Study of the weathering alterations in a 19th century sculpture of Jesus Christ and its support, belonging to the Monastery of São Bento, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v21-178458Keywords:
Marble, Alabaster, Alterability of rocks, Monastery of São Bento in Rio de Janeiro, Technological characterization of rocksAbstract
The Monastery of São Bento in Rio de Janeiro has a sculpture of the bust of Jesus Christ on a support from the 19th century on display. Both pieces are affected by weathering and have been degraded. A technological characterization of the pieces and some tests were carried out, which provided data that helped to understand the causes of these alterations. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), colorimetric test, determination of water absorption (Karsten tube), P-wave velocity, and hardness evaluation were performed. The parts were washed for evaluation of pollutants and pH. The results of the XRD indicated that the sculpture is composed of marble (mainly calcite) and the support of alabaster. The results of XRF corroborated with those of XRD, pointing out that the sculpture is composed of 49.90% calcium oxide and 44.30% loss on ignition, associated with the presence of carbonates, while the support contains 30.90% calcium oxide, 21.90% sulfur oxide, and 22.00% loss on ignition. In the colorimetric test, the sculpture was classified as dark grey, while similar unweathered marbles, used for comparison, tend to light grey and white. In the water absorption test, both pieces showed low permeability. The hardness test indicated higher mean values for the statue (489.07; 411.20; and 452.19 HLD) than for the support (188.14; 172.28; 164.57; and 201.71 HLD), indicating that marble is more resistant than alabaster. The results made it possible to identify that the changes are mainly due to where the sculpture is placed, thus allowing us to propose measures to aid in the conservation of historical objects.
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