Basic Information The Physical Therapy and Research Journal (Revista de Fisioterapia e Pesquisa) (ISSN 1809-2950), continuation of the University of São Paulo Physiotherapy Journal (Revista de Fisioterapia da Universidade de São Paulo) (ISSN 1413-7879), is a scientific journal created in 1994, whose mission is to disseminate scientific production and knowledge in the field of physiotherapy and rehabilitation and related disciplines. In aspects related to basic, clinical, and applied research. Frequency: quarterly INDEXING SOURCES SCIELO- Scientific Electronic Library Online BVS – Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Virtual Health Library) CINAH – Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature LILACS – Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences LATINDEX – Sistema Regional (Regional System) Sport DISCUS Intelectual property All journal content, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons License of the type attributed BY Sponsors The publication receives funding from: AGUIA – USP Agency for Academic Information Management FMUSP – USP School of Medicine CREFITO - Regional Council of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina
Functional capacity analysis after COVID-19 discharge
This study aimed to examine the correlation between three methods of assessing functional capacity [namely, handgrip strength (HGS), functional independence measure (FIM) and six-minute walk test (6MWT)], with clinical variables and hospitalization data in a cohort of patients recently discharged from the hospital after being treated for COVID-19. This is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. The study population comprised 125 patients of both sexes, aged 18 years or older, who were hospitalized due to a COVID-19 diagnosis. The patients were assessed approximately three months after hospital discharge, during which they underwent the HGS, the 6MWT, and responded to the FIM. Additionally, data from the medical records were collected and subsequently analyzed. The patients demonstrated satisfactory performance in the 6MWT (walking distance of 457m) and had handgrip strength comparable to that of healthy individuals, with a mean value of 38.9±11.7kgf in men and 27.3±2.8kgf in women. Additionally, they had an independence score on the FIM of 122.8±9.9 points, indicating a high level of autonomy. The three tests yielded positive correlations between the 6MWT and FIM (r=0.470, p<0.001), between the 6MWT and HGS (r=0.375, p<0.001), and between HGS and FIM (r=0.317, p<0.001). The analysis of the patients indicated that satisfactory functional recovery was achieved three months after discharge, regardless of the initial severity or length of hospital stay. While the three tests assess different dimensions of functional capacity, the observed correlations suggest that they can be used complementarily.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laís Bacchin de Oliveira, Ana Lúcia Cavallaro Baraúna Lima, Bruna Scharlack Vian, Lígia dos Santos Roceto Ratti, Mônica Corso Pereira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Level of physical activity prior to injury and its impact on functioning of people with spinal cord injury
The activity level of a person with spinal cord injury (SCI) can influence their functioning, independence and autonomy. This study aimed to evaluate the level of physical activity prior to SCI and its relationship with the individual’s functioning after hospital discharge. This is a quantitative, longitudinal, and analytical study with individuals diagnosed with traumatic SCI, with injury time ≤18 months, aged over 18 years old, hospitalized for rehabilitation. The following instruments were used: identification, sociodemographic profile and medical history questionnaire, international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-Short Form) and the spinal cord independence measure – self-reported version questionnaire (brSCIM-SR). Sample was composed of 35 subjects with average age of 41.9 years, mostly males, classified as complete SCI (AIS A grade). Individuals with SCI showed a significant improvement in functioning at discharge from the rehabilitation program. Most individuals were classified as active, when correlating the level of physical activity prior to injury with functional level at discharge. A moderate positive correlation was found between physical activity prior to the injury and the functional level after the injury, suggesting that an active life prior to the injury may favor better functioning in SCI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jordana Batista da Silva Lima, Thais Passos de Oliveira Guimarães, Katarine Souza Costa, Thatiana Moreira de Paiva, Francine Aguilera Rodrigues da Silva, Hernani Camilo Valinote, Graziella França Bernardelli Cipriano, Letícia de Araújo Morais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessment of women’s satisfaction with physical therapy care in the immediate postpartum period: an observational study
This study aimed to evaluate women’s satisfaction with physical therapy care during the immediate postpartum period. This is a cross-sectional study. The physical therapy approach was based on kinesiotherapy, massage therapy, electrophysical resources, and concluded with health education. Approximately seven to 15 days after hospital discharge, participants were contacted by phone and asked ten questions regarding the care provided by the physical therapist in the maternity ward during the immediate postpartum period. The study included 49 puerperal women with a mean age of 27 years (±3.7), mostly White, in stable unions, with complete secondary education, and multiparous; the predominant mode of delivery was vaginal childbirth (61.22%). All participants reported satisfaction with the care received, clarity of the instructions regarding the proposed exercises, and clarification of doubts. Three (6%) women felt the care took too long or caused discomfort, 70% (35) followed the instructions received at the maternity hospital at home, and 12% (seven) had difficulty following the instructions. All women stated they would like to have access to physical therapy care again if they had another baby; the average satisfaction with the physical therapy care received at the maternity hospital was 9.64. It was found that the women were satisfied with the physical therapy care at the maternity hospital, and most applied the instructions received at home.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariana Paleari Zanoni, Bianca Manzan Reis, Mariana Moreira dos Santos, Patricia Driusso, Ana Carolina Sartorato Beleza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development and Validation of Educational Material for the Prevention and Management of Disabilities in Women Treated for Cervical Cancer
