Effects of an orabase gel containing Libidibia ferrea extract on induced periodontitis in rats

Abstract

Introduction:  Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with periodontal tissue destruction and bone loss. Libidibia ferrea presents antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with potential therapeutic relevance.

Objective:  To evaluate the therapeutic potential of an orabase gel containing L. ferrea extract in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.

Methodology:  Seventy animals were divided into seven groups: control, periodontitis (untreated), chlorhexidine, gel without L. ferrea, and L. ferrea gel at 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%. After 20 days of treatment, the animals were euthanized, and periodontal parameters (gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, alveolar bone loss, and myeloperoxidase activity), serum biochemical markers, oxidative stress markers in liver and kidney tissues, and histopathological changes were assessed.

Results:  Periodontitis induced significant periodontal and systemic alterations. L. ferrea gel produced dose-dependent improvements in periodontal parameters, with the 7.5% group showing reduced gingival bleeding, probing depth, and myeloperoxidase activity (p<0.05). Alveolar bone loss was attenuated mainly in lower concentrations. Triglycerides were significantly reduced in all treated groups (p<0.05). Renal markers showed partial improvement, with reduced urea and creatinine levels in treated animals. Oxidative stress markers indicated increased glutathione and reduced malondialdehyde in treated groups. Histology confirmed preservation of hepatic architecture and reduced steatosis, particularly in higher-dose and chlorhexidine groups.

Conclusions:  L. ferrea gel exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue-protective effects, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis.