Systemic toxicity assessment of tissue conditioners modified with nystatin and chlorhexidine in a rat model of denture stomatitis

Authors

  • Gustavo Simão Moraes Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia
  • Thaís Albach Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia
  • Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru
  • Victoria Schlumberger Cachoeira Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia
  • Falyne Kiratcz Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia
  • Eduardo Bauml Campagnoli Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia
  • Fabio André Dos Santos Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia
  • Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru,
  • Vanessa Migliorini Urban Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/

Keywords:

Denture stomatitis, Dental tissue conditioning, Chlorhexidine, Nystatin, beta-Cyclodextrins

Abstract

Denture stomatitis is a condition that commonly affects the palatal mucosa of denture wearers. Recently, several treatments have shown promising results, including the addition of antimicrobial drugs to tissue conditioners. However, before initiating clinical trials, the safety profile of this modified material must be assessed. Objective  This study investigated the potential systemic toxicity of a tissue conditioner modified with antifungals in a rat model of denture stomatitis. Methodology  Male Wistar rats (N=59) were randomly assigned to the following groups: NC (negative control), SD (sterile device), DS (denture stomatitis), Soft (Softone), Nys (nystatin), Nys:βCD (nystatin:β-cyclodextrin), Chx (chlorhexidine), and Chx:βCD (chlorhexidine:β-cyclodextrin). Animals of all groups, except for NC and SD, wore a palatal device contaminated with Candida albicans for the induction of denture stomatitis. Rats from the Soft group had their devices relined with a tissue conditioner (Softone) with no drugs added, while devices from groups Nys, Nys:βCD, Chx, and Chx:βCD were relined with antifungals at their minimum inhibitory concentrations against C. albicans SC5314 (32 mg, 36 mg, 64 mg, and 46 mg for each gram of tissue conditioner, respectively). Four days after treatment, the animals had their blood collected for biochemical analyses and had their livers, lungs, stomachs, and kidneys removed for histopathological and enzymatic analyses. Results  No significant renal, gastric, or pulmonary changes were detected. Some rats from groups Nys, Nys:βCD, Chx, and Chx:βCD presented vacuolation of hepatocytes, although this is not necessarily a sign of hepatic damage. However, the livers of the Chx group presented higher myeloperoxidase activity when compared to the NC, SD, and DS groups. Conclusion  These findings suggest that incorporating Nys, Nys:βCD, and Chx:βCD into this tissue conditioner may represent a safe option for denture stomatitis treatment.

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2026-05-22

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How to Cite

Moraes, G. S., Albach, T., Sugio, C. Y. C., Cachoeira, V. S., Kiratcz, F., Campagnoli, E. B., Santos, F. A. D., Neppelenbroek, K. H., & Urban, V. M. (2026). Systemic toxicity assessment of tissue conditioners modified with nystatin and chlorhexidine in a rat model of denture stomatitis. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 34, e20250811. https://doi.org/10.1590/