Geotechnical evaluation and kinematic analysis of the Mascate's Waterfall as subsidy for ecotourism in Coromandel, Minas Gerais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-230851Keywords:
Geosite, Geotechnics, Rock massif, Safety factor, Slope stability, TourismAbstract
This paper presents a geological and geotechnical evaluation combined with a kinematic analysis of Mascate Waterfall, located in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesoregion. It also explores potential implications for regional ecotourism. The rock massif is composed exclusively of quartzite, characterized by incipient foliation and varying degrees of weathering. The quartzite beds exhibit a dip direction of 210°, with dips ranging from 16° to 54° to SW. The waterfall slope is oriented at 045° with an average dip of 75° to NE. The Rock Quality Designation (RQD) index classifies the rock mass as “Regular”, while the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) designates it as Class III (“Reasonable”). Kinematic analyses indicate potential failure types with the following probabilities: planar (9%), wedge (29%), direct toppling (26%), oblique toppling (1%), and flexural toppling (3%). Planar failures are predominantly controlled by NW-SE-oriented fractures with subvertical dips. Direct and oblique toppling failures occur along the metamorphic foliation. The calculated safety factor of 1.30 suggests stable conditions for the waterfall slope regarding different types of ruptures. However, heavy rainfall between November to March can lead to greater slope instability, increasing the likelihood of rupture. The base of the waterfall is surrounded by numerous fallen boulders, suggesting significant gravitational mass movements. Based on the geological, geotechnical, and kinematic analysis of Cachoeira do Mascate, simple actions are proposed to reduce potential geological risks.
Downloads
References
Barton, N., Lien, R., Lunde, J. J. R. M. (1974). Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mechanics, 6, 189-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239496.
Barros, J. S., Oliveira Filho, J. M., Oliveira Filho, I. B., Fernandes, R. J. A. R., Nascimento, J. R. S. (2022) Avaliação geotécnica dos cânions do Rio Poti: Buriti dos Montes, PI. Relatório Técnico, SGB/CPRM.
Bieniawski, Z. T. (1973). Engineering Classification of Jointed Rock Masses. The Civil Engineer in South Africa, 15, 335-344. Disponível em: https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_17397. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Bieniawski, Z. T. (1989). Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. Disponível em: https://iem.ca/pdf/resources/Engineering%20Rock%20Mass%20Classifications_%20A%20Complete%20Manual%20for%20Engineers%20and%20Geologists%20in%20Mining,%20Civil,%20and%20Petroleum%20Engineering.pdf. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Brown, E. T. (1981). Rock Characterization Testing and Monitoring. ISRM - International Society for Rock Mechanics, Suggested Methods. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 211 p.
EMBRATUR - Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo. (1994). Diretrizes para uma política nacional do ecoturismo. BRASIL. Disponível em: https://ambientes.ambientebrasil.com.br/ecoturismo/politica_nacional_de_ecoturismo/diretrizes_para_uma_politica_nacional_de_ecoturismo.html. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
EMBRATUR - Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo. (2024). Infográfico - Turismo de Natureza. BRASIL. Disponível em: https://embratur.com.br/2024/03/04/embratur-lanca--infografico-turismo-de-natureza-conheca/. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Féboli, W. L., Pinheiro, M. A. P. (2015). Carta Geológica de Monte Carmelo - Folha SE.23-Y-A-V. Escala 1:100.000. Serviço Geológico do Brasil - SGB/CPRM. Disponível em: https://rigeo.sgb.gov.br/bitstream/doc/19397/16/Folha_Monte_Carmelo.pdf. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Hoek, E., Bray, J. W., Boyd, J. M. (1973). The stability of a rock slope containing a wedge resting on two intersecting discontinuities. Quarterly Journal Engineering Geology And Hydrogeology, 6(1) 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1973.006.01.01.
Hoek, E., Bray, J. D. (1981). Rock Slope Engineering, 3rd Ed. London: Inst. Mining and Metallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482267099.
Hoek, E., Brown, E. T. (1980). Empirical strength criterion for rock masses. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 106 (9), 1013-1035.
