Mare Nostrum
type: channel
description: Mare Nostrum is a journal about the Ancient Mediterranean that has been published by the Laboratory of Studies on the Roman Empire and the Ancient Mediterranean (University of São Paulo) since 2010.
publisher: Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
language: en
publication name: Mare Nostrum
issn: 2177-4218
copyright: Responsibility for the content published by Mare Nostrum rests exclusively with the author(s) of such content. The reproduction of the texts published by Mare Nostrum is licensed according to Creative Commons license Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC). Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
items: Dying for a Drink on the Meroitic Frontier: Imported Objects in Funerary Assemblages at Faras, Sudanese Nubia
items: Gift of the Nile? Climate change, the origins of the Egyptian civilization and Its interactions within Northeast Africa
items: Editorial
items: Introdução ao Dossiê A Antiguidade do Nordeste Africano
items: Between Egypt and Azania: Afro-Asiatic Connection in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
items: Egypt, North-Eastern Africa and the Near East in the Early Bronze Age: Geopolitics and Exchanges
items: Diaspora after the Unesco Rescue Campaign: It's impact on displaced Nubian populations
items: Beyond the Nile: Long term Patterns in Nomad-State Interactions across Northeast Africa
items: Egypt and Egyptology in the pan-African discourse of Amy Jacques Garvey and Marcus Garvey
items: Resenha de Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. The Rise of the Parthian Empire in the Hellenistic Middle East, 2020, 396 p.
items: Resenha de Burton, Paul J. Roman Imperialism, 2019, 120 p.
items: Writing, Sealing, and Managing. An approach to the documentary sources of the Third Dinasty of Ur from the Landscape Ephigraphy
items: Review of A. Kouremenos & J. M. Gordon. Mediterranean Archaeologies of Insularity in an Age of Globalization. Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2020, 284 p.
items: Mare Nostrum Interview: Jonathan Pugh
items: Mare Nostrum Entrevista: Gilberto da Silva Francisco
items: Insularity and Imperial Politics: Hadrian on the Greek Islands
items: Stone Artifacts from Agathonisi, Dodecanese, Greece: Evidence of Insularity
items: Travelers in the Mediterranean: The Case for Ancient Parians
items: Insularity and the Unique Position of Aeolic Song in Archaic Greek Poetry
items: Island on a Pendulum: Naxos Between Isolation and Connectivity
items: The Iron Age Cyclades and Crete: Different Approaches to Connectivity Speculatively Related to Food Security
items: Field Notes from the Odyssey: The Fabulous Ethnography of Aiolie, Aiaie, and Ogygie
items: Mithridates, Helianax and Late Hellenistic Delos as Global City: Urban Insularity and Integration Fields
items: Plutarch and the Lagids: Representation and Imperial Advertising
items: Would It Be Lawfull to Take the Sword, When the Lord Proclaims Whoever Uses the Sword Will Perish for It? Tertullian and Military Service Controversy (3rd Century)
items: Review of Brosius, M. A History of Ancient Persia: The Achaemenid Empire: Hoboken, Nwe Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2021, 288 p.
items: Archaeology of an ancient procession: the practice of πομπή between Athens and Eleusis in the Roman Period (2nd - 3rd AD)
items: The informal colonialism of Egyptology: from the French expedition to the Security State

Dying for a Drink on the Meroitic Frontier: Imported Objects in Funerary Assemblages at Faras, Sudanese Nubia
type: item
description: This paper examines the use of imported objects in funerary assemblages at the Meroitic cemetery of Faras in Sudanese Nubia (north Sudan). Excavated at the beginning of the 20th century by Francis Llewellyn Griffith (1862-1934), Faras was situated on the frontier between the Kingdom of Meroë (c.300 BCE – 350 CE) and Ptolemaic-Roman Egypt. Its location granted it access to wide-ranging commercial networks and imported objects were frequently utilised as grave goods. Drawing upon the author’s PhD research, this paper offers a nuanced assessment of how imports were selected and used in funerary practice at Faras. It disputes the traditional idea that the Meroitic frontier functioned as an acculturated buffer of the classical world and demonstrates that, despite centuries of material contact with Egypt, the people of Faras maintained a distinctly Meroitic identity expressed through local mortuary tradition.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Faras
  topic: keywords
subject: Meroitic studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Funerary archaeology
  topic: keywords
subject: Frontier studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Henry Cosmo Bishop-Wright
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Henry Cosmo Bishop-Wright https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 87
ending page: 121
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p87-121

