Brechas en el enfoque fisioterapéutico de la funcionalidad y la discapacidad posaccidente cerebrovascular: una revisión del alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Palabras clave:
Accidente Cerebrovascular, Modalidades de Fisioterapia, Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, Discapacidad y la SaludResumen
Este estudio pretendió investigar si el uso del modelo
biopsicosocial en la atención médica puede apuntar a deficiencias en
el enfoque de los dominios de salud que hacen que la atención sea
menos integral. No hay información sobre cómo los fisioterapeutas
utilizan el modelo en la atención a personas que hayan sufrido un
accidente cerebrovascular (ACV). Estos datos pueden contribuir a
las decisiones sanitarias y a la asignación de recursos en diferentes
escenarios de intervención. Esta revisión del alcance analizó los
ensayos clínicos realizados por fisioterapeutas que se enfrentaron a
la funcionalidad/discapacidad en adultos pos-ACV como resultado,
con el objetivo de investigar el enfoque del modelo biopsicosocial.
Se excluyeron de este estudio los artículos en que la intervención fue
aplicada por otros profesionales y aquellos que fueron publicados
únicamente en idiomas no dominados por los autores. La selección
realizada por dos revisores ciegos arrojó 25 artículos en ocho
bases de datos (Medline, PEDro, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, CINAHL
y Web of Science, y en Cochrane Central). El contenido de las
medidas para evaluar la funcionalidad/discapacidad se vinculó a
los dominios de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento,
la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF). Con las categorías CIF, se
realizó un análisis de contenido más detallado que permitió una
comparación precisa entre los escenarios de intervención. El
enfoque de funcionalidad/discapacidad se centra en cubrir los
elementos de actividad del modelo biopsicosocial, principalmente
la movilidad y el autocuidado, independientemente del entorno.
Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser útiles para orientar la
práctica de los fisioterapeutas, al ofrecer datos para que los gestores
sanitarios adopten oficialmente el modelo como guía de decisión,
y para aclarar algunos objetivos de la atención fisioterapéutica a
los pacientes.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Shamyr Sulyvan de Castro; Sofia Queiros Vieira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
