Abrantes CV, Jakaitis F, Gusnman
S, et al. Evaluation of functional mobility of patients with
stroke sequela after treatment in hydrotherapy pool using the
Timed Up and Go Test. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2011;9(3):302-6.
doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082011AO1772
ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary
Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the sixminute
walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):111-7.
doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
Nogueira MA, Almeida TDN, Andrade GS, Ribeiro AS, Rêgo
AS, et al. Reliability and Accuracy of 2-Minute Step Test in
Active and Sedentary Lean Adults. J Manipulative Physiol Ther.
;44(2):120-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.07.013
Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic
functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc.
;39(2):142-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x
Borg GAV. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci
Sports Exerc. 1982;14:377-81.
Flynn JT, Urbina EM, Brady TM, Baker-Smith C, Daniels SR,
et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and
adolescents: 2022 update: a scientific statement from the
American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2022;79(7):e114-
doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000215
Rojas-Camayo J, Mejia CR, Callacondo D, Dawson JA, Posso M, et
al. Reference values for oxygen saturation from sea level to the
highest human habitation in the Andes in acclimatized persons.
Thorax. 2018;73(8):776-8. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210598
Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Taylor HL. Indices
of relative weight and obesity. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(3):655-
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu058
Cuesta-Vargas A, Hilgenkamp T. Reference Values of Grip
Strength Measured with a Jamar Dynamometer in 1526
Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and Compared to Adults
without Intellectual Disability. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0129585.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129585
Mänttäri A, Suni J, Sievänen H, Husu P, Vähä-Ypyä H, et al. Sixminute
walk test: a tool for predicting maximal aerobic power
(VO2 max) in healthy adults. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2018.
doi: 10.1111/cpf.12525
Stuart AR, Doble J, Presson AP, Kubiak EN. Anatomic landmarks
facilitate predictable partial lower limb loading during
aquatic weight bearing. Curr Orthop Pract. 2015;26(4):414-9.
doi: 10.1097/BCO.0000000000000250
Katsura Y, Yoshikawa T, Ueda SY, Usui T, Sotobayashi D, et al.
Effects of aquatic exercise training using water-resistance
equipment in elderly. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5):957-64.
doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1306-0
Bressel E, Smith G, Miller A, Dolny D. Aquatic-treadmill walking:
quantifying drag force and energy expenditure. J Sport Rehabil.
;21(4):10.1123/jsr.2012.TR5. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2012.TR5
Heywood S, McClelland J, Geigle P, Rahmann A, Clark R.
Spatiotemporal, kinematic, force and muscle activation
outcomes during gait and functional exercise in water compared
to on land: A systematic review. Gait Posture. 2016;48:120-130.
doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.033
Jesus SFC, Bassi-Dibai D, Pontes-Silva A, Silva de Araujo A,
Freitas Faria Silva S, et al. Construct validity and reliability of
the 2-Minute Step Test (TME2’) in individuals with low back
pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):1062. doi: 10.1186/
s12891-022-06050-w
Pendergast DR, Moon RE, Krasney JJ, Held HE, Zamparo P.
Human physiology in an aquatic environment. Compr Physiol.
;5(4):1705-50. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c140018
Alberton CL, Nunes GN, Rau DGDS, Bergamin M, Cavalli
AS, et al. Vertical ground reaction force during a waterbased
exercise performed by elderly women: equipment
use effects. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2019;90(4):479-486.
doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1620910
Frohman AN, Okuda DT, Beh S, Treadaway K, Mooi C, et al.
Aquatic training in MS: neurotherapeutic impact upon quality
of life. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2015;2(8):864-72. doi: 10.1002/
acn3.220
Ivaniski-Mello A, Casal MZ, Costa RR, Alberton CL, Martinez
FG, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Quantifying physiological and
biomechanical responses of shallow water walking: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. Res Sports Med. 2023;31(5):604-18.
doi: 10.1080/15438627.2021.2020786
Llano JS, Miranda, HCF, Felippe LA, Andrade LP, Silva TCD,
Christofoletti G. Investigação dos métodos avaliativos
utilizados por fisioterapeutas na especificidade da neurologia
funcional. Fisioter Pesq. 2013;20(1):31-6. doi: 10.1590/
S1809-29502013000100006
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Gustavo Christofoletti, Anna Julia Santana Ribeiro, Maria Fernanda de Souza Macedo, Gabriela Maria da Silva Béé, Sidney Afonso Sobrinho-Junior, Jefferson Rosa Cardoso
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