This study aimed to develop and validate educational materials focused on the prevention and management of prevalent disabilities in women treated for cervical cancer (CC). A methodological study was conducted to create and validate both printed and digital materials. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify the most common treatment-related disabilities and to establish prevention and management strategies. Content development was carried out collaboratively by experts in Physical Therapy, Education, and Advertising, with emphasis on clarity and relevance of the information. Validation was conducted by a panel of Women’s Health and/or Oncology experts who evaluated content relevance, as well as the clarity of language and illustrations. Acceptable scores for the Content Validation Index (CVI) and Agreement Index (AI) were set at ≥80%. Ten physical therapists, three Women’s Health specialists, and seven Oncology specialists evaluated the final version of the educational materials. The final version achieved CVI and AI scores exceeding 89% across all sections. The materials addressed strategies for the prevention and management of pelvic and low back pain, lower-limb lymphedema, urinary and fecal incontinence, functional constipation, and sexual dysfunction. The educational materials were successfully validated for relevance and clarity. Their use may empower women treated for CC by promoting self-care and preventing treatment-related disabilities. Additionally, these materials may support interprofessional teams in delivering coordinated, function-oriented care for this population.
International Classification of Functioning
Copyright (c) 2026 Luciana Aparecida Mesquita, Elyonara Mello Figueiredo, Thamiris Helena Silva, Cecilia Assunção Moreira, Agnaldo Lopes da Silva Filho, Mariana Maia Oliveira Sunemi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Workforce capacity of physical therapy professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic demanded immediate adoption of measures to prevent, control, and treat the disease and the reorganization of the physical therapy workforce, whose role in caring for respiratory conditions was essential. To analyze the temporal trend in the availability of physical therapy professionals at the three levels of care in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) during the COVID-19 pandemic (from March 2020 to December 2022). This ecological time-series study was carried out in a population of physical therapists with the proper registry in the National Registry of Healthcare Facilities in at least one of the three levels of health care (primary, specialized, and hospital). Workload was standardized to 40 hours per week and the densities of professionals per 10,000 inhabitants were calculated. Physical therapists density totaled 2.04 and 2.86/10,000 inhabitants in March 2020 and May 2023, respectively. In primary care, densities equaled 0.46 in March 2020 and 0.53/10,000 inhabitants in May 2023 in March 2020 and May 2023, respectively. At the same time points, the densities in specialized care equaled 0.58 and 0.74/10,000 inhabitants and 0.99 and 1.59/10,000 inhabitants in hospital care. Physical therapists’ density increased at the three levels of healthcare in the SUS during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in hospital settings. Considering the growing demand for functional post-COVID rehabilitation services, the participation of physical therapy professionals is expected to maintain its upward trend.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juliana Leme Gomes, Debora Bernardo, Ana Carolina Basso Schmitt https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a case study
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) has been widely used as a framework to support and guide clinical reasoning across rehabilitation settings. Despite increasing familiarity with the ICF over the years, many professionals still experience difficulties implementing it in clinical practice, often perceiving it as complex. This study aimed to describe the application of the ICF to support clinical decision-making in the rehabilitation of a patient with spinal cord injury: a 53-year-old single Black woman with a neurological level of injury at T5 and with overweight. Data were collected during the patient’s history-taking process using a structured questionnaire based on the ICF. Assessment tools were selected according to the patient’s reported impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. These included the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, handgrip dynamometry, the Brazilian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure – Self-Reported version, and the Modified Functional Reach Test. The disability diagnosis identified a limitation in independently bathing due to trunk muscle weakness, impaired trunk control, and fear of falling, especially when alone at home. This study demonstrated that the ICF can be a valuable tool in clinical decision-making in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Its systematic approach facilitated the assessment of functioning and supported the development of an individualized therapeutic plan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Castro e Silva, Jean Alex Matos Ribeiro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Profile of research groups and publications in pediatric physical therapy in Brazil
The increase in the number of researchers and publications in Brazil demonstrates the country’s scientific growth, particularly in pediatric physical therapy. This study aimed to describe the profile of research groups and publications in pediatric physical therapy in Brazil. A bibliometric approach was employed, using data from the CNPq Research Groups Directory, the CNPq Lattes Platform, and the CAPES Sucupira Platform. Data on research groups, researchers, and productions were collected through January 2023 and analyzed using SPSS (version 23.0). A total of 41 research groups and 357 researchers were identified, with a predominance of female researchers (75.6%) and concentration in the Southeast (41.2%). Most groups focused on health and development of preschool children (82.9%). Researchers published an average of 31.52 ± 47.301 articles in national and international journals. Most held a master’s degree (89.6%) and a doctoral degree (79%), but only 8.1% were CNPq research productivity fellows. Among these, Level 2 was the most frequent (17; 4.8%), followed by Level 1A (5; 1.4%), Levels 1D and 1B (3; 0.8% each), and Level 1C (1; 0.3%). These findings may support greater dissemination and application of human and financial resources in scientific research in pediatric physical therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Antonio Carlos de Souza Junior, Layra Alves Guimarães, Roberta Larissa Oliveira, Victoria Christine Machado e Silva, Vanessa Cordeiro de Sousa, Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto Formiga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Correlation between postural balance and quality of life in older women with low bone density: a cross-sectional study
