Geochemical modeling of basic pegmatites from Foz do Iguaçu in the Itaipu region, western Paraná, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v23-206926Keywords:
Paraná Igneous Province, Basaltic flows, Lithogeochemistry, Fractional crystallization, Trace elementsAbstract
In the westernmost portion of the state of Paraná, in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, basic pegmatites occur within inflated pahoehoe basaltic flows of the Paraná Igneous Province. Both rock groups are composed of similar mineral assemblages which include labradorite, augite, ilmenite and titano-magnetite, but pegmatites are medium to coarse grained, whereas basalts are fine grained. Host rocks are geochemically classified as basalts (s.s.), while pegmatitic segregations are basaltic andesite and basaltic trachy-andesite, according to the TAS [(Na2O + K2O) x SiO2] diagram. Based on the AFM [(Na2O + K2O) – (FeOtot) – (MgO)] diagram, all rocks are included in the tholeiitic series, classified as high-Fe tholeiite basalts in the cation plot [Al x (Fetot + Ti) x Mg]. Variation diagrams indicate enrichment of SiO2, TiO2, FeO, Na2O, K2O e P2O5 coupled with depletion of Al2O3, MgO e CaO from basalts to pegmatites. La/LuN ratios range between 5.4 to 6.5 for basalts and 6.3 to 7.9 for pegmatites reflecting a greater degree of fractionation in the pegmatitic segregations and, therefore, their more evolved character. Plagioclase crystals in pegmatites have higher sodic contents when compared to those found in host basalts, while CaO content in basaltic pyroxenes is higher than those from pegmatitic segregations. Trace element geochemical modeling results show that it is possible to generate basic pegmatites from basalts comprised of 55 wt.% plagioclase, 35 wt.% clinopyroxene and 10 wt.% titanium and iron oxides. The process occurs as fractional crystallization with 50% residual melt.
Downloads
References
Arioli, E. E. (2008). Arquitetura faciológica da sequência vulcânica e o significado exploratório das anomalias geoquímicas de Elementos do Grupo da Platina (EGP) e metais associados no Sistema Magmático Serra Geral, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Thesis (Doctorate). Curitiba: Setor de Ciências da Terra – UFPR. Available at: https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/handle/1884/27955?show=full. Accessed on: Sept. 30, 2020.
Arioli, E. E., Licht, O. A. B., Vasconcellos, E. M. G., Bonnet, K. L., Santos, E. M. (2008). Faciologia vulcânica da Formação Serra Geral na região de Guarapuava, Paraná. IV Simpósio de Vulcanismo e Ambientes Associados. Foz do Iguaçu: SBG.
Arioli, E. E., Licht, O. A. B. (2006). Mapeamento Geológico da Formação Serra Geral: Relatório Final das Folhas Cartográficas de Dionísio Cerqueira e Francisco Beltrão. Curitiba: MINEROPAR, Available at: https://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/handle/doc/10439. Accessed on: Sept. 20, 2020.
Arth, J. G. (1976). Behavior of trace elements during magmatic processes - a summary of theoretical models and their applications. Journal of Research of U.S. Geological Survey, 4(1), 41-47. Available at: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70162511. Accessed on: Mar 1, 2023.
Bellieni, G., Comin-Chiaramonti, P., Marques, L. S., Melfi, A. J., Piccirilo, E. M., Nardy, A. J., Roisenberg, A. J. R. (1984). High-Ti and low-Ti flood basalts from the Paraná plateau (Brazil): petrology and geochemical aspects bearing on their mantle origin. Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 150, 272-306.
Costa, J. (2015). Estratigrafia e geoquímica da sequência de lavas da Província Magmática do Paraná na região da Usina de Itaipu (PR). Thesis (Doctorate). Curitiba: Setor de Ciências da Terra – UFPR. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1884/42082. Accessed on: Sept 30, 2019.
Costa, J., Vasconcellos, E. M. G., Licht, O. A. B., Marzoli, A. (2015). Basic pegmatites in thick lava flows of the Paraná Igneous Province, Itaipu Dam region, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. VI Simpósio de Vulcanismo e Ambientes Associados. São Paulo: SBG. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283086989_Basic_pegmatites_in_thin_lava_flows_of_the_Parana_Igneous_Province_Itaipu_Dam_region_Foz_do_Iguacu_Brazil. Accessed on: Mar 1st, 2023.