Gift of the Nile? Climate change, the origins of the Egyptian civilization and Its interactions within Northeast Africa
type: item
description: Scholars today see the same basic landscape as Herodotus did before them in Egypt and northern Sudan, a narrow strip of green fed by the Nile and surrounded by an absolute desert. This distinctive ecology continues to play a central role in models for the origins of the ancient Egyptian state that downplay ancient Egypt’s broader African interconnections. From the 1930’s through the present day, however, a group of deep desert explorers and archaeologists have documented that during the Neolithic period much of the Sahara was a vast grassland with seasonal and perhaps permanent lakes. This paper discusses evidence from recent research, including data from the UCSB Dongola Reach Expedition and UCSB-ASU Fourth Cataract Project, that points to interlinkages between the cultures of the Upper Egyptian Nile, the Sahara and Sudanese Nubia, demonstrating how interaction combined with climate change in the form of a gradual desiccation of the Sahara contributed to the rapid emergence of the Egyptian state while maintaining robust connections across northeast Africa.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: Egypt
  topic: keywords
subject: Nubia
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Intercultural Interactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Sahara
  topic: keywords
subject: Hannek
  topic: keywords
subject: Akkad
  topic: keywords
subject: Ginefab
  topic: keywords
creator: Stuart Tyson Smith
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Stuart Tyson Smith; Rennan Lemos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 251
ending page: 281
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p251-281

Editorial
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Gustavo Junqueira Duarte Oliveira
creator: Ana Paula Scarpa
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Gustavo Junqueira Duarte Oliveira, Ana Paula Scarpa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: x
ending page: xi
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1px-xi

Introdução ao Dossiê A Antiguidade do Nordeste Africano
type: item
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
creator: Fábio Frizzo
creator: Maria Thereza David João
creator: Rennan Lemos
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Fábio Frizzo, Maria Thereza David João, Rennan Lemos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p1-7

Between Egypt and Azania: Afro-Asiatic Connection in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
type: item
description: The aim of this article is to analyse the processes of contact and integration between northeast Africa and different regions of Africa and Asia, focusing specifically on an anonymous text from the 1st century AD known as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. This document, generally read from a romanocentric perspective, will be interpreted with the analytical models of Global History. Hence, this analysis expects to show that the Egyptian ports of the Red Sea were part of an ancestral Afro-Asiatic connective system – of which the Roman Empire was not the creator, but a late participant.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: global history
  topic: keywords
subject: Azania
  topic: keywords
creator: Otávio Luiz Vieira Pinto
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Otávio Luiz Vieira Pinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 123
ending page: 145
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p123-145

Egypt, North-Eastern Africa and the Near East in the Early Bronze Age: Geopolitics and Exchanges
type: item
description: Egypt was part of dense network of exchanges that linked North-Eastern Africa with Eurasia and the northern Indian Ocean during the Early Bronze Age. The pharaonic monarchy has been traditionally considered the main promoter of such contacts because of the volume of its demand and its capacity to organize costly expeditions sent to neighbour territories in search of exotic and valuable goods. However, recent research also reveals the importance of modest items traded and the participation of private, non-institutional actors. This may explain why commercial activities not only did not decrease in the period that followed the crisis of the monarchy around 2160 BC but, on the contrary, flourish and boosted urban size increase and the intervention of foreign powers as allies and commercial partners.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Caravan
  topic: keywords
subject: Ebla
  topic: keywords
subject: Egypt
  topic: keywords
subject: merchant
  topic: keywords
subject: Nubia
  topic: keywords
subject: routes
  topic: keywords
subject: state
  topic: keywords
subject: trade
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Carlos Moreno García
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Carlos Moreno García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 9
ending page: 36
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p9-36