This study aimed to correlate postural balance with quality of life in older women with low bone mineral density. Overall, 46 participants aged 60 years or older who practiced no regular resistance exercises and who had hypovitaminosis D, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and low bone mineral density were evaluated in this prospective cross-sectional study. A characterization questionnaire of participants’ sociodemographic and anthropometric data was constructed. Participants were classified according to their level of physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Quality of life assessment questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD) were also used. Static postural balance assessments were carried out via posturography on a AccuSwayPlus AMTI® portable force platform. In total, three assessments were carried out with eyes open and three with eyes closed. This study found that low bone mineral density and hypovitaminosis D showed no relationship between postural balance and quality of life in older women, only obtaining some specific correlations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Brenda Santos Silva, Juliana Ferreira Vieira, Mayra Lissa Hirama, Vanderlei Carneiro Silva, Angelica Castilho Alonso, Guilherme Carlos Brech https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pain, activity limitations, and functioning among women after vaginal birth and Cesarean section: a cross-sectional study
Regardless of the mode of delivery, the postpartum period can be accompanied by pain and discomfort. This study aimed to compare pain, activity limitations, mobility, and functioning between women after vaginal birth and Cesarean section. A cross-sectional study was conducted with postpartum women aged 18 years or older. Pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale), activity limitations, and mobility (timed up and go) were assessed between 12 and 48 hours postpartum, and functioning (WHODAS 2.0 – 12 items) was assessed 30 days later. The Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t-test (α=0.05) were used. A total of 148 women were evaluated (mean age: 28 years); 53.4% (n=79) had a vaginal birth and 46.6% (n=69) had a Cesarean section. C-section was significantly associated with the presence of pain in the following areas: low back (p=0.03), abdomen (p<0.001), and lower limbs (p=0.01). Vaginal birth was associated with perineal pain (p=0.01). C-section was also associated with the presence of pain and limitations in sitting, standing, walking (p<0.001), lying down (p=0.001), and bathing (p=0.02). We conclude that C-sections are associated with a higher frequency of pain in different body regions, greater pain intensity, and greater activity limitations period. Mobility and functioning did not differ significantly between modes of delivery. Early monitoring is necessary to prevent functional limitations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Brenda Maia de Almeida Moreira, Simony Lira do Nascimento, Mayle Andrade Moreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Postural control in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes
It is not clear in the literature whether individuals with pre-diabetes show deficits in postural control. Thus, this study aimed to compare the postural control of older adults with and without type 2 diabetes and with pre-diabetes. A total of 178 older adults (n=117 women) including 41 with type 2 diabetes (HbA1C ≥ 6.5%, age: 68±6 years), 55 with prediabetes (HbA1C between 5.7% and 6.4%, age: 67±6 years) and 82 without diabetes (control group, HbA1C<5.7%, age: 67±5 years) performed three trials of 30 s of one-legged stance test on a force platform. Older adults with type 2 diabetes had worse postural control (center of pressure area and velocity sways) than the control group (p<0.05; d:0.39-0.62). There were no significant differences in balance between those with pre-diabetes and controls (p>0.05; d=0.14-0.37). Older adults with type 2 diabetes had worse postural control than those without diabetes in one-legged stance balance performance using the center of pressure parameters
Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Santiago da Rocha, Rubens Alexandre da Silva, Fernanda Borges de Oliveira Vasconcelos, Audrey de Souza Marquez, Márcio Rogerio de Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors associated with satisfaction with genital selfimage in Brazilian university women
Female Genital Self-Image (GSI) refers to how women feel about their genitals and can be influenced by psychological and behavioral aspects of sexual wellbeing. In Brazil, a recent study investigated the factors associated with satisfaction with male GSI, but there are no studies investigating this issue in females. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with satisfaction with GSI among Brazilian university women. This is a cross-sectional, online study conducted among Brazilian women (>18 years old) who are university students, and nulliparous. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) and a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression based on the FGSIS cutoff point for female GSI satisfaction and FGSIS total score, respectively. 915 (24.30±5.48 years) women participated. The mean total FGSIS score was 21.51 ± 4.59 points. 55.52% of the women were classified as satisfied with their GSI. Women who were satisfied with GSI were more likely to report more frequent sexual activity, more gynecological appointments, and older age. Black and Mixed-race women were less likely to be satisfied with GSI than White women. Satisfaction with GSI among Brazilian university women is associated with sexual behavior, gynecological consultations, and sociodemographic factors such as older age and skin color
Copyright (c) 2026 Paula Somavilla, Erisvan Vieira da Silva, Guilherme Tavares de, Maria Clara Rocha de Oliveira, Melissa Medeiros Braz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cardiovascular conditions and blood pressure as risk factors for adverse events during exercise in individuals with respiratory conditions