ISRM - International Society for Rock Mechanics. (1978). Suggested Methods for the Quantitative Description of Discontinuities in Rock Mass. Grã-bretanha, 15, 319-368. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313659691_Suggested_methods_for_the_quantitative_description_of_discontinuities_in_rock_masses_International_Society_for_Rock_Mechanics. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Moreira, J. C. (2014). Geoturismo e interpretação ambiental. Ponta Grossa: Editora UEPG. https://doi.org/10.7476/9788577982134.
Oliveira, P. C. A. (2015). Avaliação do patrimônio geomorfológico potencial dos municípios de Coromandel e Vazante, MG. Tese (Doutorado). Uberlândia: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufu.br/bitstream/123456789/16006/1/AvaliacaoPatrimonioGeomorfologico.pdf. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Oliveira Filho, I. B., Barros, J. S., Dias, G. P. (2023). Avaliações geotécnicas em atrativos geoturísticos: Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco. Relatório Técnico, SGB-CPRM. OMT - Organização Mundial De Turismo. (2003). Guia de desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável. Tradução de Sandra Netz. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 168p.
Palmström, A. (1982) The Volumetric Joint Count a Useful and Simple Measure of the Degree of Jointing. 4th International Congress IAEG, Proceedings, 221-228. New Delhi, 10-15 December 1982.
Palmström, A. (2005). Measurements of and correlations between block size and rock quality designation (RQD). Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 20(4), 362-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.01.005.
Pinho, J. M. M., Féboli, W. L., Signorelli, N., Tuller, M. P., Brito, D. C., Ribeiro, J. H., Baptista R. N., Silva, R. N. (2017). Geologia e recursos minerais das folhas: Cabeceira Grande, Unaí, Ribeirão Arrojado, Serra da Aldeia, Serra da Tiririca, Paracatu, Guarda-Mor, Arrenegado, Coromandel, Lagamar, Monte Carmelo e Patos de Minas. Serviço Geológico do Brasil - SGB/CPRM. Disponível em: https://rigeo.sgb.gov.br/handle/doc/19397. Acessado em 24 jan. 2025.
Rocha, M. (1976). Alguns problemas relativos a Mecânica das Rochas dos materiais de baixa resistência. Geotecnia. (Revista de Sociedade Portuguesa de Geotecnia), 19, 69-71. https://doi.org/10.14195/2184-8394_19_4.
Pires, P. S. (2000). Dimensões do ecoturismo. São Paulo: Editora Senac, 272 p. Ribeiro, J. H., Féboli, W. L. (2013). Carta Geológica de Coromandel - Folha SE.23-Y-A-II. Escala 1:100.000. Serviço Geológico do Brasil - SGB/CPRM. Disponível em: https://rigeo.sgb.gov.br/bitstream/doc/19397/4/Folha_Coromandel.pdf. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Silva, D. J. (2023). Diretrizes para a realização de análises de estabilidade de taludes utilizando os métodos de projeção estereográfica e análise cinemática e de sensibilidade. Revista Brasileira de Geologia de Engenharia e Ambiental. 13(1), 37-55. Disponível em: https://www.abge.org.br/arquivos/RevistaABGE-13-1.pdf. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Vincent, V. C., Thompson, W. (2002). Assessing Community support and sustainability for ecotourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 41(2), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728702237415.
Wyllie, D. C., Mah, C. W. (2004). Rock Slope Engineering Civil and Mining. London – New York: Spoon Press. 4ª Edição. Disponível em: https://civilenglineering.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/rock_slope_engineering_civil_and_mining.pdf. Acessado em: 24 jan. 2025.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Samuel Fonseca Oliveira, Luciano Alessandretti, José Carlos Paranhos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal shall comply with the following terms:
- Authors keep their copyright and grant to Geologia USP: Série Científica the right of first publication, with the paper under the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license (summary of the license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 | full text of the license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode) that allows the non-commercial sharing of the paper and granting the proper copyrights of the first publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), granting the proper copyrights of first publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their paper online (in institutional repositories or their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, since this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and citation of the published paper (See The effect of Open Access and downloads on citation impact).