Diaspora after the Unesco Rescue Campaign: It's impact on displaced Nubian populations
type: item
description: This article swings between the analysis of UNESCO's action during the Rescue Salvage Campaign in Nubia, the management of cultural heritage (archaeological and monumental, and intangible), and the impact caused by the construction of the Aswan Dam and the forced evacuation of the Nubians populations settled in the region. The story of those displaced due to the built of the Aswan dam did not occupy as many pages of literature as did the rescue of the Sudanese and Egyptian cultural heritage (archaeological, historical, epigraphic, artistic, ethnographic, etc.). The contemporary populations that inhabited the flooded territory was soon forgotten despite they were direct inheritors to the peoples who had populated the region since prehistoric times. We deal this variety of issues in this brief contribution. Offering some reflections on the colonial past, interpretations with biases of superiority on the Nubian past, postcolonial archaeological theories, new indigenous, and collaborative archaeological practices plus the rescue anthropology.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Displaced people
  topic: keywords
subject: UNESCO
  topic: keywords
subject: Nubia
  topic: keywords
subject: archaeological practices
  topic: keywords
subject: anthropological research
  topic: keywords
subject: impact
  topic: keywords
creator: Salomé Zurinaga Fernández-Toribio
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Salomé Zurinaga Fernández-Toribio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 179
ending page: 217
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p179-217

Beyond the Nile: Long term Patterns in Nomad-State Interactions across Northeast Africa
type: item
description: The fertility brought about by the Egyptian and Sudanese Nile Valley allowed for one of the densest urban populations in the African continent, creating a myriad of different dynasties, states, and cities that dominated trade and politics across Northeast Africa. Despite the Nile-centric axis of this world (and our study of it), almost every boundary of the Egyptian or Nubian states were bordered by desert and savannah ecologies, the abode of herders or more properly ‘pastoralist nomads’. From the Marmarica coastal steppe of the Mediterranean coast, to the Atbai Hills of the Red Sea, to the Sahel west of the Upper Nubian Nile in Kordofan, Northeast Africa was dominated by nomads. In this thinking, sedentary urban groups on the Nile are spatially the exception rather than the rule, with urban peoples occupying a thin ribbon of agricultural potential on the banks of the river and select oases. The rest of Northeast Africa was ‘nomad land’. The history of nomad-state interactions is one of constant transgression of each other’s realms, with nomadic peoples coming to the Nile for employment and grazing and Nile peoples journeying through the desert for resource exploitation and trade. This Nile-desert nexus is one of the longest documented case studies in nomad-urban interactions in world history.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Ancient Egypt
  topic: keywords
subject: Nubia
  topic: keywords
subject: Nomadism
  topic: keywords
subject: States
  topic: keywords
creator: Julien Cooper
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Julien Cooper https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 37
ending page: 86
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p37-86

Egypt and Egyptology in the pan-African discourse of Amy Jacques Garvey and Marcus Garvey
type: item
description: Amy Jacques Garvey and Marcus Garvey argued for the Africanity of ancient Nile Valley cultures, in direct opposition to some academics. In early 20th-century United States, incorrect narratives alleged that Africa had no history. The Garveys, and other Black intellectuals, looked to the Nile Valley to show the absurdity of that claim. The pan-Africanism of Garveyism instilled pride in African descended communities and united them against colonial structures. Pan-Africanism factored strongly in President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s conception of the modern nation-state of Egypt. Egyptian scholars from a variety of fields, including Nile Valley studies, continue to understand ancient Egypt as part of a network of African cultures. Keywords: Amy Jacques Garvey, Marcus Garvey, Gamal Abdel Nasser, pan-Africanism, Egyptology, Egypt
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Amy Jacques Garvey
  topic: keywords
subject: Marcus Garvey
  topic: keywords
subject: Gamal Abdel Nasser
  topic: keywords
subject: pan-Africanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Egyptology
  topic: keywords
subject: Egypt
  topic: keywords
creator: Vanessa Davies
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Vanessa Davies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 147
ending page: 178
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p147-178

