Geologia USP. Série Científica
type: channel
description: To divulge geoscientific research by means of the publication of carefully analysed, original papers concerning academic and applied themes in the various Geology areas.
publisher: Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Geociências
language: en
publication name: Geologia USP. Série Científica
issn: 2316-9095
copyright: Authors who publish in this journal shall comply with the following terms: Authors keep their copyright and grant to Geologia USP: Série Científica the right of first publication, with the paper under the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license (summary of the license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 | full text of the license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode) that allows the non-commercial sharing of the paper and granting the proper copyrights of the first publication in this journal. Authors are authorized to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), granting the proper copyrights of first publication in this journal. Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their paper online (in institutional repositories or their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, since this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and citation of the published paper (See The effect of Open Access and downloads on citation impact).
items: Preface
items: Gullies inventory based on Google Earth PRO anaglyph imagesfrom Conceição da Barra de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
items: Geoturistic Route in the Independency Park, SP
items: Compilation of a harmonized point collection of the vertical deformation componentfrom the 7.6 Mw Limón Earthquake of 1991 in Costa Rica and a comparisonwith the current state of deformation
items: Influence of the Romanche Fracture Zone on the tectono-depositional evolution of the Barreirinhas Basin, Brazilian Equatorial Margin
items: Acknowledgments
items: Magmatic-hydrothermal signature based on sulfur isotopes, from the Paraíba vein deposit and the disseminated Target X1, Alta Floresta Mineral Province (MT)
items: Supervised learning for categorization of geological domain
items: Rediscovering Lucky Hill: SEM-EDS insights into the composition and weathering of a Jamaican meteorite
items: Reduction of risk in short-term resource estimation with increased noise samples
items: Interaction of magmatic and meteoric water during barite crystallization in the Seival area (Cu), epithermal deposit from the Camaquã Basin, Neoproterozoic Dom Feliciano Belt of southern Brazil
items: Radiometric signatures of plutons from ediacaran magmatism in the Rio Piranhas-Seridó Domain, Borborema Province, NE Brazil
items: Data on the production and occurrence of large diamonds of the Southern Espinhaço Range diamond province, Minas Gerais, Brazil: historical record and oral memory and its geological significance
items: Proposition of a Method for Estimation of Geomorphological Ratios for Watersheds: Reduction of Uncertainties by the Method of Dispersion of Morphometric Parameters
items: Apatite as petrogenetic indicator in magmatic rocks: evidence from cathodoluminescence and chemical microanalysis
items: Evidence of sedimentary connectivity on the south-southeastern coast of Brazil based on heavy minerals
items: Evaluation of the potential of contamination of groundwater by pesticides on the Ibiapaba Plateau – CE
items: Influence of the barra fault system on the occurrence of mass movements in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia
items: 3D modelling and structural restoration of the deformation in deposits of the Taubaté Basin (Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil)
items: https://revistas.usp.br/guspsc/en/article/view/240738
items: Geological-geophysical integration of the Jaguaquara Sheet, Bahia, Brazil
items: Osteological profile of new Mesosauridae from the Irati Formation (Paraná Basin)
items: The transformation of by-products from emerald mining into soil remineralizers: the case study of the Local Production Cluster in Monte Santo/TO
items: Occurrences of sedimentary phosphate in phanerozoic covers in the Arraias region - TO, west edge of the São Francisco Basin, Brazil
items: Prefácio
items: Marine microplankton responses during the Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs)

Preface
type: item
description: Geologia USP. Série Científica - Revista do Instituto de Geociências, USP.
subject: Prefácio
  topic: section
subject: Geosciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Gullies inventory based on Google Earth PRO anaglyph imagesfrom Conceição da Barra de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
type: item
description: Gullies are erosive features developed through water erosion processes, which combine runoff and subsurface water flow, which can mobilize great volumes of soil and cause severe impacts to both rural and urban areas. The south of Minas Gerais (Brazil) has been affected by soil degradation due to gullying, especially in Nazareno and Conceição da Barra de Minas. It is essential to assess the already eroded areas to obtain information on environmental conditions and deflagrant agents that dominate in the study area. Considering the lack of data in Conceição da Barra de Minas and the inexistence of a gully inventory in this municipality, we used anaglyphs of satellite images from 2023 and 2024 to identify and delimit gullies in 103 cells of 2,000 x 2,000 meters, which were compared with hypsometry, slope, geology, soils, watershed, and land use and land cover maps. The inventory identified 238 gullies, with an area of 727.63 ha. Most gullies were concentrated in the south of the study area, especially in the Palmital stream watershed. These features are situated in altimetric ranges between 940 and over 1,000 meters, occurring on slopes varying from 3 – 8% to 20 – 45%. The gullies are primarily associated with lithologies of the Cassiterita orthogneiss, Represa de Camargos metagranodiorite, and the Nazareno Formation. They develop within Cambisols and red-yellow Oxisols, often near to water springs, and are spatially correlated with regions used for temporary agriculture and pasture activities. These new insights provide tools to both avoid and recover eroded areas in Conceição da Barra de Minas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Erosion
  topic: keywords
subject: Degraded areas
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental cartography
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geotechnical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ádria Kanome Mori Soares
creator: Valéria Guimarães Silvestre Rodrigues
creator: Silvio Crestana
creator: Rogério Resende Martins Ferreira
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-25
publication date: 2026-05-25
starting page: 69
ending page: 86
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v26-240164