This study aimed to describe cardiovascular conditions and compare repeated measurements of systemic blood pressure (BP) and orthostatic hypotension (HO) as risk factors for adverse events during exercise in individuals with chronic respiratory conditions. This was a cross-sectional study including individuals evaluated to participate in a rehabilitation program. Comorbidities, signs, and symptoms of self-reported cardiovascular conditions, resting BP (measured simultaneously in both arms with at least three measurements), and criteria for OH were assessed. Forty-two individuals were included: 67% were women, with a mean age of 53±18 years, and 38% had post-COVID-19 condition. Cardiovascular conditions were reported by up to 76% of individuals, but only 13 required medical clearance for exercise. A total of 85% achieved reproducible BP results with only three measurements. The difference in systolic BP between the full protocol and a single measurement in one arm was −2.2 mmHg (95% CI −4.2 to −0.2). Only one individual (3%) presented OH. Cardiovascular conditions are common in individuals with chronic respiratory conditions but generally do not contraindicate exercise. Furthermore, repeated BP measurements do not appear to be necessary in this context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vanessa Garcia de Lima, Chayenne Chylld César Lopes, Luan dos Santos Mendes Costa, Andrea Felinto Moura, Magno F. Formiga, Rafael Mesquita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of lung mechanics in patients with acute viral bronchiolitis under invasive mechanical ventilation: an observational study
Acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) configures the most common respiratory condition in infants. It can require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), which necessitates a rigorous assessment of ventilatory biomechanics. This study aimed to describe the lung mechanics of infants with AVB undergoing IMV. This retrospective longitudinal study was carried out with infants with AVB who received IMV for 30 months. Patients’ demographic and clinical data were collected and their ventilatory parameters (such as peak and expiratory pressures, compliance, and pulmonary resistance) were monitored daily and their length of hospital stay and outcomes were recorded. The data are descriptively shown. This study found that 41 cases of AVB required IMV: 51.3% of which in boys. Average age equaled 7.6 months. RSV infection that pneumonia incidence totaled 44 and 73.1%, respectively. The highest parameters occurred from the third to the fifth day of IMV, with low compliance and high airway resistance. The average length of IMV and hospital stays totaled nine and 20 days, respectively, with a low mortality rate (4.8%). This research found the need for moderate to high parameters during the worst phase of the disease (without breaking the barriers for protective ventilation strategies), high airway resistance, and low lung compliance, corroborating the typical pattern of this obstructive disease.
Maria Carolina Chapellen Pinheiro Barbosa da Silva
Copyright (c) 2026 Cássio Daniel Araújo da Silva, Thamiris Miranda de Melo Marsaglia, Maria Carolina Chapellen Pinheiro Barbosa da Silva, Bruna Luzia da Silva Peixoto Magno, Roberta Botelho Monteiro, Tuilla de Oliveira Rodrigues, Laila de Morais Silva, Patrícia Vieira Fernandes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cross-cultural adaptation of the knowledge of disease management-CF-adolescent questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese
This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Knowledge of Disease Management-CF-Adolescent (KDM-CF-Adolescent) questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese, as well as to test its measurement properties. Cross-cultural adaptation followed five standardized steps: translation; consensus version of the translation, back translation, consensus version of back translation, and application of the final version to 35 adolescent patients with cystic fibrosis (FC), aged 11 to 20 years. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation measures, the questionnaire was applied online using the Google Forms. Data were subjected to Rasch analysis, using the WINSTEPS software. There were no problems regarding understanding the questions, so making changes in any of the translated items was not necessary. The KDMCF- Adolescent divided the sample into two levels of knowledge and the items into three levels of difficulty, leading to person and item reliability indices of 0.67 and 0.81, respectively and internal consistency of 0.69. All items fit the Rasch model expectations, since all infit/outfit and associated z-values were within the expected range. The principal component analysis confirmed the existence of two dimensions; however, they did not function as independent scales. There was no duplication of any content and no floor and/or ceiling effects were found. The Brazilian Portuguese version of KDM-CF-Adolescent questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory properties to measure the knowledge adolescents with CF have about the disease.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hilda Angélica Iturriaga Jimenez, Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela, Lívia de Castro Magalhães, Marcelo Velloso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Post-COVID-19 syndrome: epidemiological and sociodemographic profile of patients referred for physical therapy rehabilitation
The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has led to thousands of infections and deaths worldwide. Among survivors, a substantial proportion develop persistent symptoms, commonly referred to as post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and sociodemographic profile of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome referred for rehabilitation. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study using a convenience sample. Fifty-eight participants aged over 18 were included, and data were collected at a university hospital in the city of Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. There was a prevalence of females aged 24-75, most of whom were white, married, and had completed high school education. None were current smokers, one reported harmful alcohol use, and most were physically inactive prior to COVID-19 infection. Most participants required Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission during the acute phase of COVID-19 and required invasive mechanical ventilation, and all required oxygen therapy. The main reported symptoms were dyspnea and fatigue. Most participants had at least one comorbidity, with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes being the most prevalent. The findings suggest a strong association between disease severity and the presence of comorbidities, contributing to symptom persistence and the need for rehabilitation after hospital discharge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alexandra Ignes Bruni Tulio, Stephanie Nayara Lenz, Andreane Daniele Barbosa de Lira, Heloísa Rodrigues Alves Bobato Bobato, Regina Helena Senff Gomes, Arlete Ana Motter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors that predict poor physical functioning in women living with knee osteoarthritis: a one-year follow up