Resenha de Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. The Rise of the Parthian Empire in the Hellenistic Middle East, 2020, 396 p.
type: item
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
creator: Henrique Modanez de Sant’Anna
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Henrique Modanez de Sant’Anna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 293
ending page: 297
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p293-297

Resenha de Burton, Paul J. Roman Imperialism, 2019, 120 p.
type: item
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
creator: Rafael Scopacasa
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Rafael Scopacasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 283
ending page: 291
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p283-291

Writing, Sealing, and Managing. An approach to the documentary sources of the Third Dinasty of Ur from the Landscape Ephigraphy
type: item
description: In this article, we propose an approach to the administrative texts of the Third Dynasty of Ur in Mesopotamia (c. 2110-2003 BCE) – in particular, of the pisaĝ-dub-ba tablets – from a theoretical-methodological perspective that we will call Landscape Epigraphy. On the one hand, its importance lies in understanding documents in the same contexts of production, circulation, and storage, considering their semantic-internal and syntactic-structural components. On the other, it enables the understanding and recognition, based on a rigorous approach to administrative documentation, of (i) agents (human and non-human) along with their practices, (ii) objects/things (material culture), and (iii) places involved in shaping a social landscape. In the case of Lower Mesopotamia, the social landscape was composed of several provincial archives, which were subdivided into smaller and larger offices as regulators of different economic and political spheres of this period. Finally, the outlined theoretical-methodological perspective will contribute to the analysis of the Neo-Sumerian bureaucratic system, which would have been expressed through the messages contained in the documentary record and, in this way, it reinforced the legitimate voice of the center over local powers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Landscape Epigraphy
  topic: keywords
subject: Mesopotamia
  topic: keywords
subject: Third Dynasty of Ur
  topic: keywords
subject: administrative texts
  topic: keywords
creator: Rodrigo Cabrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Rodrigo Cabrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-23
publication date: 2022-12-23
starting page: 219
ending page: 250
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p219-250

Review of A. Kouremenos & J. M. Gordon. Mediterranean Archaeologies of Insularity in an Age of Globalization. Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2020, 284 p.
type: item
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
creator: Jesper Tae Jensen
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Jesper Tae Jensen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 321
ending page: 326
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p321-326

Mare Nostrum Interview: Jonathan Pugh
type: item
description: Interview with Prof. Jonathan Pugh.
subject: Interviews
  topic: section
subject: Anthropocene
  topic: keywords
subject: Insularity
  topic: keywords
creator: Jonathan Pugh
creator: Lilian de Angelo Laky
creator: Erica Angliker
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Jonathan Pugh, Lilian de Angelo Laky, Erika Angliker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 265
ending page: 277
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p265-277

Mare Nostrum Entrevista: Gilberto da Silva Francisco
type: item
description: Interview with Prof. Gilberto da Silva Francisco.
subject: Interviews
  topic: section
subject: Delos
  topic: keywords
subject: Archaeology
  topic: keywords
subject: Heraion
  topic: keywords
creator: Gilberto da Silva Francisco
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Gilberto da Silva Francisco, Lilian de Angelo Laky, Erika Angliker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 223
ending page: 264
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p223-264

Insularity and Imperial Politics: Hadrian on the Greek Islands
type: item
description: Since its conquest by Rome in the 2nd century BCE, Roman notables were a constant presence in Greece. While various sites on the mainland served as battlegrounds for Roman civil wars during the 1st century BCE (e.g., Pharsalus, Actium, Philippi), the early imperial period was characterized by the use of various Greek islands as places of – often self-imposed – exile and/or isolation for such notables as M. Vipsanius Agrippa (Lesbos) and Tiberius (Rhodes). Other imperial Romans sojourned in the Aegean islands for different reasons. Augustus spent a winter on Samos after his victory at Actium, using it as a temporary powerbase for the refinement of his imperial plans, and he visited it and other islands again as emperor. While the first two Julio-Claudian emperors maintained close contacts with the Greek world, in the 2nd century CE Hadrian took this connection a step further and promoted Hellenism as a major part of his imperial policy. Naturally, the Greek islands played an important role in imperial politics during his reign, but only as components of the wider Hellenic world and not as isolated entities. Hadrian visited Rhodes and Paros to restore and venerate older Hellenic monuments – the Colossus and the tomb of the poet Archilochus respectively – and possibly Samothrace in order to be initiated into the Mysteries of the Great Gods. He also visited other islands in Greece, but his exact travel itinerary can only be speculative given our fragmentary literary and epigraphic evidence. In this paper, I focus on Hadrian’s presence on the Aegean islands and argue that during his reign they served mainly as sites that allowed for the implementation of his imperial plans by virtue of their easy access from the mainland Greek and Asian provinces. Accordingly, by promoting certain aspects of older Hellenic culture on specific islands, Hadrian conferred renewed prestige to these islands in the Roman Empire.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Roman Greece
  topic: keywords
subject: Hadrian
  topic: keywords
subject: Insularity
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman Imperialism
  topic: keywords
subject: Aegean Islands
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Kouremenos
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Anna Kouremenos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 199
ending page: 221
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p199-221

Stone Artifacts from Agathonisi, Dodecanese, Greece: Evidence of Insularity
type: item
description: The systematic excavation at Kastraki of Agathonisi island revealed the remnants of a fortified harbor, which developed commercial and political contacts with Miletos, the Ionic metropolis, and other cities of Asia Minor, as well as its neighboring or remote islands. These conclusions were provided by the well-studied findings of the excavation and can be also confirmed by the unpublished stone artifacts, such as vases, querns, and tools, which will be presented here. They were carved in local or imported rocks. The investigation of their origin elucidates the question of insularity, that is isolation and connectivity.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Agathonisi
  topic: keywords
subject: Dodecanese
  topic: keywords
subject: Stone
  topic: keywords
subject: Vases
  topic: keywords
subject: Querns
  topic: keywords
creator: Eirene Poupaki
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Eirene Poupaki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 127
ending page: 164
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p127-164

Travelers in the Mediterranean: The Case for Ancient Parians
type: item
description: The island of Paros located in the centre of the Aegean Sea, emerged as an organized polis/state already in mid-8th century BC. Its geographical position favored early sea communications and foundation of colonies along the Mediterranean. In the article, I discuss the impressive phenomenon of itinerant Parians in the Mediterranean in relation to (a) the colonies founded by Paros in the Propontis, the North Aegean and the Adriatic Sea, (b) certain activities of travelling groups of artists in Greece proper and the periphery of the Greek world, and (c) two exceptional cases of itinerant Parians, Archilochos the poet (7th century BC) and Skopas the sculptor and architect (4th century BC). Finally, a short mention is made of another type of mobilization of fighters, under state control.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Ancient Paros
  topic: keywords
subject: Mediterranean Sea
  topic: keywords
subject: Itinerant artists
  topic: keywords
subject: Aegean world
  topic: keywords
subject: Adriatic Sea
  topic: keywords
creator: Dora Katsonopoulou
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Dora Katsonopoulou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 115
ending page: 125
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p115-125

Insularity and the Unique Position of Aeolic Song in Archaic Greek Poetry
type: item
description: Archaic Greek poetry was a multiple phenomenon: different areas developed diverse, though interrelated genres. This article comments on the unique position Aeolic mélos had in the archaic Greek song tradition. Firstly, it points to Sappho and Alcaeus’ somewhat ambivalent reception by ancient authors. Secondly, it shows how different aspects of their corpus exhibit a pattern of communication with other Greek poetry, while maintaining its own particularities. This unique status is demonstrated by an analysis of Aeolic poetic formulae. Finally, the article proposes the insular geography of Lesbos as one of the reasons for the singularity of this poetry.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Insularity
  topic: keywords
subject: Greek lyric
  topic: keywords
subject: Lesbian poetry
  topic: keywords
subject: Orality
  topic: keywords
subject: Formulae
  topic: keywords
creator: Tadeu Andrade
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Tadeu Andrade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 79
ending page: 114
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p79-114

Island on a Pendulum: Naxos Between Isolation and Connectivity
type: item
description: Naxos, the largest island of the Cyclades, in the center of the Archipelago, swayed over time between the two ends of the pendulum of insularity, namely between isolation and connectivity, in almost every aspect of human life (society, politics, economy, art, worship etc.). The article examines the position and importance of the island in the Archipelago but also its interaction with the neighboring mainland. It seeks the identity of its inhabitants and whether it differed from that of neighboring islands. It is a diachronic study based on the methods of Historical Archaeology, extending from the Early Iron Age to the end of the Roman period. In this respect, the limitations imposed by the material remains of the past can be overcome by the exploitation of textual evidence in conjunction with evidence found in the landscape and the natural resources. The starting point is the image of Naxos in myth and literature as a place chosen for the upbringing of gods (i.e., Zeus’ and Dionysus’) or as a deserted landscape of abandonment and pain (in the case of Ariadne). The article specifies which of these traditions are of local origin and which are panhellenic. Subsequently, local history issues related to the aspect of insularity are examined, such as: the trade of Naxian goods, the spread of Naxian coins, the mobility of Naxians as individuals (artists, professionals, pilgrims, etc.), products imports, the participation in alliances (i.e. Delian League, Second Athenian League, Nesiotic League), issues of colonization and mobility of Naxians in general etc.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Insularity
  topic: keywords
subject: Island Archaeology
  topic: keywords
subject: Naxos
  topic: keywords
creator: Alexandra S. Sfyroera
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Alexandra S. Sfyroera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 51
ending page: 77
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p51-77

The Iron Age Cyclades and Crete: Different Approaches to Connectivity Speculatively Related to Food Security
type: item
description: This paper offers a case study of some of the Cycladic Islands examining connectivity and insularity between 1000 – 500 BCE. In the Cyclades, evidence of interaction with areas outside of the archipelago and of intra-island connectivity is observable on many of the islands. It will be argued that environmental factors, predominantly low rainfall, may be at least part of the explanation for the adoption of a strategy of reaching out beyond an island’s shores. Cycladic islanders plausibly sought to develop strong networks of affiliation with trading partners from other regions perhaps to serve as buffer zones to rely on during periods of poor food productivity. Compared to Cycladic material, the archaeological evidence of Cretan items found outside Crete is not as robust. This paper speculatively suggests that Cretans, living in a more fertile environment, did not feel the same need as Cycladic islanders to establish networks of affiliation for purposes of food security.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Cyclades
  topic: keywords
subject: Crete
  topic: keywords
subject: Connectivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Rainfall
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Security
  topic: keywords
creator: Doug Forsyth
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Doug Forsyth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 19
ending page: 50
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p19-50