Geoturistic Route in the Independency Park, SP
type: item
description: Located in southern São Paulo City, the Independence Park is an urban leisure complex and a heritage site of cultural and civic importance. In addition to its extensive green areas and recreational spaces, the park houses the Paulista Museum, Casa do Grito, the Monument to the Independence, and the Imperial Crypt — buildings of great historical value associated with Brazil’s independence. Despite being highly visited by both residents and tourists, there is currently no route that presents to visitors the main stone monuments and their lithological and historical characteristics. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish a geotouristic itinerary aimed at valuing the stone heritage of the Independence Park and promoting the Geosciences. For this purpose, field visits to identify the monuments and their lithologies as well as bibliographic research on their origins were carried out. The itinerary proposed an integrated interpretation of the space, linking the cultural history of the landmarks of the Independence to the natural history recorded in the stones that compose them.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geotour
  topic: keywords
subject: Geodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Stone
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geotourism
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geodiversity
  topic: disciplines
creator: Leonardo Martinez de Paschoal
creator: Eliane Aparecida Del Lama
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eliane Del Lama, Leonardo Martinez de Paschoal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-20
publication date: 2026-05-20
starting page: 55
ending page: 68
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v26-244963

Preface
type: item
description: Geologia USP. Série Científica - Journal of the Instituto de Geociências, USP.
subject: Prefácio
  topic: section
subject: Geosciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Compilation of a harmonized point collection of the vertical deformation componentfrom the 7.6 Mw Limón Earthquake of 1991 in Costa Rica and a comparisonwith the current state of deformation
type: item
description: The Limón earthquake that occurred on April 22, 1991, was one of the largest disasters recorded in Costa Rica, resulting in significant uplift on the Caribbean coast. After the earthquake, there have been several investigations into the surface deformations caused by the main shock. However, there is just one instance where researchers tried to gather a homogeneous deformation dataset from the other studies. In our study, we carried out a deeper investigation into several historical sources that report deformations to fill the information gap. Also, we tested the possibility of using the Costa Rica height system to expand the area of coverage, especially at the epicenter and deeper inland. As a result, we gathered 113 observations from 7 different sources, which dated from the date of the 1991 event to 1999. Furthermore, deformation data at 16 benchmarks from the Costa Rican height network were gathered from different studies and new observations. Most of the benchmarks show a positive deformation for the vertical component even when deformation measurements were carried out 30 years after the earthquake.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uplift
  topic: keywords
subject: Earthquake
  topic: keywords
subject: Co-seismic deformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-seismic relaxation
  topic: keywords
subject: Vertical component
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jaime Garbanzo León
creator: César Hernández Jiménez
creator: Alonso Vega Fernández
creator: Mauricio Varela Sánchez
creator: Juan McGregor Sanabria
creator: Oscar Lücke
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jaime Garbanzo León, César Hernández Jiménez, Alonso Vega Fernández, Mauricio Varela Sánchez, Juan McGregor Sanabria, Oscar H. Lücke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 3
ending page: 17
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v26-239135

Influence of the Romanche Fracture Zone on the tectono-depositional evolution of the Barreirinhas Basin, Brazilian Equatorial Margin
type: item
description: The Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) has emerged as an area of significant scientific and economic interest due to its high petroleum potential, evidenced by major discoveries along conjugate margins of the Equatorial Atlantic. This study investigates the influence of the Romanche Fracture Zone (RFZ) on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Barreirinhas Basin, located in the central sector of the BEM. Based on integrated analysis of five seismic sections and exploratory well data, structures typical of transtensional environments were identified, including subvertical listric normal faults, and negative flower structures, affecting both the basement and overlying sedimentary sequences. These features demonstrate strong tectonic control by the RFZ over the morphology of the continental shelf, slope, and the internal compartmentalization of the rift and drift sequences. The evolution of the Barreirinhas Basin reflects a complex interaction between oblique rifting, strike-slip regimes, and later tectonic reactivations, classifying it as a pull-apart basin. The current configuration of the margin, marked by distinct structural segmentations, underscores the fundamental role of oceanic fracture zones in the genesis and development of basins along the BEM. The results presented contribute to a better understanding of the structural controls on petroleum systems in the equatorial margin and highlight the importance of future studies involving structural modeling and three-dimensional geophysical characterization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transtensional Tectonics
  topic: keywords
subject: Seismic Stratigraphy
  topic: keywords
subject: Pull-apart Basin
  topic: keywords
subject: Flower Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saywry Virginio de Carvalho
creator: David Lopes de Castro
creator: Odilon Keller Filho
creator: Lívian Rafaely de Santana Gomes Pinheiro
creator: Aline Cristine Tavares
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Saywry Virginio de Carvalho, David Lopes de Castro, Odilon Keller Filho, Lívian Rafaely de Santana Gomes Pinheiro, Aline Cristine Tavares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 37
ending page: 54
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v26-239730

Acknowledgments
type: item
description: Geologia USP. Série Científica - Revista do Instituto de Geociências, USP.
subject: Agradecimento
  topic: section
subject: Geosciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 133
ending page: 134