Costa, J., Vasconcellos, E. M. G., Licht, O. A. B., Pinto-Coelho, C. V. (2014). Sequência de lavas da Província Magmática do Paraná na região de Foz do Iguaçu: Identificação de derrames tipo pahoehoe, rubbly pahoehoe e a’a’. XLVII Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia. Salvador: SBG.
Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D., Pankhurst, R. J. (1979). The interpretation of igneous rocks. London: Chapman & Hall. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3373-1
Deer, A. A. W., Howie, R. A., Zussman, J. (2000). Minerais constituintes das rochas: uma introdução. Lisboa: Logmans, Green and Co. https://doi.org/10.1180/DHZ
Dunham, K. C. (1933). Crystal cavities in lavas from the Hawaiian Islands. American Mineralogist, 18(9), 369-385. Available at: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/18/9/369/536718/Crystal-Cavities-in-Lavas-fromthe-Hawaiian. Accessed on: Mar 1st, 2023.
Ferreira, C. H. N. (2011). Geologia do derrame Salto do Lontra e gênese dos pegmatitos básicos associados, Província Magmática do Paraná, sudoeste do estado do Paraná. Dissertation (Master). Curitiba: Setor de Ciências da Terra – UFPR. Available at: https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/handle/1884/28823?show=full. Accessed on: Oct 20, 2020.
Gomes, A. S., Licht, O. A. B., Vasconcellos, E. M. G., Soares, J. S. (2018). Chemostratigraphy and evolution of the Paraná Igneous Province volcanism in the central portion of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 355, 253-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.09.002
Gomes, A. S., Vasconcelos, P. M., Ubide, T., Vasconcellos, E. M. G. (2022). Magmatic and hydrothermal evolution of mafic pegmatites and their host basalts, Paraná Large Igneous Province, Brazil. Lithos, 408-409, 106547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106547
Greenough, J. D., Dostal, J. (1992). Cooling history and differentiation of a thick North Mountain basalt flow. Bulletin of Volcanology, 55, 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301120
Hartley, M. E., Thordarson, T. (2009). Melt segregations in a Columbia River Basalt lava flow: A possible mechanism for the formation of highly evolved mafic magmas. Lithos, 112(3-4), 434-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.003
Irvine, T. N., Baragar, W. R. A. (1971). A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8(5), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-055
Jahns, R. H. (1955). The study of pegmatites. Economic Geology, 50th Anniversary Volume, Part II, 1025-1130. https://doi.org/10.5382/AV50.25
Janasi, V. A., Freitas, V. A., Heaman, L. H. (2011). The onset of flood basalt volcanism, Northern Paraná Basin, Brazil: A precise U–Pb baddeleyite/zircon age for a Chapecó-type dacite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 302(1-2), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.005
Jefferson, C. W., Hulbert, L. J., Rainbird, R. H., Hall, G. E. M., Grégoire, D. C., Grinenko, L. I. (1994). Mineral Resource Assessment of the Neoproterozoic Franklin Igneous Events of Arctic Canada: Comparison with the Permo-Triassic Noril’sk-Talnakh Ni-Cu-Pge Deposits of Russia. Geological Survey of Canada. Available at: https://emrlibrary.gov.yk.ca/gsc/open_files/2789/of_2789.pdf. Accessed on: June 5, 2020.
Jensen, L. S., Pyke, D. R. (1983). Komatiites in the Ontario portion of the Abitibi belt. In: Arndt, N. T., Nisbet, E. G. (Eds.). Komatiites. London: George Allen and Unwin. P. 147-157.
Kontak, D. J., De, Y. M., Young, W. D., Dostal, J. (2002). Late-Stage Crystallization History of the Jurassic North Mountain Basalt, Nova Scotia, Canada. I. Textural and Chemical Evidence for Pervasive Development of Silicate-Liquid Immiscibility. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40(5), 1287-1311. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.40.5.1287
Lacroix, A. (1929). Les pegmatitoides des roches volcaniques à facies basaltiques: à propos de celles du Wei-Tchang. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 8(1), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1929.mp8001005.x
Le Maitre, R. W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., Le Bas, M., Bonin, B., Bateman, P. (Eds.) (2002). Igneous rocks: A classification and glossary of terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535581
Licht, O. A. B. (2001). A geoquímica multielementar na gestão ambiental. Identificação e caracterização de províncias geoquímicas naturais, alterações antrópicas da paisagem, áreas favoráveis à prospecção mineral e regiões de risco à saúde no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Thesis (Doctorate). Curitiba: Setor de Ciências da Terra – UFPR. Available at: https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/handle/1884/41646. Accessed on: Sept 6, 2020.