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is ranked as the 11th highest contributor to disability globally. We must improve our understanding of its related factors with poor physical functioning to create opportunities for more efficient treatment. This study aimed to find the factors that predict poor physical functioning over one year in women with knee osteoarthritis. A total of 36 communityrecruited women with knee OA underwent baseline and one-year biomechanics and physical functioning assessment. Physical function was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities and Short Physical Performance Battery. Isometric torque and rate of torque development (RTD) of the knee extensors and gait kinematic were chosen as factors biomechanics. The paired test and area of the receiver operating characteristic curve were used in the statistical analyses. The results showed that gait speed and RTD at 30 ms and RTD at 200 ms configured the variables that better predicted poor functioning in one year. Their discriminatory thresholds equal 1.07 ms and 2.06 and 1.72 Nm.s -1Kg- 1, respectively. Factors in women with knee osteoarthritis at great risk of poor function at a one-year follow-up included rapidly force generated and gait speed. Finding these factors provides thresholds for rehabilitation work to prevent or minimize functional limitations
Copyright (c) 2026 Deborah Hebling Spinoso, Nise Ribeiro Marques, Patricia de Aguiar Yamada, Marcelo Tavella Navega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball athletes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of preventive interventions for musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball. Searches of eight databases identified six randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes included injury incidence, time off work, and adherence/acceptability. Estimates were presented as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on the results of meta-analyses or individual trials. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. Disagreements between reviewers were resolved by discussion and consultation with a third reviewer. The metaanalysis showed no positive effects of interventions on injury prevention, except for one study that reported a positive effect of semi-customized exercises on low back pain in the short term (RR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.08-0. 86]). No other intervention demonstrated benefit in reducing musculoskeletal injuries. Limited evidence suggests a shortterm benefit of semi-customized exercises on low back pain. Preventive interventions in volleyball are supported by low-quality evidence, highlighting the urgent need for more high-quality trials with larger samples.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabiane Gontijo Corrêa, Rafaela Calixto Cortez Figueiredo, Diêgo Mendes Xavier, Miguel Ambrosio Neto, Fernando Alvez Fernandes, Ricardo Furtado Mendonça Picinin, Tracy Blake, Vinicius Cunha Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ADAPT Project: Perception and expectations of families regarding motorized mobility – a qualitative study
Motorized toy cars are viable devices for the exposure of children with disabilities to self-directed mobility as an option of lower cost and greater accessibility when compared to adapted locomotion equipment. This study aimed to know the perception and expectations of families of the ADAPT Project regarding motorized mobility. Nine mothers of the children enrolled in the ADAPT Project who agreed to participate in this qualitative study responded to a semi-structured qualitative interview by video call. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in full and were coded via content analysis. As a result, most children were diagnosed with cerebral palsy and had mean age of 2.7 years (SD:1.24). Most mothers were unaware of negative points related to the use of motorized cars for mobility. When asked about the positive points related to the early use of motorized mobility, three major themes arose from the interviews: development, inclusion, and autonomy and independence. Family expectations and perceptions about the use of motorized mobility within the scope of the ADAPT Project are legitimate and feasible according to the literature. The use of a motorized and individually adapted toy car can contribute to the development, inclusion, and autonomy and independence of these children
Copyright (c) 2026 Larissa Ferraz de Souza, Letícia Ribeiro Diogo, Michele de Almeida Alvim, Maritza Fabiany Breder Caruso, Lívia Ferreira Coutinho Alonso, Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pilates exercises and older adults’ emotional aspects, anxiety: a systematic review
Introduction: The increase in life expectancy will raise the number of older adults and the declines in some aspects of health (such as physical and emotional functions) even more in the coming decades. The regular practice of physical activity and exercise has been associated with more positive mental and emotional health. Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of Pilates protocols on older adults’ emotional state. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations. The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed by the PEDro scale. The following databases were searched: PubMed, BASIS, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, SportDiscus, and Pedro. The keywords that were available on MeSH (Pubmed) and DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors) were used in the search strategy. Results: This review retrieved 318 articles, analyzing 11 of them. Its methodological quality assessment showed that six of the 11 chosen randomized controlled trials had high quality (PEDro score ≥ 6 points). The studies evaluated 521 individuals (most of whom were women) with mats and equipped Pilates interventions. Most articles used 12-week protocols with 60-minute sessions. This review found that, of its 11 randomized controlled trials, six obtained significant results in their Pilates groups vs. control and aerobic groups and four studies found no such relationship. Conclusion: Pilates seems to improve emotional aspects such as anxiety and depression in older adults. However, the scarcity of studies requires further controlled and randomized clinical trials to investigate this outcome.