Magmatic-hydrothermal signature based on sulfur isotopes, from the Paraíba vein deposit and the disseminated Target X1, Alta Floresta Mineral Province (MT)
type: item
description: The Paraíba structurally-controlled gold deposit and the X1 disseminated granite-hosted gold occurrence are located at eastern segment of the Alta Floresta Mineral Province, southernmost portion of the Amazon Craton. Both are hosted by Paleoproterozoic oxidized calc-alkaline granites and porphyries, often crosscut by mafic to intermediate volcanic dykes. Such deposits exhibit wide hydrothermal alteration halo with complex pervasive and vein-type paragenetic evolution. The orebodies are dominated by pyrite with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, so far at Paraíba deposit is related to quartz + calcite rich-veins, whereas at X1 occurrence, it is disseminated in the pervasive radial muscovite + quartz alteration. The gold occurs as small inclusions into pyrite. Although the X1 occurrence and Paraíba deposit exhibit distinct ore-style, the gold-rich porphyry model has been attributed to the former, whereas ambiguities related to few geological attributes of the Paraíba have allowed debate regarding its ore-forming processes. The dentification of sulfur isotopic signature of pyrite from mineralized zones allowed us to characterize the source of sulfur and better understand genetic processes in both cases. Ergo, δ34Spirita (V-CDT) values for Paraíba deposit vary from -2.17 to +0.72‰ (n = 12), whereas for the X1 occurrence such results are in the range of -4.03 to -2.43‰ (n = 7). The results are homogeneous and similar among the deposits, indicating a single mineralizing fluid would be responsible for gold precipitation. Furthermore, the sulfur isotopic signatures are strongly correlated to the magmatic source, suggesting the development of a magmatic-hydrothermal system concerning the
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pyrite
  topic: keywords
subject: Gold
  topic: keywords
subject: Sulfur isotopes
  topic: keywords
subject: Amazon craton
  topic: keywords
subject: Magmatic-hydrothermal system
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Lorenzzo Cassaro
creator: Rafael Rodrigues de Assis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lorenzzo Cassaro, Rafael Rodrigues de Assis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 109
ending page: 132
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-229336

Supervised learning for categorization of geological domain
type: item
description: The geological model needs to be updated when new drill holes are added. This requires time and knowledge of the mineral deposit, as the new samples need to be categorized according to the relevant geological properties. This study employed six supervised machine learning algorithms (naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), decision trees, random forest, and neural networks) to perform geological interpretation of a gold deposit of the metasedimentary type, located in the east-central region of the state of Bahia, with the objective of evaluating the ability of these algorithms to accurately classify the geological domains of new samples in a database. The results indicated that the random forest and neural networks algorithms successfully reproduced the geological interpretation of the mineral deposit, as the models generated were similar to those manually created by a geologist. This great performance is supported by the accuracies and precision obtained, which were 0.87 and 0.89, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to use these algorithms for optimizing the geological model update process. However, the naive Bayes, kNN, SVM, and decision tree algorithms failed to categorize the geological domains of the samples correctly. As a result, some regions in the models exhibited distorted geological layers and a lack of statigraphic order due to interpretation erros. This is evidenced by the low accuracies and precision obtained-0.48, 0.73, and 0.75. Therefore, these algorithms are unsuitable for this task.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Supervised Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Geological Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Gold Deposit
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marcela Martins
creator: Marcelo Monteiro da Rocha
creator: Camila Duelis Viana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marcela Martins, Marcelo Monteiro da Rocha, Camila Duelis Viana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: 99
ending page: 108
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-222751

Rediscovering Lucky Hill: SEM-EDS insights into the composition and weathering of a Jamaican meteorite
type: item
description: The Lucky Hill meteorite, discovered in 1885 in Jamaica, remains one of the lesser-studied Caribbean specimens. In this study, we introduce for the first time the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize a representative fragment (USNM 2889) from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Our SEM-EDS investigation reveals extensive terrestrial weathering — manifested as iron oxide/oxyhydroxide conversion, including the formation of akaganeite — and confirms the presence of key meteoritic phases such as kamacite (with 7.88 wt.% Ni) and schreibersite. These findings support its extraterrestrial origin and suggest that significant alteration has obscured primary crystalline features. The results contribute to a more detailed mineral-specific understanding of Lucky Hill’s composition and provide a basis for further investigations (e.g., via LA-ICP-MS) into the effects of environmental weathering on Caribbean meteorites.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Iron meteorites
  topic: keywords
subject: Jamaica
  topic: keywords
subject: Lucky Hill
  topic: keywords
subject: SEM-EDS
  topic: keywords
subject: Terrestrial weathering
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yasmani Ceballos-Izquierdo
creator: Gabriel Gonçalves Silva
creator: Johanset Orihuela
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yasmani Ceballos-Izquierdo, Gabriel Gonçalves Silva, Johanset Orihuela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 89
ending page: 98
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-235735

Reduction of risk in short-term resource estimation with increased noise samples
type: item
description: This study addresses the use of secondary samples in short-term mineral resource estimation, due to the costs associated with diamond drilling (DDH). The research investigates methods for combining data from different sampling types, which often result in distinct sample supports and reliability levels, highlighting "primary" data (diamond drill hole samples) as more reliable and "secondary" data (channel samples or drill cuttings) as less reliable. The analysis includes estimations by ordinary kriging, correcting the bias of the secondary variable, and by cokriging, comparing the results with a reference model estimated only with primary samples. The findings suggest that correcting the bias of secondary data may be an effective practice for short-term mineral resource estimates by ordinary kriging.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sampling
  topic: keywords
subject: Ordinary kriging
  topic: keywords
subject: Cokriging
  topic: keywords
subject: Sampling data bias
  topic: keywords
subject: Estimation
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Danilo Ribeiro dos Santos
creator: Marcelo Monteiro da Rocha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Danilo Ribeiro dos Santos, Marcelo Monteiro da Rocha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 73
ending page: 87
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-222435

