Mecatrone
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description: Para submeter seu artigo, vá para Submissões online.
publisher: Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Politécnica.
language: en
publication name: Mecatrone
issn: 2526-8260
items: Editorial v. 8
items: Modeling and control of interactions between pedestrians and cyclists in shared spaces using the PFS/RdP (Production Flow Schema) methodology
items: Tutorial on how to download and use the Autodesk Fusion program
items: Initial Guide to Auto Multiple Choice (AMC) for .TXT Files
items: Installation Tutorial for Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
items: Editorial
items: Walker with a lifting mechanism and walking monitoring system
items: Autonomous Navigation Strategy for Drones in Indoor Environments Using Neural Networks
items: Assessment of Food Supply Chain Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Discrete Event Modeling
items: Line Follower Cart Manufacturing Line
items: Modeling Airport Flow Using Discrete Event Systems
items: Modeling the production of MODE lenses for satellites as a Discrete Event System
items: Study on the Automation of Aircraft Ground Handling Processes
items: Automation of Container Unloading from Large Cargo Ships and Color-Based Positioning Segmentation
items: Simulation of a liquid propellant rocket engine manufacturing assembly line utilizing the PFS/PN methodology
items: Conceptual Study on the Automation of University Restaurants at USP
items: The concept of discrete event system control applied to hydrogen tank manufacturing
items: Model andcontrol of vehicle dynamics and monitoring of attitude and performance
items: Automation project for the fast-food production process using a discrete event system
items: E-cycle: recyclable selection system
items: Project and implementation of a personal assistant for meeting scheduling
items: Research and development of the control system of a haptic interface for motor learning and control tests
items: Mecatrone, volume 4
items: Historical synthesis of the Advanced School of Mechatronics Engineering
items: A study of glider dynamics - underwater vehicle for oceanographic monitoring
items: Procedure for experimental calculation of the center of gravity position of road vehicles
items: Development of simulation software for projection-based augmented reality
items: Benefits of using the frequency inverter in level control of water supply systems

Editorial v. 8
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Constanza Maria Reis da Silva Mariano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Constanza Maria Reis da Silva Mariano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.243292

Modeling and control of interactions between pedestrians and cyclists in shared spaces using the PFS/RdP (Production Flow Schema) methodology
type: item
description: This article will address the interactions between pedestrian and cyclist paths in a square. In this way, the problem to be solved is how cyclists and pedestrians should travel through the square without there being conflicts between them and how their routes can be optimized based on the size of the square. The approach adopted was to model the system in two distinct cases, one without conflict between the entities, therefore without control, and the other with interaction between the elements and the control model. The system was simplified into 4 inputs and 6 outputs and its modeling was done using the petri net (RdP) following the step-by-step PFS/RdP methodology. The model validation will be through RdP simulation using the Pipe software. For PLC programming.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri net
  topic: keywords
subject: Discrete Event Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Signaling
  topic: keywords
subject: Traffic light
  topic: keywords
subject: Process Flow Schema
  topic: keywords
creator: Augusto Campos
creator: Henrique Zenga Carrenho
creator: Vinicius Santos Farina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vinicius Santos Farina, Augusto Campos, Henrique Zenga Carrenho http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.231937

Tutorial on how to download and use the Autodesk Fusion program
type: item
description: This article presents an introductory tutorial for using the Autodesk Fusion software, focusing on its application in scientific initiation projects. The main tools and functionalities of the program are addressed in a sequential and didactic manner, from installation to the creation of parts for 3D printing. The topics cover everything from basic features such as Sketch, Extrude, Revolve and Loft, to more advanced aspects such as gear modeling (cylindrical and conical), thread application, importing McMaster-Carr components, assembling sets via Grabcad and creating animations with multiple joints. The tutorial aims to provide a basis for students and researchers who wish to incorporate Fusion into their engineering projects.
subject: Textos Livres
  topic: section
subject: Autodesk Fusion 360
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientific initiation
  topic: keywords
subject: 3D modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: CAD
  topic: keywords
subject: Gears
  topic: keywords
subject: 3D printing
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical design
  topic: keywords
subject: Animation
  topic: keywords
creator: Davi Nagai Matias
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Davi Nagai Matias http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 31
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.238268

