SHED-exosomes functionalized micro-nano bioactive glass/PCL membrane regulates macrophage polarization and promotes osteogenic differentiation

Authors

  • Yongyong Yan Guangzhou Medical University. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine. School and Hospital of Stomatology.
  • Haifeng Lan The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
  • Guohou Miao Guangzhou Medical University. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine. School and Hospital of Stomatology.
  • Haiyan Wang Guangzhou Medical University. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine. School and Hospital of Stomatology.
  • Zhengmao Li Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine. School and Hospital of Stomatology.
  • Qing Zhang Guangzhou Medical University. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine. School and Hospital of Stomatology.
  • Shuai Wang Zunyi Medical University. School and Hospital of Stomatology.
  • Gang Wu Hangzhou Medical College. Savid School of Stomatology.
  • Richard T. Jaspers Guangzhou Medical University. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine. School and Hospital of Stomatology.
  • Janak L. Pathak Guangzhou Medical University. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine. School and Hospital of Stomatology.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0541

Keywords:

Micro-nano bioactive glass, Exosomes, Stem cell, Osteogenic differentiation, Macrophage polarization

Abstract

Micro-nano bioactive glass (MNBG) has bone regenerative potential. However, the difficulty of MNBG molding restricts its clinical applications in bone regeneration. Exosomes carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids for communication between cells. In this study, we adhered human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)-derived exosomes (SHED-Exos) to electrospun micro-nano bioactive glass/polycaprolactone (MNBG/PCL) membrane to control inflammation and promote bone regeneration. MNBG/PCL membrane showed biocompatibility and osteogenic ability. Next, we demonstrated that SHED-Exos internalized into macrophages attenuated LPS-induced expression of M1-macrophage markers iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β and upregulated M2-macrophage marker IL-10 expression, indicating a switch from M1 to M2 macrophage phenotype. MNBG/PCL-loaded SHED-Exos membrane supported the survival and growth of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs). When M1 macrophages were co-cultured with mBMSCs on the membrane, the SHED-Exos-loaded membrane showed higher Runx2, Alp, and Ocn gene expression. Our findings indicate that SHED-Exos-functionalized MNBG/PCL membrane has anti-inflammatory and osteoinductive potential, suggesting its potential as a candidate material for bone regeneration.

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Published

2026-01-30

Issue

Vol. 34 (2026)

Section

Original Articles

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How to Cite

Yan, Y., Lan, H., Miao, G., Wang, H., Li, Z., Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Wu, G., Jaspers, R. T., & Pathak, J. L. (2026). SHED-exosomes functionalized micro-nano bioactive glass/PCL membrane regulates macrophage polarization and promotes osteogenic differentiation. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 34, e20250541. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0541