Interaction of magmatic and meteoric water during barite crystallization in the Seival area (Cu), epithermal deposit from the Camaquã Basin, Neoproterozoic Dom Feliciano Belt of southern Brazil
type: item
description: Barite is a common gangue mineral of the low-temperature in hydrothermal systems. In the Seival area, the relative chronology of minerals indicates that barite, calcite, and minor hematite are associated with the low-temperature hydrothermal stages (< 157 °C) of an epithermal mineralization from the Camaquã Basin, Neoproterozoic Dom Feliciano Belt. Previous interpretations of geochemical data have suggested that the Cu enrichment in sulfides was related to albitization and chloritization, but not determined the origins or crystallization conditions of barite. The Ba and S content and their precipitation conditions were examined, and a lower Ba content was observed in the altered plagioclase with an albite composition than in the less altered portion with an andesine-labradorite composition. In addition, and rare earth elements (REEs) analysis of barite and plagioclase suggest that elementary composition of barite in Seival area came from volcanic material (magmatic) with influence of meteoric water rather than seawater. The different REEs patterns of barite show two groups related to two magmatic sources of REEs. These different sources of S, Ba, and REEs have been interpreted as dominant alteration of local volcanogenic rocks as the pyroclastic rock and andesite lava flows or less probably lamprophyric dike.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: REEs geochemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Hydrothermal alteration
  topic: keywords
subject: Mineralization
  topic: keywords
subject: Mantiqueira Province
  topic: keywords
subject: Hilário Formation
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geochemistry
  topic: disciplines
creator: Rodrigo Winck Lopes
creator: André Sampaio Mexias
creator: Christophe Renac
creator: Márcia Elisa Boscato Gomes
creator: Eduardo Fontana
creator: Aurélie Barats
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rodrigo Winck Lopes, André Sampaio Mexias, Christophe Renac, Márcia Elisa Boscato Gomes, Eduardo Fontana, Aurélie Barats https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 55
ending page: 71
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-228297

Radiometric signatures of plutons from ediacaran magmatism in the Rio Piranhas-Seridó Domain, Borborema Province, NE Brazil
type: item
description: Radiometry is a geophysical method that studies the distribution of Earth's materials based on the natural radioactivity of rocks. The interpretation of radiometric data from the Rio Piranhas-Seridó Domain, Borborema Province, in northeastern Brazil, allowed for the characterization of signatures from the Shoshonitic, High-potassium Porphyritic Calc-alkaline, High-potassium Equigranular Calc-alkaline and Calc-alkaline suites. Four plutons were analyzed: Acari, Totoró, São Rafael, and Serra da Garganta. Using data on potassium (K), equivalent thorium (eTh), and equivalent uranium (eU), coupled to ternary radiometric composition, radiometric domains were delineated within a GIS environment and subsequently classified as low, medium, and high. Interpretation maps were generated with 27 color combinations in the R-red/G-green/B-blue standard. The mineralogy of the granites influences the signatures: the presence of feldspars, and micas contributes to high K and eTh values in suites such as High-potassium Porphyritic Calc-alkaline, High-potassium Equigranular Calc-alkaline and Calc-alkaline suites. The texture of the rocks also affects the distribution of the elements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Radiometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Intrusive Suites
  topic: keywords
subject: Plutons
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geophysics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marília Cristina Santos Souza Dias
creator: Marcos Antonio Leite do Nascimento
creator: Nitzschia Regina Rodrigues Domingos
creator: Rogério Cavalcante
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marília Cristina Santos Souza Dias, Marcos Antonio Leite do Nascimento, Nitzschia Regina Rodrigues Domingos, Rogério Cavalcante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 39
ending page: 54
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-231340

Data on the production and occurrence of large diamonds of the Southern Espinhaço Range diamond province, Minas Gerais, Brazil: historical record and oral memory and its geological significance
type: item
description: Proclaimed as the oldest in the history of the Earth, the Diamond Province of Southern Espinhaço Range was the largest producer of diamonds on the planet for more than 100 years, since production began in 1730. The history of the discovery and record of iamond production are dispersed and discontinuous, often as a single copy in the collection of museums and libraries in Brazil and Portugal, or in technical reports held by private personal. This unprecedented recovery of the documentary record and oral memory of diamond production and the extraction of large gems within the province brought relevant data about the history of mining and diamond mining activity in time and geographic space, also contributing knowledge to the geology of the Espinhaço Range. Although the Portuguese Crown took over the production and export of diamonds from 1730 until Brazil's independence in 1822, at least 2/3 of total production was undertaken by individuals or companies subordinated to the country's colonial and republican legislation. In the measured assessment of overcoming the lack of data on smuggling and clandestinity, a gap of at least 80% of diamond production was estimated, which refers to a total production in the province of at least 24 million ct in the period from 1730 to 2024. The production of large gemstones was also significant, with a few exceeding 100 ct. The concentration of larger gemstones in Extração and São João da Chapada-Campo Sampaio districts are indicative of proximal and autochthonous sources, respectively and, in the case of the breccias in the latter district, even considering their petrography, reinforces their character as volcanic breccias of maar craters.
subject: Special
  topic: section
subject: Diamond
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical record and oral memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Production and large gems extracted
  topic: keywords
subject: Southern Espinhaço Range Diamond Province
  topic: keywords
subject: Paleoproterozoic
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mineralogy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Gemology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Friedrich Ewald Renger
creator: Pedro Angelo Almeida-Abreu
creator: Soraya de Carvalho Neves
creator: Lúcio Mauro Soares Fraga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Friedrich Ewald Renger, Pedro Angelo Almeida-Abreu, Soraya de Carvalho Neves, Lúcio Mauro Soares Fraga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-23
publication date: 2025-10-23
starting page: 103
ending page: 131
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-225869