Initial Guide to Auto Multiple Choice (AMC) for .TXT Files
type: item
description: This document presents an introductory guide on the initial setup of Auto Multiple Choice (AMC), an open-source tool aimed at creating and automatically grading multiple-choice exams. The tutorial covers everything from software installation and updates to the configuration of necessary packages for proper operation, with an emphasis on using WSL for Windows environments.
subject: Textos Livres
  topic: section
subject: AMC
  topic: keywords
subject: Auto Multiple Choice
  topic: keywords
subject: Questionnaire
  topic: keywords
subject: Installation
  topic: keywords
subject: Tutorial
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Eduardo Silva de Marchi
creator: Jhonatan Ribeiro dos Santos
creator: Pedro Henrique Rosa Teixeira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jhonatan Ribeiro dos Santos, Pedro Henrique Rosa Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo Silva de Marchi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.237448

Installation Tutorial for Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
type: item
description: This tutorial guides you through activating the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), which allows Windows to run a Linux machine within the Windows environment by executing Linux distributions directly on the operating system. It explains how to check system compatibility, enable the necessary components, and install a Linux distribution, such as Ubuntu.
subject: Textos Livres
  topic: section
subject: WSL
  topic: keywords
subject: Tutorial
  topic: keywords
subject: Questionnaire
  topic: keywords
subject: Installation
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Eduardo Silva de Marchi
creator: Jhonatan Ribeiro dos Santos
creator: Pedro Henrique Rosa Teixeira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jhonatan Ribeiro dos Santos, Carlos Eduardo Silva de Marchi, Pedro Henrique Rosa Teixeira http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.237428

Editorial
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Constanza Maria Reis da Silva Mariano
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Constanza Maria Reis da Silva Mariano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-29
publication date: 2024-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2024.232601

Walker with a lifting mechanism and walking monitoring system
type: item
description: With the aging population, the physical and emotional strain on caregivers of elderly individuals with low mobility has become an increasingly relevant issue in society. To address this challenge, this study developed a walker equipped with a mechanism for lifting patients from a seated position and a data acquisition system for monitoring walking conditions. Initially, theoretical analyses were conducted to determine the best strategies for lifting a person from a seated position, identifying the optimal placement of supports for the maneuver, the main safety risks to the patient, such as falls, and the most relevant data for walking monitoring. Based on this information and the project requirements, existing walker models with lifting mechanisms were studied, serving as a reference for the initial design. Modifications were implemented during the prototyping phase. The designed walker uses a lever operated by the caregiver's feet for the lifting mechanism. It also includes safety straps to prevent falls, arm and knee supports, lockable wheels, and a monitoring system that records data such as oxygenation, heart rate, balance disturbances, speed, and acceleration. A wooden prototype was built and tested, demonstrating that the equipment offers good ergonomics and usability. The tests revealed greater ease in lifting the patient, requiring less effort from the caregiver.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Walk monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical assistance device
  topic: keywords
subject: Sit-to-stand aid
  topic: keywords
creator: Leticia Miyuki Kimoto
creator: Gabriela Kazumi Ono Leal
creator: Oswaldo Horikawa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriela Kazumi Ono Leal, Leticia Miyuki Kimoto, Oswaldo Horikawa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-29
publication date: 2024-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2024.232415

Autonomous Navigation Strategy for Drones in Indoor Environments Using Neural Networks
type: item
description: Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles, and their use in indoor environments has several applications, such as logistics, storage, and security. Autonomous navigation facilitates access, increases efficiency, and reduces operational costs. However, this type of application introduces positioning challenges, primarily due to the inaccuracy of GPS signals, which is the main method implemented in open environments. In this context, the development of a localization strategy based on convolutional neural network models is proposed, which are responsible for trajectory classification that informs the decision-making process of the system’s control algorithm.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Drones
  topic: keywords
subject: Autonomous navigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Indoor localization
  topic: keywords
creator: Sophia Celine Rafael Alves Pereira
creator: Fábio Calça Carvalho
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sophia Celine Rafael Alves Pereira, Fábio Calça Carvalho http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2024.232404

Assessment of Food Supply Chain Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Discrete Event Modeling
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on supply chains (SC) worldwide, altering food purchasing patterns, the paradigm of digital services, and logistics and distribution due to workforce shortages, transportation disruptions, and new safety and hygiene measures. The adverse effects of this scenario were studied and simulated by Ivanov and Burgos in "Food Retail Supply Chain Resilience and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Digital Twin-Based Impact Analysis and Improvement Directions", serving as the basis for this study. In this work, we will use Discrete Event Simulation with Petri Net modeling to establish a control system for supply chains. Through this approach, we aim to demonstrate how different scenarios caused by the pandemic influence control signals and the functioning of the model, enabling a deeper assessment of the resilience of food supply chains.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Discrete Event Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri Nets
  topic: keywords
subject: Automation
  topic: keywords
subject: Supply Chains
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19 Pandemic
  topic: keywords
creator: Caic Hein Fernandes Maciel
creator: Gabriel Cordeiro Caram
creator: Gustavo Loiola dos Santos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriel Cordeiro Caram, Caic Hein Fernandes Maciel, Gustavo Loiola dos Santos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.232333