Copyright (c) 2026 Graziella Cristina Roque, Bruno Henrique Santana, Julia Melo Pereira, Laís Campos de Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ergonomic risks and musculoskeletal symptoms of teachers at a Federal Education Institution
Mental and musculoskeletal disorders are the main forms of illness among teachers. This study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal symptoms and ergonomic risk factors in classrooms and staff rooms across the campuses of the Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC). A total of 112 teachers answered an online questionnaire about sociodemographic information, tasks, work environment, and musculoskeletal pain. Data were analyzed using separate binary logistic regression models for each outcome. The prevalence of pain was 93.7%, and the most frequent regions were the neck, low back, and right shoulder. The main workplace ergonomic risk factors were stress, sharp edges, and a poorly adjusted desk, monitor, and chair backrest. An association was observed between low back pain, stress, the use of a data projector, overweight/obesity, inadequate monitor height, and a non-adjustable chair. There was an association between neck pain, stress, lack of physical activity, and an inadequate monitor and backrest. A relationship was found between right shoulder pain, stress, blackboard use, and standing posture during teaching. Conclusions: the results support adapting the work environment for teachers to prevent pain, improving both quality of life and teaching.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bruno Guimarães, Thiago Silva, Maria Eduarda Biazzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Activities and social participation of children with atypical motor development
Limitations in activities and social participation seem to influence task performance. This cross-sectional study used the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the participation and environment questionnaires (YC-PEM and PEM-CY) to investigate guardians’ perceptions of the performance of activities and social participation of children with atypical motor development undergoing neurofunctional physical therapy. In total, 23 guardians of children aged from seven months to six years participated In the assessment of functional skills, nine children exhibited delayed self-care, 20 had delayed mobility, and seven had delayed social function. Regarding caregiver assistance, delays in performance were observed in 14 children for self-care, 17 for mobility, and 15 for social function. Regarding participation at home, basic care routines were the most frequent activities, whereas household chores were the least. In total, two children attended preschool. In the community, children who received less caregiver assistance demonstrated greater involvement in activities, and most participated in outing activities. Guardians’ perceptions of disability suggest difficulties in task performance. Participation was most frequent at home; in the community, it was proportional to the level of independence, and for most children, school was not a participatory environment
Copyright (c) 2026 Layssa Lemos de Carvalho Langano, Julia de Aguiar Vióti, Louise Cristine Viana Nunes, Paloma de Carvalho Araujo, Beatriz Cantanhede Carrapatoso Souza, Elisa Beatriz Braga dell’Orto van Eyken https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic on health status and activities of daily living in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
During the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation measures were implemented, which may have intensified physical inactivity among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Such inactivity potentially affected their health and functional status and performance of activities of daily living (ADL). This study aimed to evaluate the health and functional status of individuals with COPD during the pandemic and to examine the association between health status, functional status, and ADL performance. This longitudinal study assessed health status using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and functional status using the London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) scale during strict social isolation (visit 1) and after the relaxation of restrictions (visit 2). Changes in ADL performance between visits were recorded using a questionnaire developed by the authors. A total of 30 individuals with COPD were included (mean age: 69±7 years). Overall, no statistically significant differences were observed between visits in health status (15 [8–22] versus 13 [7–20] points; p=0.58) or functional status (LCADL total score: 17 [15–21] versus 17 [15–21] points; p=0.85). However, 15 individuals (50%) showed worsening health status (11 [6–25] versus 19 [12–29] points, p=0.0001; delta: 5 [2–6] points). This worsening was not correlated with functional status at visit 2 (LCADL personal care: p≥0.41) but was associated with a reduced frequency of performing household tasks on a daily basis (Fisher’s exact test=9.09; p=0.006). Overall, individuals with COPD showed no changes in health and functional status. However, half of the participants experienced worsening health status, which was associated with a reduced frequency of performing household tasks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thais Moçatto Tofoli, André Vinicius Santana, Andréa Daiane Fontana, Fabio Pitta, Nidia Aparecida Hernandes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors associated with access to rehabilitation services one month after stroke in Brazil: Influence of sociodemographic, clinical-functional factors and the pandemic
Despite being devastating, the pandemic brought opportunities to investigate the operation of rehabilitation services in different health contexts. To identify the factors associated with access to rehabilitation services among individuals with stroke one month after hospital discharge. This is a prospective longitudinal study, in which individuals with stroke were recruited in a Brazilian city from September 2019 to February 2021. The factors associated with access to rehabilitation services were investigated using linear regression analysis, considering 11 sociodemographic and clinical-functional variables and the period of access to rehabilitation services (prepandemic or during the COVID-19 pandemic) (α=5%). In total, 150 participants were included; 50.7% had access to rehabilitation services pre-pandemic and 49.3% during the pandemic. Functional independence was the only significant factor, explaining 27% of the variance in access (F=56.2; p<0.001). A lower level of functional independence was the only factor associated with access to rehabilitation services one month after hospital discharge among individuals with stroke, regardless of the pandemic period
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria
Copyright (c) 2026 Zaqueline Fernandes Guerra, Jordana de Paula Magalhães, Nathália Aparecida Gravito Rodrigues, Iza de Faria- Fortini, Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Relationship between primary dysmenorrhea, presenteeism, and genital self-image in university women: a cross-sectional study
This study aimed to assess the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and presenteeism and genital self-image in university women. This crosssectional observational study was carried out in Northern Brazil from January to May 2023. Female students aged ≥18 years with PD were included in this research. PDrelated pain intensity, presenteeism, and genital selfimage were assessed by a numerical pain scale, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 (SPS-6), and the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS), respectively. Statistical analysis used the Spearman correlation coefficient test at a 5% significance to evaluate the relationships between PD pain intensity and the SPS-6 and FGSIS. This study included 181 university students (22.54±4.15 years old) with an average PD pain intensity in the last three months of 6.58±1.97 points, classified as moderate. The average SPS-6 score totaled 14.85±4.16 points, showing presenteeism. A significant moderate negative correlation occurred between the total SPS-6 score and PD pain intensity =−0.310 (p<0.0001), that is, the greater the pain, the lower the SPS-6 value, indicating more impact on presenteeism. Regarding genital selfimage, a weak significant negative correlation was obtained between the FGSIS and PD pain intensity =−0.232 (p=0.0017). Thus, the greater the pain intensity, the worse the perception of genital self-image. PD had a significant relationship with presenteeism and an impact on genital self-image.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thaysa Priscilla Fadell de Aquino, Juliana Falcão Padilha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Aerobic conditioning in patients after stroke: a mapping of systematic reviews
Most health professionals have limited experience and little scientific knowledge regarding aerobic exercise programming for post-stroke patients. These issues raise the need for highly reliable studies to contribute to clinical decision-making. Thus, this study analyzed in which contexts and levels of evidence aerobic conditioning in post-stroke patients has been investigated. It mapped systematic reviews and the search strategy was applied in the National Library of Medicine (MedLine) via PubMed, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases. The PRISMA and Amstar 2 instruments were used for article analysis and selection and methodological evaluation of the selected articles, respectively. In total, 15 systematic reviews that employed multiple forms of aerobic training were included, relating their effects to cognitive benefits, improved walking, self-care, cardiorespiratory fitness, mobility, and neuroplasticity. Of these, four were classified as high and moderately reliable based on the methodological analysis. The safest articles to be reproduced in clinical practice refer to aerobic training associated with functional capacity, using a combination of therapeutic modalities; cognitive training combined with aerobic exercises; and aerobic exercises associated with improved walking distance. Health professionals should seek methods and know how to distinguish them before making any decision.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamilla Vieira Feitosa, Nádia Gomes Batista dos Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Temporal evolution of the approach to functioning in early intervention under the perspective of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health: a systematic review
Effective early interventions must guarantee child development in natural environments and improve their functioning. This study aimed to analyze the temporal evolution of the approach to functioning in early intervention programs using the international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) as a reference. We included randomized clinical trials that studied early intervention programs in children aged from zero to six years. The significant concepts in the outcomes of interventions were linked to the ICF. This review included 56 articles and evaluated 74 outcomes. It generated 82 ICF codes, which encompassed the ICF domains of body functions, activities, participation, and environmental factors. The included early intervention programs partially addressed functioning over the years.