Proposition of a Method for Estimation of Geomorphological Ratios for Watersheds: Reduction of Uncertainties by the Method of Dispersion of Morphometric Parameters
type: item
description: The hydrological modeling of small and medium-sized watersheds often depends on the estimation of geomorphological ratios, which are fundamental for parameterizations of models such as the Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (HUIG). However, traditional estimation methods are based on aggregate means, disregarding the natural dispersion of morphometric data, which can induce significant uncertainties. This study proposes a new method to estimate geomorphological ratios, incorporating data dispersion to regression adjustment, which provides greater physical and statistical representativeness. Fourteen river basins with different physiographic characteristics were analyzed, comparing three estimation methods: simple arithmetic mean (Method 1), regression on means aggregated by order (Method 2) and regression on dispersed data (Method 3). The results demonstrate that Method 3 reduces the uncertainty in the estimates of RL and RA, maintaining statistical robustness, especially in basins with high morphometric variability. It is concluded that the proposed method is more suitable to represent the complexity of the basins and can significantly improve the performance of hydrological models that use geomorphological ratios as input.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geomorphological ratios
  topic: keywords
subject: Instantanés unit hydrograph
  topic: keywords
subject: Uncertainty
  topic: keywords
subject: Nonlinear regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Watershed
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Hydrology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Robison Negri
creator: Heinz Dieter Oskar August Fill
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Robison Negri, Heinz Dieter Oskar August Fill https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
starting page: 3
ending page: 37
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-207054

Preface
type: item
description: Geologia USP. Série Científica - Journal of the Instituto de Geociências, USP.
subject: Prefácio
  topic: section
subject: Geosciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Apatite as petrogenetic indicator in magmatic rocks: evidence from cathodoluminescence and chemical microanalysis
type: item
description: Cathodoluminescence (CL) and semi-quantitative spot chemical analysis (SEM-EDS) of magmatic apatite show distinct patterns according to their tectonic provenance. In this study, apatite crystals from calc-alkaline granitoids of I-type (Cunhaporanga Granitic Complex - PR and Valsungana Suite - SC) and S-type (G2 Supersuite - MG), as well as alkaline A-type granite (Serra Branca Granite - GO) and alkaline rocks (Tunas Syenite, José Fernandes Gabbro and Jacupiranga Carbonatite, in São Paulo), are examined. Under optical-CL, the crystals show a high-intensity yellowish-green luminescence, whose activator centers are Mn2+ and Ce3+, with emission peaks at 570 nm and 360 nm, respectively. Lower luminescence contributions from other REEs are observed in the CL spectra, along with distinct CL emissions from the core to the rim of the crystals, as a result of variations in their internal composition. When comparing CL emissions across all samples, the activation by Ce3+ is more intense in alkaline rocks compared to granitic ones, possibly due to its higher activity in alkaline magma. The chemical analysis (SEM-EDS) of apatite crystals from the alkaline granite and syenite shows the lowest CaO content, which increases in I-type granite and in the gabbro, and reach the highest values in S-type granite and in the carbonatite. Analysis of variance of the data allows the classification into similar groups, in terms of CaO content, the following clusters are related: i) calc-alkaline granites (I and S-types) and gabbro; ii) syenite and alkaline granite (A-type); and the carbonatite. As for Na2O content, the clustering pattern is: i) I-type granite (Cunhaporanga) and S-type granite; ii) I-type granite (Valsungana), A-type granite, and carbonatite; iii) syenite and gabbro.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mineralogy
  topic: keywords
subject: Igneous rocks
  topic: keywords
subject: Tectonic provenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Mineral chemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Petrology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mineralogy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alberto Caixeta Botelho
creator: Cristina Valle Pinto-Coelho
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alberto Caixeta Botelho, Cristina Valle Pinto-Coelho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
starting page: 85
ending page: 101
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-234593

Evidence of sedimentary connectivity on the south-southeastern coast of Brazil based on heavy minerals
type: item
description: Sedimentary dynamics in coastal and continental shelf environments play a key role in coastal morphology. Understanding these dynamics at a regional scale is essential for supporting planning strategies and mitigation actions against natural and human-induced impacts. In this context, understanding the connectivity between different sediment stocks allows inferences about transport routes and sediment retention zones. The use of heavy minerals is effective in sediment provenance studies, providing insights into sources and dispersion mechanisms. Samples from the inner continental shelf of Paraná were analyzed and compared with data from coastal regions and continentals shelfs of São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina. The results show a strong mineralogical simipesalarity among the assemblages from Paraná, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo, suggesting a homogenization process through connectivity during the Quaternary, in the same time that happen hydraulic segregation process. The influence of rivers on the composition of heavy mineral assemblages is evident in beaches near estuaries and in deeper inner shelf areas. The mineral distribution pattern reflects the action of the northeastward longshore drift, as well as sediment remobilization during high-energy events (waves of storms and cold fronts) and during sea level variations in Quaternary regressions and transgressions. Therefore, extraction at a specific point may influence the availability and distribution of these sediments in neighboring areas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sedimentary provenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Coastal dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Multivariate statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: PCA
  topic: keywords
subject: CoDa
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Thaisa Stoco dos Santos
creator: Carlos Conforti Ferreira Guedes
creator: Luiz Henrique Sielski de Oliveira
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 87
ending page: 108
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v26-241535