Line Follower Cart Manufacturing Line
type: item
description: This project aims to develop and analyze a line-following cart assembly system using the Discrete Event Systems (DES) approach. The system encompasses three main stages: a cutting station, where a robot performs the cutting of parts; an assembly station, where the operator adds the battery, Arduino, and two line sensors to the cart; and a coding station, where another operator programs the microcontroller. The primary challenge in automation and modeling is ensuring the synchronization of these stages, eliminating bottlenecks in the production flow, and ensuring operational efficiency. The system inputs include the robot command at the cutting station, the manual input of components at the assembly station, and the code entered by the operator at the final station. The outputs include the states of the actuators responsible for cutting, assembling, and finalizing the cart. To model the assembly process, Petri Nets were used, allowing the analysis of the system's dynamic behavior, and Sequential Functional Programming (SFP) was employed to structure the control logic and ensure the synchronization of operations. The analysis of the assembly process model provides insights into the stages of the process, enabling the study of how the assembly process is modeled. The results obtained demonstrate that the application of DES methodologies enabled a detailed analysis of the assembly process and allowed the implementation of a reliable and efficient system. The project's impact includes optimizing the production process, reducing idle times, and improving the final product's quality. The development reinforces the use of DES in industrial applications, contributing to advances in automation and control.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Discrete Event Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri Nets
  topic: keywords
subject: automation
  topic: keywords
subject: cart assembly
  topic: keywords
subject: PFS
  topic: keywords
creator: Dayane Pereira de Souza
creator: Miguel Fernandes Viana dos Santos Oliveira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dayane Pereira de Souza, Miguel Fernandes Viana dos Santos Oliveira http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.232013

Modeling Airport Flow Using Discrete Event Systems
type: item
description: The performance of airport systems has become increasingly significant in a globalized world. Efficient management of aircraft flow at airports is of utmost importance, especially from a financial perspective, and thus requires that operations be carried out as swiftly as possible to maximize aircraft productivity. To achieve this, it is crucial to understand how these operations function. To this end, a simplified airport system was modeled, considering a single runway for takeoffs and landings, taxiways for arrivals and departures, a parking apron with a capacity for six aircraft, and ground services provided after aircraft parking. This modeling utilized the Production Flow Schema (PFS) approach and Petri nets, characterizing the system as a discrete event model. This approach also enabled the programming of a logical controller using Ladder Diagram (LD). The developed model proved to be robust and easily adaptable, allowing the study of specific airport cases to gain a detailed understanding of their operations, identify potential optimization points, and facilitate process automation.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Airport Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Production Flow Schema (PFS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri Nets
  topic: keywords
subject: Ladder Diagram (LD)
  topic: keywords
creator: Edilson Elias Barbosa Guedes Dias
creator: Flávio Silva Ferro
creator: Giovanni Cangiano
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Edilson Barbosa Guedes Dias, Giovanni Cangiano, Flávio Silva Ferro http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-29
publication date: 2024-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2024.231875

Modeling the production of MODE lenses for satellites as a Discrete Event System
type: item
description: With the aging population, the physical and emotional strain on caregivers of elderly individuals with low mobility has become an increasingly relevant issue in society. To address this challenge, this study developed a walker equipped with a mechanism for lifting patients from a seated position and a data acquisition system for monitoring walking conditions. Initially, theoretical analyses were conducted to determine the best strategies for lifting a person from a seated position, identifying the optimal placement of supports for the maneuver, the main safety risks to the patient, such as falls, and the most relevant data for walking monitoring. Based on this information and the project requirements, existing walker models with lifting mechanisms were studied, serving as a reference for the initial design. Modifications were implemented during the prototyping phase. The designed walker uses a lever operated by the caregiver's feet for the lifting mechanism. It also includes safety straps to prevent falls, arm and knee supports, lockable wheels, and a monitoring system that records data such as oxygenation, heart rate, balance disturbances, speed, and acceleration. A wooden prototype was built and tested, demonstrating that the equipment offers good ergonomics and usability. The tests revealed greater ease in lifting the patient, requiring less effort from the caregiver.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Walk monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical assistance device
  topic: keywords
subject: Sit-to-stand aid
  topic: keywords
creator: Fabio Baptista Cardoso
creator: João Luis Ritton Costa
creator: Lucas Panfilo Donaire
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Lucas Panfilo Donaire, João Ritton, Fabio Baptista http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-29
publication date: 2024-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2024.231755

