La ecografía diafragmática como predictora del destete de la ventilación mecánica en adultos: una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Palabras clave:
Ultrasonografía, Diafragma, Desconexión del VentiladorResumen
La ecografía diafragmática (ED) se ha utilizado en
la evaluación de varias enfermedades respiratorias. Debido a la
portabilidad, este examen se puede realizar fácilmente en la cama,
en salas de hospitalización, en urgencias y, especialmente, en la
unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El objetivo de este artículo es
reconocer y analizar mediante evidencia científica cómo la ecografía
diafragmática puede corroborar el destete seguro de la VMI. Esta
es una revisión integradora de la literatura. Se realizó una búsqueda
bibliográfica entre septiembre y noviembre de 2022. La búsqueda
se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos electrónicas SciELO, LILACS
y PubMed. Se incluyeron ocho artículos, que habían sido evaluados
por las escalas Newcastle-Ottawa y PEDro, lo cual apunta a una
calidad metodológica de intermedia a alta. En total, los estudios
incluyeron a 482 voluntarios adultos, de ambos sexos, de 58,09 ±
8,03 años de edad, sometidos a ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI)
durante al menos 24 horas y que tenían condiciones ventilatorias
para continuar con el destete de la VMI. En los estudios seleccionados
se encontraron tres variables evaluativas: excursión diafragmática
(ExD) (75%); grosor diafragmático (Tdi) (62,5%); y fracción de
engrosamiento diafragmático (FED) (100%). La incorporación de
las variables Tdi, ExD y FED en los protocolos de destete de VMI
en pacientes críticos parece contribuir positivamente a la toma de
decisiones sobre el momento ideal para el destete, lo cual reduce
las fallas de extubación
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Derechos de autor 2025 Enathanael Ribeiro Soares, Joel Freires de Alencar Arrais, Flávio Vinicius Fagundes Xavier, Adalberto Veronese da Costa, Glêbia Alexa Cardoso, Wildberg Alencar Lima
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