Evaluation of the potential of contamination of groundwater by pesticides on the Ibiapaba Plateau – CE
type: item
description: Industrial agriculture has contributed large loads of pollutants to the water, including pesticides, being one of its main sources of pollution. In the world, most of the water used (60% to 70%) is underground and it has also been suffering from the impacts of pollutants such as pesticides. The degradation of water quality has impacts on biodiversity, people and their health. Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world. Thus, one way to estimate risks are pesticide leaching prediction models, as they can provide an understanding of problems, identifying relationships (cause and effect), predictions and giving future suggestions. The general objective of this research is to estimate the potential risk of pollution of groundwater in the Ibiapaba Plateau caused by the active ingredients (a.i.) of pesticides most used in the city of São Benedito, using the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) and LEACH models. The results obtained indicated that five active ingredients (iprodione, methomyl, boscalid, azoxystrobin, dimethoate) are in the risk transition zone while three others (thiophanate-methyl, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole) can be considered within the leaching zone. It was also concluded that there may be risk vulnerability to contamination by pesticides in the Ibiapaba region, especially in regions that have Dystrophic Red Yellow Oxisols and Quartzarene Neosols. As water is part of sustainable development concerns, there needs to be a ban or progressive reduction in the use of pesticides in the region, as well as measurement or verification of water quality and quantity parameters in Ibiapaba, on a continuous or periodic basis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aquatic contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: Persistent organic pollutants
  topic: keywords
subject: Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geoscienses
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Vanessa Gomes Pedroza
creator: Rivelino Martins Cavalcante
creator: Michael Barbosa Viana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vanessa Gomes Pedroza, Rivelino Martins Cavalcante, Michael Barbosa Viana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 67
ending page: 84
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-231486

Influence of the barra fault system on the occurrence of mass movements in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia
type: item
description: Mass movements are recurring and concerning events in Salvador, located in Northeastern Brazil, especially in densely populated urban areas with precarious infrastructure. The city, whose topography is influenced by transverse and longitudinal fault systems, including the Barra Fault System (BFS), faces challenges due to disorganized population growth and climatic conditions. These characteristics result in frequent mass movements, exposing the population and their homes to hazard. Although previous studies have contributed to the understanding of the city's structure, geology, and geomorphology, there is still a specific gap regarding the direct influence of the BFS on the generation and control of mass movements on slopes. This study analyzed the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the BFS, focusing on identifying discontinuities in natural slopes and instability mechanisms, such as planar sliding, wedge sliding, and toppling. The method included the analysis of structural lineaments using Schmidt-Lambert stereographic projection and a survey of morphostructural data to identify potentially unstable areas. The results highlighted that the BFS influences the orientation of critical discontinuities, with greater susceptibility to planar and wedge slides, especially on slopes with intersections of structural families compatible with the fault's direction. A correlation was also observed between areas with a high density of lineaments and a higher incidence of reported landslides. On the other hand, the toppling mechanism did not present critical points of instability in the analyzed scenarios. This study provides technical support for the management of urban and housing infrastructure, in addition to contributing to the implementation of public policies aimed at the safety of the most vulnerable populations in Salvador.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kinematic analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Transverse faults
  topic: keywords
subject: Slope instability
  topic: keywords
subject: Hazards
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Structural Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Isaias Leal dos Santos Fernandes
creator: Luiz César Corrêa-Gomes
creator: João Paulo Hora Carneiro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Isaias Leal dos Santos Fernandes, Luiz César Corrêa-Gomes, João Paulo Hora Carneiro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 49
ending page: 66
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-235144

3D modelling and structural restoration of the deformation in deposits of the Taubaté Basin (Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil)
type: item
description: The structural complexity generated by the superposition of tectonic events hinders the reconstruction of the history of deformed geological successions, making it challenging to identify deformational evolution. To address this issue, technological advances such as 3D geological modelling and structural restoration have proven to be effective tools in integrating georeferenced data, RPAS-obtained images, and field information. This study was conducted in the Taubaté Basin, part of the Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil, a Paleogene geotectonic feature marked by multiple superimposed tectonic events. Two outcrops composed of deposits from the Pindamonhangaba Formation (Miocene-Pliocene), overlain by Neogene and Quaternary sediments, were selected, in which structural and geometric patterns related to transcurrent and extensional stresses were identified. From the integration of georeferenced aerial images with structural and stratigraphic data, a high-resolution 3D geological model was generated. Structural restoration allowed for a regression to the less deformed configuration, highlicomputaghting the superposition of tectonic events. The results indicate that the main geometries are associated with most recent extensional stresses, while previous strike-slip deformation is recorded in a negative flower structure, faults exhibiting directional striations, and significant thickness variations in layers displaced by some faults. The geological model produced contributes to understanding the tectonic evolution of the basin and will serve as a foundation for future analyses.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 3D geological modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Neotectonics deformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Superimposed tectonic events
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Karina Assumpção da Costa Nóbrega
creator: Aline Theophilo Silva
creator: Claudio Limeira Mello
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Karina Assumpção da Costa Nóbrega, Aline Theophilo Silva, Claudio Limeira Mello https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
starting page: 35
ending page: 47
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-238450

https://revistas.usp.br/guspsc/en/article/view/240738
type: item
title: Geochronology and considerations about the metamorphic evolution of the São João Marcos Iron Formation (Criogenian) and associated metamafic and metaultramafic rocks, interference zone between Brasília e Ribeira orogens
description: The study area is inserted in the context of the interference zone between the Brasília and Ribeira orogens. Based in microscopic evidence, four metamorphic stages were identified in the São João Marcos Iron Formation (SJ MIF) and associated metamafic and metaultramafic rocks. The first (E1), characterized by pyroxene relicts, marks the metamorphid peak in granulite facies. The second (E2) registers transition from granulite to amphibolite facies conditions, with the development of amphiboles (mainly hornblende) and plagioclase. The final moments of this stage is marked by the development of garnet coronas between hornblende and plagioclase, in a IBC (isobaric cooling) path. The third (E3) stage is defined by symplectites developed in a ITD (isothermal decompression) path, possibly related to the orogenic collapse. Finally, cummingtonite-grunerite appears marking the fourth (E4) stage, suggesting higher temperatures in relation to the previous stage. Regarding the geochronology, the metamafic and metaultramafic rocks present mostly archean and paleoproterozoic provenance, with subordinate neoproterozoic grains. 641,5 ± 2,9 Ma was calculated as crystallization, as well as 3 groups of metamorphic ages: 622 – 613 Ma; 599 – 598 Ma and 587 – 586 Ma. The associated metassedimentary rocks present archean to neoproterozoic provenance ages, with maximun depositional age in 686 Ma and 3 groups of metamorfic ages: 647 – 640 Ma, 609 – 605 Ma and 599 Ma. The stage E1 is related to a metamorphism between 647 – 640 Ma, contemporary to the crystallization of the metamafic and metaultramafic rocks; E2 and E3 are contemporary to metamorfic events between 622 – 598 Ma, which are related to Southern Brasília belt evolution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FFSJM
  topic: keywords
subject: Algoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Neoproterozoic
  topic: keywords
subject: Petrology
  topic: keywords
subject: Geochronology
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Petrology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geochronology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ariane Felix Coelho Azevedo
creator: Rodrigo Peternel Machado Nunes
creator: Thadeu Henrique Silva Hoffmann
creator: Mauro Cesar Geraldes
creator: Beatriz Paschoal Duarte
creator: Natália Cota de Freitas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ariane Felix Coelho Azevedo, Rodrigo Peternel Machado Nunes, Thadeu Henrique Silva Hoffmann, Mauro Cesar Geraldes, Beatriz Paschoal Duarte, Natália Cota de Freitas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 47
ending page: 64
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-219935