Study on the Automation of Aircraft Ground Handling Processes
type: item
description: This study addresses the automation of aircraft ground handling processes, including taxiing, passenger boarding and disembarkation, refueling, and baggage transport. The main challenge is the development of a dynamic and efficient control system capable of coordinating these processes, minimizing operational failures, enhancing safety, and optimizing efficiency. The proposed system integrates multiple inputs and outputs, such as positioning sensors and resource status, in addition to actuators responsible for executing tasks like finger coupling and the activation of refueling and baggage handling vehicles. The system modeling employs Petri Nets (RdP), a methodology that allows for a precise representation of the system's states, transitions, and interlocks, ensuring a clear and robust analysis of its dynamic behavior. The model validation will be conducted through computational simulations using the PIPE 4.3 software, ensuring the absence of deadlocks and resource limitations within the modeled network. Subsequently, the model will be translated into Ladder Diagram (LD) programming language, following the IEC 61131-3 standard, for practical implementation in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). As a result, this study aims to achieve efficient automation of ground handling processes, reducing aircraft turnaround times at airports, optimizing operational efficiency, and improving safety. This project contributes to the modernization and sustainability of airport operations, providing a solid foundation for future applications in more complex systems.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Aircraft ground handling
  topic: keywords
subject: automation
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri Nets
  topic: keywords
subject: programmable logic controllers (PLCs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Ladder Diagram (LD)
  topic: keywords
subject: operational efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: safety improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: PIPE 4.3
  topic: keywords
subject: IEC 61131-3
  topic: keywords
subject: dynamic control systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Adevaldo dos Santos Pinto Junior
creator: João Nicolas Retti
creator: Luiz Henrique Piffer Marques
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 João Nicolas Retti, Luiz Henrique Piffer Marques, Adevaldo dos Santos Pinto Junior http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.231517

Automation of Container Unloading from Large Cargo Ships and Color-Based Positioning Segmentation
type: item
description: This work addresses, in the context of Discrete Event Systems, the development of a method for automation and control to tackle the issue of unloading large cargo ships and, additionally, the implementation of spatial segmentation of containers from different brands, a condition approximated by containers of different colors. The current unloading process heavily relies on human operators controlling the machinery that moves the containers. Human labor, in cases like this, poses a risk and vulnerability to the process, as workers are subject to fatigue, inattention, mistakes, and other conditions that can be very costly due to the large-scale loss of goods. Furthermore, automating the process is a means of increasing efficiency with significant potential to add value by saving time. These savings are reflected in the reduction of idle time for ships and in the decreased waiting time for other ships to dock. Returning to the issue of spatial segmentation, it is understood that an important part of the unloading process is the ability to allocate containers in an organized manner to facilitate the transportation of goods out of the port. In this way, major brands can access their goods more easily, making the integration of the distribution network with the port less costly. This work required the development of control for 39 signals, 30 of which were input signals. This was accomplished using the design methodology taught in the PMR 3305 course, whose steps include, in order: defining the physical architecture and structural model of the control system – its inputs and outputs (I/O); modeling the control behavior through PFS (Production Flow Schema) and RdP (Petri Nets) and defining interlocks; validating and simulating the model using PIPE 4.3; and applying isomorphism to program PLCs by converting the Petri Nets into Ladder Logic (LD). It is worth noting that the commissioning of the control system should mark the final stage of the project development, but the co…
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Automation
  topic: keywords
subject: Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Ships
  topic: keywords
subject: Unloading
  topic: keywords
subject: Container
  topic: keywords
creator: Mateus Matzkin Gurza
creator: Thiago Daquino Velasquez
creator: Thiago Rosa Carvalho
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mateus Matzkin Gurza, Thiago Daquino Velasquez, Thiago Rosa Carvalho http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 24
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2025.231503