Field Notes from the Odyssey: The Fabulous Ethnography of Aiolie, Aiaie, and Ogygie
type: item
description: Odysseus’ ethnographic digressions in books 9-12 of the Odyssey—the so-called Apologue—have served as the premier paradigm for mythic and actual ethnography from Herodotus through Marco Polo and Christopher Columbus, and more particularly, for the ‘I-witnessing approach’ of ethnography. Among the peoples and lands and styles of thinking he encountered (Odyssey 1.3), the hero also became acquainted with several islands. As microcosms of larger societies, islands furnish ‘master metaphors’ and models with which to think about culture. In this article I discuss three islands from the Apologue in the chronological order of Odysseus’ travels. They are inseparable from their geography and the personality and ‘life style’ of their inhabitants, as will be seen; these islands adumbrate the moral and gendered mythic cartography of Archaic Greece.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
subject: Odyssey
  topic: keywords
subject: Island imaginary
  topic: keywords
subject: Island as metaphor
  topic: keywords
subject: 'Ethnographic savage'
  topic: keywords
creator: Ioannis Petropoulos
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Ioannis Petropoulos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p1-18

Editorial
type: item
description: Editorial
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: keywords
creator: Lilian de Angelo Laky
creator: Erica Angliker
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Lilian de Angelo Laky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: ix
ending page: xvii
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2pix-xvii

Mithridates, Helianax and Late Hellenistic Delos as Global City: Urban Insularity and Integration Fields
type: item
description: This paper discusses the theoretical problem of the mediation between macro and micro scales of analysis in Global History, centered on the analysis of the temple of Mithridates dedicated by a certain Helianax in 102/1 BC in the Samothrakeion of Delos. After describing the available archaeological and epigraphical evidence, the paper discusses the concepts of (urban) insularity, world/global city, and integration fields, in order to explore their explanatory power for the analysis of the integration fields and modes of integration visible in Helianax’s dedication.
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Urban insularity
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration fields
  topic: keywords
subject: Hellenistic Delos
  topic: keywords
creator: Fábio Augusto Morales
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Fábio Augusto Morales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 165
ending page: 197
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p165-197

Plutarch and the Lagids: Representation and Imperial Advertising
type: item
description: This article seeks to analyze the representations of the Lagids and the Orient forged by Plutarch in Parallel Lives. Speaking from the point of view of a citizen of a Greek polis (Queroneia), who lived under Roman rule, Plutarch reconfigures facts, data and history itself, with his biographical writing that is simultaneously strategically dramatic, theatrical, emotional and moralizing. This article intends to show that Plutarch, forging the representation of the Ptolemaic dynasty, does so from an imperialist and orientalist perspective, following Roman ideology. The main analytical categories used to produce this text are imperialism, orientalism, and representation/identity. The methodology used in the analysis is based on the traditional form of the historian's work, that is, the internal and external criticism of the sources, combined with content analysis. We see that Plutarch, based on stereotyped oppositional dichotomies supported by Hellenic precepts, subordinates the Lagids and the Orient in favor of a supposed superiority based on a cultural and moral hierarchy, like in the Roman propaganda.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plutarco
  topic: keywords
subject: Vidas Paralelas
  topic: keywords
subject: Lág
  topic: keywords
subject: Oriente
  topic: keywords
subject: Propaganda Imperial
  topic: keywords
creator: Felipe Aiala de Mello
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Felipe Aiala de Mello Mello https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 279
ending page: 301
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p279-301

Would It Be Lawfull to Take the Sword, When the Lord Proclaims Whoever Uses the Sword Will Perish for It? Tertullian and Military Service Controversy (3rd Century)
type: item
description: This article aims to analyze the thinking of the North African writer Tertullian regarding the controversy of Christian military service. For that, we selected two of his works, namely: De Idololatria and De Corona. The question raised by Tertullian in these treaties shows a Christianity concerned not only with maintaining the status quo of a Christian ethic, considering all the controversies surrounding military service itself (sacrifices to the gods and the emperor and the obligation to torture and murder enemies), but, above all, it exposes an urgent need for identity differentiation with its rival cult, Mithraism, which gathered a large part of its followers in the Roman military ranks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Roman Empire
  topic: keywords
subject: Tertullian
  topic: keywords
subject: Christianity
  topic: keywords
subject: Military Service
  topic: keywords
creator: Ludimila Caliman Campos
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Ludimila Caliman Campos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 303
ending page: 320
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p303-320

