Orofacial myofunctional and anthropometric characteristics of children with and without microcephaly: a case-control study

Andréa Monteiro Correia Medeiros; Gabriela Rodrigues Dourado Nobre; Geyse do Espírito Santo Rezende; Íkaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto; Jonan Emi Valencia Cardenas; Sarah Catarina Santos Nascimento; Anna Luiza dos Santos Matos; Asenate Soares de Matos Pereira; Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel; Giédre Berretin-Felix

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0473

Authors

Andréa Monteiro Correia Medeiros Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Fonoaudiologia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-7623
Gabriela Rodrigues Dourado Nobre Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa de Ciências da Saúde. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-2968
Geyse do Espírito Santo Rezende Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Medicina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-0543
Íkaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Avaliação e Seleção e de Promoção de Eventos – CEBRASPE https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-806X
Jonan Emi Valencia Cardenas Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Fonoaudiologia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-9980
Sarah Catarina Santos Nascimento Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Fonoaudiologia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-8948
Anna Luiza dos Santos Matos Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Medicina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-5169
Asenate Soares de Matos Pereira Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Fonoaudiologia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-4224
Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Medicina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9651-3713
Giédre Berretin-Felix Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Fonoaudiologia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-2805

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0473

Keywords:

Child, Preschool, Anthropometry, Microcephaly, Case-control studies

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to describe and compare morphofunctional orofacial aspects between subjects with and without Zika virus-related microcephaly. Methodology This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, case-control study with both qualitative and quantitative components. All subjects were born between 2015 and 2016, during the Zika virus outbreak in the Northeast region of Brazil. A total of 48 children were included: 24 with Zika-related microcephaly (MG) and 24 without the condition (CG). We performed the Preliminary Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES-E) for all subjects. Orofacial anthropometric measurements were obtained from 36 of the 48 participants, including 18 from the MG and 18 from the CG. Results We found lower swallowing efficiency scores in children with microcephaly aged 13–18 months. Significant differences (p<.001) were found between the MG and CG for scores related to the face, cheeks, and total stomatognathic functions. When stratified by age group, differences (p<.001) were found in total scores between MG and CG subjects in the age groups up to 24 months. We found lower scores in the 13–18-month group with microcephaly for swallowing efficiency: 1.3 (SD: .8) versus 5.3 (SD: 1.2); and in the 19–24-month group; for bite: 1 (SD: 0) and 3.9 (SD: .3), and 1.9 (SD: 2.7) and 9.5 (SD: .9); in addition to facial changes: 9.8 (SD: 1.2) and 11.8 (SD: .6). Differences were found in anthropometric orofacial measurements for the upper third of the face (d=-1.215, p<.001) (MG<CG); proportion between the upper third/middle third (d=.463, p=.018) (MG<CG); and upper lip and philtrum (MG>CG) (d=-.679, p<.001). Conclusion Subjects with microcephaly had altered orofacial myofunction, especially related to swallowing and chewing difficulties in early ages.

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Orofacial myofunctional and anthropometric characteristics of children with and without microcephaly

a case-control study

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