Licht, O. A. B. (2018). A revised chemo-chrono-stratigraphic 4-D model for the extrusive rocks of the Paraná Igneous Province. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 355, 32-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.12.003
Licht, O. A. B., Arioli, E. E. (2000). Projeto de Prospecção Mineral no Terceiro Planalto. Relatório Interno. Curitiba: Mineropar.
Licht, O. A. B., Arioli, E. E. (2018). Mapa geológico do Grupo Serra Geral no estado do Paraná: nota explicativa. Curitiba: Instituto de Terras, Cartografia e Geologia do Paraná (ITCG). Available at: http://www.iat.pr.gov.br/Pagina/Mapeamento-Geologico. Accessed on: May 20, 2021.
Mantovani, M. S. M., Marques, L. S., De Sousa, M. A., Civetta, L., Attala, L., Innocenti, F. (1985). Trace element and strontium isotope constraints on the origin and evolution of Parana Continental Flood Basalts of Santa Catarina State (Southern Brazil). Journal of Petrology, 26(1), 187-209. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/26.1.187
Marques, S. L., Ernesto, M. (2004). O magmatismo toleítico da Bacia do Paraná. In: Mantesso-Neto, V., Bartorelli, A., Carneiro, C. D. R., Brito-Neves, B. B. (Eds.), Geologia do Continente Sul-Americano: Evolução da Obra de Fernando Flávio Marques de Almeida. São Paulo: Beca. P. 245-263. Available at: https://geologia.ufc.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/geologia-docontinente.pdf. Accessed on: Apr 15, 2021.
McDonough, W. F., Sun S. (1995). The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120(3-4), 223-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4
Merle, R., Caroff, M., Girardeau, J., Cotten, J., Guivela, C. (2005). Segregation vesicles, cylinders, and sheets in vapordifferentiated pillow lavas: Examples from Tore-Madeira Rise and Chile Triple Junction. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 141(1-2), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.09.007
Middlemost, E. A. K. (1989). Iron oxidation ratios, norms and the classification of volcanic rocks. Chemical Geology, 77(1), 19-26. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(89)90011-9
Morimoto, N. (1988). Nomenclature of pyroxenes. American Mineralogist, 73, 1123-1133. Available at: http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/am73/am73_1123.pdf. Accessed on: Dec 7, 2020.
Oliveira, A. V., Vasconcellos, E. M. G., Licht, O. A. B., Santos, A. M. (2020). Petrography and geochemistry of basic pegmatites of the Paraná Igneous Province, southwest of the Paraná State. Geologia USP. Série Científica, 20(4), 79-101. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v20-161586
Peate, D. W. (1997). The Paraná-Etendeka Province. In: Mahoney, J. J., Coffin, M. F. (Eds.). Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Food Volcanism. American Geophysical Union, 100, 217-245. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM100p0217
Peate, D. W., Hawkesworth, C. J., Mantovani, M. S. M. (1992). Chemical stratigraphy of the Paraná lavas (South America): classification of magma types and their spatial distribution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 55, 119-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301125
Philpotts, A. R., Carrol, M., Hill, J. M. (1996). Crystal-Mush Compaction and the Origin of Pegmatitic Segregation Sheets in a Thick Flood-Basalt Flow in the Mesozoic Hartford Basin, Connecticut. Journal of Petrology, 37(4), 811-836. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/37.4.811
Piccirillo, E. M., Melfi, A. J. (1988). The Mesozoic flood volcanism of the Paraná Basin: petrogenetic and geophysical aspects. São Paulo: Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico/USP.