Copyright (c) 2026 Letícia Helene Mendes Ferreira, Shamyr Sulyvan de Castro, Ana Caroline Belo Alencar, Maria Caroline da Silva, Kátia Virginia Viana-Cardoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Clinical-functional frailty and risk of developing sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults
Older adults should be routinely screened for frailty, which threatens healthy aging. The Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20) is a frailty screening tool that has been increasingly used, although little is known about its association with sarcopenia screening tools. This study evaluated clinical-functional frailty in older adults using the IVCF-20, seeking to determine its relationship with the risk of developing sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study included 40 community-dwelling older adults (73.4±7.9 years, 75% female) who underwent the IVCF- 20. In addition, they underwent calf circumference (CC) measurement, SARC-CalF, handgrip strength (HGS), fiverepetition chair stand test (CS-5), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). According to the IVCF-20, 30%, 40%, and 30% of participants were classified as robust, pre-vulnerable and vulnerable, respectively. The IVCF-20 score correlated with CS-5 (rs=0.75, p≤0.0001), TUG (rs=0.67, p≤0.0001), and SARCCalF (rs=0.52, p=0.0005). IVCF-20 was also associated with White skin-color, physical inactivity, smoking history, orthopedic disease, heart disease, and neurological disease. There was no significant correlation between IVCF-20 and CC or HGS. The IVCF- 20 categories were statistically different in terms of the following variables: age, height, SARC-CalF, CS-5, and TUG. In communitydwelling older adults, there is a relationship between clinicalfunctional frailty assessed by the IVCF-20, sarcopenia, mobility, and body balance. Furthermore, there is a relationship between clinical-functional frailty and the burden of disease. Thus, the IVCF-20 can be considered an indicator of good health and overall functioning in older adults.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agnaldo José Lopes, Júnia Moreira Macedo, Humberto Negrão Teixeira Fernandes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Respiratory profile of patients with neuromuscular disease and adherence to the use of noninvasive non-invasive ventilation
Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) are characterized by progressive loss of respiratory muscle strength, which alters pulmonary compliance and reduces bronchial hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical-functional respiratory profile of children, adolescents, and young adults with NMD who adhered or did not adhere to the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with an indication for NIV use. A reduction in symptoms was observed (dyspnea, p<0.02), along with an association between the difference in peak expiratory flow and peak cough flow (r=0.503; p<0.02); an inverse relationship between peak cough flow and the number of hours of NIV use (r=−0.33; p<0.05); a linear relationship between maximal inspiratory pressure and age (r=0.413; p<0.01); and an inverse relationship between maximal expiratory pressure and the number of hours of NIV use (r=−0.34; p<0.04). The number of hospitalizations requiring intubation was zero. Among the benefits of NIV are a trend toward symptom reduction and a decrease in the rate of respiratory failure requiring hospitalization. There was an increase in maximal inspiratory pressures despite the decline in pulmonary function, which was not associated with the number of hours of NIV use
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurilda Bispo de Souza, Carla Peixoto Vinha de Souza, Simone dos Santos Zicari, Maurício de Andrade Perez, Clemax Couto Sant’Anna, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo Sant’Anna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the motor development of at-risk infants who received face-to-face and remote assistance
’Early intervention programs have continuously treated infants and their families during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic via online platforms. Such remote treatment aimed to minimize the deleterious effects social isolation could bring to subjects in full development. Yet the results of this process ’were unknown, including toward a new approach to care. Thus, this study aimed to assess whether the positive effects of face-to-face early motor intervention on the motor development of at-risk infants mirror those in remote sessions. This comparative ex-post-facto study evaluated the motor development of at-risk infants by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. All subscales showed significant differences from pre-to-post treatment in both groups, which were not different from each other. However, evaluating percentiles showed a statistically significant difference in the remote group. In the sample, 15 infants received face-to-face treatment and 15, remote care. This study aimed to investigate remote early physical therapy interventions due to the efficacy the home environment and the remote physical therapy guided by a professional.
Copyright (c) 2026 Evelyn Vieira Schoingele, Laís Rodrigues Gerzson, Carla Skilhan de Almeida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
P/PF ratio as a new criterion to classify the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome
The Berlin criteria has classified ARDS since 2012, indicating its severity via P/F within 24 hours after diagnosis. It can identify severe patients but suits moderate and mild cases less precisely, necessitating the search for other tools that can accurately predict pulmonary impairment levels. A new evaluation uses PEEP levels for its definitions following P/PF. This cross-sectional study was carried out in ICUs at a public hospital in southern Brazil with patients aged over 18 years who were under mechanical ventilation and had been diagnosed with ARDS during hospitalization. The data that defined disease severity according to P/F and P/PF were compared on Stata®, version 12. The sample consisted of 85 patients, 91.7% of whom lied in the transmission window of COVID-19. The classification models showed differences (p<0.67) regarding P/F since they obtained moderate and severe results. Severe P/PF patients had a 54.9% average death rate, near the total average mortality rate in this study (55.29%), showing that P/FP better predicts severity in patients with ARDS due to its greater approximation of mortality percentages. However, furthers studies with larger samples and a greater number of classification variables may better predict ICU outcomes
Copyright (c) 2026 Adriele Wience do Vale, Jeanny Franciela Kos Moleta, Péricles Martim Reche, Gabriel Gomes Vilar de Sousa, Paula Motta dos Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0