Review of Brosius, M. A History of Ancient Persia: The Achaemenid Empire: Hoboken, Nwe Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2021, 288 p.
type: item
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
subject: Pérsia
  topic: keywords
subject: Aquemênidas
  topic: keywords
subject: Resenha
  topic: keywords
subject: Perserie
  topic: keywords
subject: Esdras
  topic: keywords
creator: Matheus Treuk Medeiros de Araujo
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Matheus Treuk Medeiros de Araujo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-04
publication date: 2021-08-04
starting page: 329
ending page: 333
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i2p329-333

Archaeology of an ancient procession: the practice of πομπή between Athens and Eleusis in the Roman Period (2nd - 3rd AD)
type: item
description: This article aims to identify the particularities of the procession celebrated between Athens and Eleusis during the Eleusinian Mysteries in the Roman Period (II - III AD) based on evidences found in sources of different natures (textual, topographic/architectural and epigraphic). It seeks to understand aspects related to the permanence of the Eleusinian ancestral tradition and to identify innovations typical of the Roman historical strata, whose evidence can be observed both in the organization of the procession and in the building interventions on sanctuaries (Eleusis and the City Eleusinion in Athens) and the Sacred Way (hierá hodós).
subject: Dossier
  topic: section
subject: Eleusinian Mysteries
  topic: keywords
subject: Ancient procession
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman Greece
  topic: keywords
subject: Eleusis
  topic: keywords
subject: City Eleusinion
  topic: keywords
subject: Ancient Greek religion
  topic: keywords
creator: Felipe Perissato
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Felipe Perissato https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-03-12
publication date: 2021-03-12
starting page: 111
ending page: 137
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i1p111-137

Editorial
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Ana Paula Scarpa
creator: Pedro Luís de Toledo Piza
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Ana Paula Scarpa, Pedro Luís de Toledo Piza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-03-12
publication date: 2021-03-12
starting page: x
ending page: xiv
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i1px-xiv

The informal colonialism of Egyptology: from the French expedition to the Security State
type: item
description: This contribution is a critical review of the colonial history of the academic discipline of Egyptology. It traces the development of the field from its early days under European colonialism and intra-European geopolitical competition to the advent of Egyptian control in recent times. A vehicle for western interests in Northeast Africa, the exploration of Egypt’s ancient past was framed as part of a civilizing mission where Europe would wrest Egypt from the claws of Ottoman domination and restore the land to its former greatness. Through the Christian Bible and the former Greek and Roman rule, Egypt was positioned as an early form of western civilization, therefore bolstering European claims over the area and enabling the appropriation of Egyptian history. European scholars, fostering the idea of ancient Egypt as a paternalist paradise lost, created a westernized and western-central framework for its study, which still inspires the standards of knowledge production today and shows in the geographic centers and primary languages of scholarly output. Egyptians, increasingly autonomous since the formal decolonization in the 1950s, subsequently adopted and retained the established practices when formal control over the Egyptian past went over to them. The colonial narratives of old were used to bolster tourism as a vital economy and went on to serve Egyptian nationalism and the legitimization of the existing power relations, framing Egyptian history as one of continuous strongman rule. The paper traces this transition from formal to informal colonialism while discussing it against decolonial concepts like the colonial matrix of power.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: History of Egyptology
  topic: keywords
subject: Coloniality
  topic: keywords
subject: Eurocentrism
  topic: keywords
creator: Christian Langer
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Christian Langer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-03-12
publication date: 2021-03-12
starting page: 243
ending page: 268
doi: 10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v12i1p243-268