Prowatke, S., Klemme, S. (2006). Trace element partitioning between apatite and silicate melts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(17), 4513-4527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.162
Puffer, J. H., Horter, D. L. (1993). Origin of pegmatitic segregation veins within flood basalts. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105(6), 738-748. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0738:OOPSVW>2.3.CO;2
Renjith, M. L. (2014). Micro-textures in plagioclase from 1994 - 1995 eruption, Barren Island Volcano: Evidence of dynamic magma plumbing system in the Andaman subduction zone. Geoscience Frontiers, 5(1), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.03.006
Rollinson, H., Pease, V. (2021). Using Geochemical Data to Understand Geological Processes. 2nd Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108777834
Rossetti, M. L., Lima, E. F., Waichel, B. L., Scherer, C. M., Barreto, C. J. (2014). Stratigraphical framework of basaltic lavas in Torres Syncline main valley, southern Paraná-Etendeka Volcanic Province. Journal of American Earth Sciences, 56, 409-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2014.09.025
Santin, S. F. (1969). Pegmatitoides in the horizontal basalts of the Lanzarote e Fuerteventura Islands, Series I. Bulletin Volcanologique, 33, 989-1007. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597705
Self, S., Keszthelyi, L., Thordarson, T. (1998). The Importance of Pahoehoe. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 26, 81-110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.81
Self, S., Thordarson, T., Keszthelyi, L. (1997). Emplacement of Continental Flood Basalt Lava Flows. In: Mahoney, J. J., Coffin, M. F. (Eds.). Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union. p. 381-410. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM100
Shelley, D. (1992). Igneous and metamorphic rocks under the microscope: classification, textures, microstructures and mineral preferred orientation. London: Springer
Dordrecht, 445 p.
Soares, J. S. (2016). Relações temporais, petrológicas e geoquímicas entre pegmatitos básicos e basaltos encaixantes da Província Magmática do Paraná no Sudoeste do Paraná. Dissertation (Master). Curitiba: Setor de Ciências da Terra – UFPR. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1884/43623. Accessed on: Nov 12, 2020.
Szubert, E. C., Grazia, C. A., Shintaku, I. (1979). Projeto Cobre em Itapiranga: relatório final (v. III). Porto Alegre: Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais (CPRM), Superintendência Regional de Porto Alegre.
Titon, B. G. (2016). Modelagem geoquímica de pegmatitos básicos na região de Itaipu, Foz Do Iguaçu - PR. Monograph. (Bachelor of Science). Curitiba: Setor de Ciências da Terra – UFPR. Available at: http://www.geologia.ufpr.br/portal/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Bruno-Titon-TCC.pdf. Accessed on: Oct 13, 2020.
Titon, B. G., Vasconcellos, E. M. G., Valore, L. A., Dias, I. A., Bahniuk, A. M. (2021). Mineralogical and physicochemical constraints on the hydrothermalism of volcanic rocks in the Paraná Igneous Province, northwestern Paraná state, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 112(1), 103554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103554
Vasconcellos, E. M. G., Licht, O. A. B., Braga, L. S. L., Bittencourt, A. V. L. (2001). Gabros da Bacia do Paraná: Aspectos petrográficos e geoquímicos. VIII Congresso
Brasileiro de Geoquímica; I Simpósio de Geoquímica dos Países do Mercosul. Curitiba: SBGq.
Viccaro, M., Giacomoni, P. P., Ferlito, C., Cristofolini, R. (2010). Dynamics of magma supply at Mt. Etna Volcano (southern Italy) as revealed by textural and compositional features of plagioclase phenocrysts. Lithos, 116(1-2), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.12.012
Waichel, B. L., Lima, E. F., Sommer C. A. (2006). Tipos de derrame e reconhecimento de estruturas nos basaltos da Formação Serra Geral - Terminologia e aspectos de campo. Pesquisa em Geociências, 33(2), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.19521
Walker, F. (1953). The pegmatitic differentiates of basic sheets. American Journal of Science, 251(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.251.1.41
Wildner, W., Brito, R. S., Licht, O. A. B., Arioli, E. E. (2006). Geologia e Recursos Minerais do Sudoeste do estado do Paraná - Escala 1:200.000. Brasília: CPRM. Available at: https://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/10439?show=full. Accessed on: Dec 2, 2020.
Wood, D. A., Joron, J. L., Treuil, M., Norry, M., Tarney, J. (1979). Elemental and Sr isotope variations in basic lavas from Iceland and the surrounding ocean floor. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 70(3), 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375360
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Bruno Titon, Eleonora Maria Gouvêa Vasconcellos, Otávio Augusto Boni Licht, Andrea Marzoli
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal shall comply with the following terms:
- Authors keep their copyright and grant to Geologia USP: Série Científica the right of first publication, with the paper under the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license (summary of the license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 | full text of the license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode) that allows the non-commercial sharing of the paper and granting the proper copyrights of the first publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), granting the proper copyrights of first publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their paper online (in institutional repositories or their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, since this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and citation of the published paper (See The effect of Open Access and downloads on citation impact).
How to Cite
Funding data
-
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Grant numbers 2019/22084-8 -
Fundação Parque Tecnológico Itaipu