Geological-geophysical integration of the Jaguaquara Sheet, Bahia, Brazil
type: item
description: The region comprising the Jaguaquara Sheet, in Bahia, Topographic Sheet SD.24-V-D-V, presents predominantly rocks from the Jequié Block. These rocks are deformed in the granulite facies, resulting from the collisional event that occurred in the Paleoproterozoic. Mapping of this Sheet took place between 2006 and 2009, when no aerogeophysical data existed in the area. This survey would be conducted in the following years, between 2010 and 2011. Some research was carried out in the following years (2012, 2014, and 2019), which included semi-detailed and detailed field studies, petrography, lithogeochemistry, and geochronology. This research aims to present an update and geological-geophysical integration of the lithostratigraphic units of the Jaguaquara Sheet, a region that in recent years has shown great potential for the exploration of rare earth elements (REE). Based on this integration it was possible to delimit or update the contacts of nine lithostratigraphic units: Sedimentary covers (CS), Heterogeneous granulites (GH), Granulites of monzogranitic composition (GM1), Granulites of monzogranitic composition (GM2), Granulites of monzogranitic to tonalitic composition (GMT1), Granulites of monzogranitic to tonalitic composition (GMT2), Orthogneisses (OI), Gabbros-anorthosites (GA) and Granulites of tonalitic to trondhjemitic composition (GT), in addition to compiling petrographic and outcrop data and standardizing the nomenclatures used by previous authors. Aerogeophysics proved to be indispensable to complement and support the surface geological mapping, allowing for the clearer delimitation of the contacts between the lithostratigraphic units and the main geotectonic units that occur in the study area, in addition to proposing two new units called Granulites of monzogranitic composition (GM1 and GM2).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aerogeophysics
  topic: keywords
subject: Magnetometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Gamma spectrometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Petrography
  topic: keywords
subject: Jequié Block
  topic: keywords
subject: Jaguaquara
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geophysics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Renata Gonçalves Ribeiro dos Santos
creator: Angela Beatriz de Menezes Leal
creator: Rodrigo Soares Vieira dos Santos
creator: Basílio Elesbão da Cruz Filho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Angela Beatriz de Menezes Leal, Renata Gonçalves Ribeiro dos Santos, Rodrigo Soares Vieira dos Santos, Basílio Elesbão da Cruz Filho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 19
ending page: 36
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v26-240383

Osteological profile of new Mesosauridae from the Irati Formation (Paraná Basin)
type: item
description: Mesosaurids represent one of the oldest known groups of semi-aquatic amniotes. In Brazil, they occur in the 275 Ma Irati Formation (Paraná Basin), where three monotypic genera (Mesosaurus, Stereosternum, and Brazilosaurus) were originally described. However, recent studies propose synonymizing these under Mesosaurus Gervais, 1865. In this context, we provide osteological data based on 30 samples from the LABPALEO/UFPR and IGc/USP collections, constructing detailed profiles through morphometric analysis while accounting for ontogeny and taphonomy. While our data clarify key anatomical features, preservation artifacts in many specimens introduce ambiguity when applying traditional taxonomic characters. Comparative analysis with historical descriptions reveals both consistencies and contradictions, highlighting the need for revised diagnostic criteria in mesosaurid systematics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Osteology
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine vertebrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Morphometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Taphonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Ontogeny
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Paleontology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Liz Dall Agnol
creator: Malton Carvalho Fraga
creator: Cristina Silveira Vega
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-04
publication date: 2025-08-04
starting page: 21
ending page: 33
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-231877

The transformation of by-products from emerald mining into soil remineralizers: the case study of the Local Production Cluster in Monte Santo/TO
type: item
description: Implementing Local Productive Arrangements (LPAs) based on mining and agriculture signals a new form of economic and productive synergy between two sectors that are of great importance to the Brazilian economy. The municipality of Monte Santo do Tocantins is considered an important mineral province, particularly rich in emeralds, currently exploited by small-scale miners organized under the permission for independent mining (Permissão de Lavra Garimpeira). The rocks associated with the genesis of emeralds present a great mineralogical and lithological diversity. Throughout the process of exploiting this gem, a significant amount of rock waste is generated, which can be converted into by-products, as they have characteristics that fit into the category of soil remineralizer (REM), as provided for in Law 12,890/2013 and IN 05/2016-MAPA.These products provide direct and indirect benefits to the soil and the region. The objective of this article is to evaluate the potential of the material discarded in the emerald mining process to verify its possible classification as a REM. For this purpose, samples of rocks of interest were collected in the region of the garimpos and mineralogical and chemical analyzes were performed. The results indicated that most of the analyzed samples meet the requirements established by Brazilian legislation regarding the guarantees and conditions related to this type of input. In addition, these results suggest that the strengthening of an LPA based on mining and agriculture in the region can function as a model for other localities, demonstrating the possibility of reconciling economic development, environmental preservation and integration of interests through the circular economy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Stonemeal
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Garimpo
  topic: keywords
subject: Mining
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Suzi Huff Theodoro
creator: Viviane Souza Oliveira
creator: Sanclever Freire Peixoto
creator: Valdielly Larisse Silva
creator: Nayara Moreira de Mesquita
creator: Luis Carlos Nascimento
creator: Fernanda de Paula Medeiros
creator: Caroline Dourado Lima
creator: Luiza Coimbra de Oliveira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Suzi Huff Theodoro, Viviane Souza Oliveira, Sanclever Freire Peixoto, Valdielly Larisse Silva, Nayara Moreira de Mesquita, Luis Carlos Nascimento, Fernanda de Paula Medeiros, Caroline Dourado Lima, Luiza Coimbra de Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-04
publication date: 2025-08-04
starting page: 3
ending page: 19
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-231385

Preface
type: item
description: Geologia USP. Série Científica - Revista do Instituto de Geociências, USP.
subject: Prefácio
  topic: section
subject: Geosciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-04
publication date: 2025-08-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Occurrences of sedimentary phosphate in phanerozoic covers in the Arraias region - TO, west edge of the São Francisco Basin, Brazil
type: item
description: The region of Arraias (TO) and Campos Belos (GO) is characterized by the presence of phosphorites and phosphate siltstones interdigitated with siltstones in the basal portion of the Sete Lagoas Formation, belonging to the Bambuí Group. In the upper Phanerozoic strata, occurs partially lithified polymictic conglomerates containing variable phosphate contents, likely due to the presence of reworked clasts of phosphatic rocks derived from underlying units. This paper describes the occurrence of isolated strata of Phanerozoic sediments containing polymictic conglomerate and unconsolidated covers, which are juxtaposed to the pelitic carbonate succession of the Sete Lagoas Formation on the western edge of the São Francisco Basin (SFB). The upper lithotypes suggest a braided fluvial depositional system, similar to the Cretaceous deposits of the Urucuia Group. Field observations, semi-detailed mapping, geological and the integration of data allowed the identification of phosphatic siltstone clasts within the polymictic conglomerate, with P2O5 concentrations ranging from <1.0% to 20%. The new geological data will support future exploratory studies on phosphate deposits in the area and highlight the occurrence of phanerozoic layers with erratic phosphate contents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mineralized conglomerate
  topic: keywords
subject: Phanerozoic phosphorite
  topic: keywords
subject: São Franscisco Basin
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alex Joaquim Choupina Andrade Silva
creator: João Renato de Luca Rosa Franco
creator: Juliana Okubo
creator: Leonardo Azevedo Sá Alkmin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alex Joaquim Choupina Andrade Silva, João Renato de Luca Rosa Franco, Juliana Okubo, Leonardo Azevedo Sá Alkmin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-12
publication date: 2025-06-12
starting page: 33
ending page: 46
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-230885

Prefácio
type: item
description: Geologia USP. Série Científica - Revista do Instituto de Geociências, USP.
subject: Prefácio
  topic: section
subject: Geociências
  topic: keywords
subject: Geologia
  topic: keywords
subject: Geologia
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-03
publication date: 2025-06-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Marine microplankton responses during the Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs)
type: item
description: Microfossils are essential components of sedimentary rocks deposited during the Cretaceous Period, providing insights to characterize Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs). This study aims to identify and systematize the responses of marine microplankton to OAEs during the Cretaceous based on published literature. Marine microfossils respond to OAEs through evolutionary events, preservation, and variations in abundance and diversity of the assemblages. Additionally, they export significant concentrations of chemical elements to the seafloor, impacting the global climate. Changes in the orbital cycles and large-scale paleogeographic and volcanic events are considered the main causes that promoted significant changes in Mesozoic ecosystems, resulting in the geological processes that characterize OAEs. The analysis of eight Cretaceous OAEs enables the characterization of the geochemical signals and the responses of marine microplankton to each event. Marine microfossils, especially calcareous nannofossils, radiolarians, and foraminifers, play a crucial role in the planet's biogeochemical cycles, and their evolution is closely linked to the OAEs. Further studies using material collected from the South Atlantic Ocean are necessary to better understand the impacts of OAEs on the evolution of marine biota.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Marine productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Extinction events
  topic: keywords
subject: Biotic turnover
  topic: keywords
subject: Calcareous nannofossils
  topic: keywords
subject: South Atlantic Ocean
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Paleoceanography
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mauro Daniel Rodrigues Bruno
creator: Edna De Jesus Francisco Tungo
creator: Fernanda Luft-Souza
creator: Victória Herder Sander
creator: Gerson Fauth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mauro Daniel Rodrigues Bruno Rodrigues Bruno, Edna De Jesus Francisco Tungo, Fernanda Luft-Souza, Victória Herder Sander, Gerson Fauth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-03
publication date: 2025-06-03
starting page: 3
ending page: 32
doi: 10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v25-227385

Preface
type: item
description: Geologia USP. Série Científica - Revista do Instituto de Geociências, USP.
subject: Prefácio
  topic: section
subject: Geosciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Geology
  topic: keywords
subject: Geosciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-10
publication date: 2025-02-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 2