Apical delta filling with calcium silicate and epoxy resin sealers using different obturation techniques by microcomputed tomography

Authors

  • Washington Soares dos Santos Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora
  • Jefferson Augusto Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora
  • Angelo José Sócrates Torres-Carrillo Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora
  • Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora
  • Antonio Miranda da Cruz-Filho Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora
  • Manoel Damião de Sousa-Neto Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora
  • Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora
  • Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0774

Keywords:

3D printing, Calcium silicate cement-based sealers, Micro–computed tomography, Obturation, Apical delta

Abstract

Objectives  This study aimed to evaluate the filling quality of simulated apical deltas in 3D-printed tooth replicas using microcomputed tomography and comparisons of two obturation techniques and calcium silicate cement-based sealer groups. Methodology  A single-rooted, straight maxillary premolar was instrumented and scanned by microcomputed tomography to generate a 3D model. Apical delta configurations were digitally created and integrated into the canal anatomy. In total, 40 translucent resin replicas were 3D printed and randomly assigned for obturation with one of four sealer groups (AH Plus Resin, AH Plus Bioceramic, Bio-C Sealer, and NeoSealer Flo). Following obturation, all specimens were rescanned, and a volumetric analysis was performed to determine the percentage of the filled volume in the apical delta region. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). Results  The continuous wave technique resulted in significantly greater apical delta filling than the single-cone one regardless of sealer. For the single-cone technique, NeoSealer Flo showed the highest filling percentage (42.7±2.0), followed by Bio-C Sealer (28.7±1.1), AH Plus Resin (24.9±1.9), and AH Plus Bioceramic (17.9±1.0). For the continuous wave technique, Bio-C Sealer showed the most filling (66.2±2.0), followed by NeoSealer Flo (54.2±1.4), AH Plus Resin (45.9±1.5) and AH Plus Bioceramic (36.8±1.0). Conclusions  The continuous wave technique achieved the most apical filling, with Bio-C sealer showing the highest performance. Bio-C and NeoSealer Flo achieved significantly higher filling percentages than AH Plus Resin and AH Plus Bioceramic under the single-cone technique.

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Published

2026-03-23

Issue

Vol. 34 (2026)

Section

Original Articles

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How to Cite

Santos, W. S. dos, Augusto, J., Torres-Carrillo, A. J. S., Petean, I. B. F., Cruz-Filho, A. M. da, Sousa-Neto, M. D. de, Lopes-Olhê, F. C., & Mazzi-Chaves, J. F. (2026). Apical delta filling with calcium silicate and epoxy resin sealers using different obturation techniques by microcomputed tomography. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 34, e2025-0744. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0774