Simulation of a liquid propellant rocket engine manufacturing assembly line utilizing the PFS/PN methodology
type: item
description: The system addressed in this paper pertains to an assembly line for liquid propellant rocket engines equipped with turbopump. The challenge involves automating the process of metal 3D printing for the turbopump and combustion chamber, followed by heat treatment for stress relief, X-ray computed tomography inspection, and the subsequent movement of components throughout the factory. To achieve this, the PFS/PN methodology was employed to facilitate a detailed analysis of the system, ensuring control over its inputs and outputs. The system was simulated using the ProModel Discrete Event Simulator, and the results were scrutinized, indicating the robustness of the simulation. Following the Ladder methodology, programming for Programmable Logic Controllers was also developed.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine
  topic: keywords
subject: Discrete Event System
  topic: keywords
subject: Metal Additive Manufacturing
  topic: keywords
subject: Industry 4.0
  topic: keywords
creator: Jhonatan Ribeiro dos Santos
creator: Eduardo Seiji Suguimoto Miyazato Ferrer
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Jhonatan Ribeiro dos Santos, Eduardo Seiji Suguimoto Miyazato Ferrer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-02-22
publication date: 2024-02-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2023.221035

Conceptual Study on the Automation of University Restaurants at USP
type: item
description: A conceptual study was conducted for the automation of the "Bandejões" at USP with the aim of reducing queues. The study was carried out using the Production Flow Scheme and Petri Net methodologies. This model, which comprises 13 inputs and 8 outputs, was verified using the reachability tree and translated into the Ladder programming language in accordance with the IEC 61131-3 standard.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: University Restaurants
  topic: keywords
subject: Automation
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri nets
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabriel Dias de Almeida
creator: Gabriel Morth Cursino
creator: Iago Baldim Mendes
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Iago Baldim Mendes, Gabriel Morth Cursino, Gabriel Dias de Almeida http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2023.220896

Editorial
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Constanza Maria Reis da Silva Mariano
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Constanza Maria Reis da Silva Mariano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2023.220751

The concept of discrete event system control applied to hydrogen tank manufacturing
type: item
description: Currently, the emission of greenhouse gases by humanity is a critical factor for global warming, creating the need to develop more sustainable technologies. In terms of transport, hydrogen-powered vehicles stand out, a project that emerged a few decades ago, but has not yet been fully implemented, mainly due to the need for specific tanks to store the gas in the vehicle. Therefore, this work seeks to describe and model the essential stages of the manufacturing process of a hydrogen tank, following as a reference those used in Toyota Mirai cars. Starting from the description through Petri Nets, the main characteristics and requirements of a hydrogen tank manufacturing plant were schematized and then converted to Ladder.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Automation of hydrogen tank manufacturing
  topic: keywords
subject: Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV)
  topic: keywords
subject: Discrete event system
  topic: keywords
creator: Sofia Lopes Suesdek Rocha
creator: Soitiro Oura
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Sofia Lopes Suesdek Rocha, Soitiro Oura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 22
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2023.220818

Model andcontrol of vehicle dynamics and monitoring of attitude and performance
type: item
description: This text begins with the statement of the problem and the objective of proposing a method of controlling and monitoring vehicles on rails in order to improve the safety of the railroad car against overturning. With that in mind, the vehicle was modeled using principles of Newton-Euler and Lagrangian mechanics, the model represents the lateral dynamics of the train. With the model in hand, the system is studied by observing its behavior in the time and frequency domains, making it possible to identify their respective natural frequencies and normal modes. To solve the monitoring problem, an application was developed with MIT App Inventor with the intention of taking advantage of the IMU chip present in all modern smartphones. The application manages to save the information in the device's memory and then export the gyroscope and accelerometer signals, with these signals it is possible to use a complementary filter to measure the roll angle with greater precision. Therefore, with the dynamic model and the monitoring system, an LQR control system is proposed with two electromagnetic actuators acting on the railroad car and bogie, laterally, in order to keep the car roll angle controlled, avoiding overturning of the train. The controlled system is then evaluated at steady state during a curve and the results are discussed.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimal Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Railroad Vehicles
  topic: keywords
creator: Matheus José Oliveira dos Santos Dias
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Matheus José Oliveira dos Santos Dias http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 21
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2023.220754

Automation project for the fast-food production process using a discrete event system
type: item
description: The proposed automation project aims to enhance production efficiency in a fast-food environment, specifically in the manufacturing of hamburgers, french fries, and chicken nuggets. Using the Discrete Event Systems (DES) methodology, the approach employs a physical architecture that incorporates detection, monitoring, control, and actuation devices, all connected to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The IEC 61131-3 standard guides the programming of PLCs, employing the Ladder Diagram (LD) language to translate Petri net models into the system's control logic. System behavior modeling is performed through the Production Flow Schema (PFS) methodology and Petri nets, providing a clear visual representation of subprocesses, including the production of each item and necessary interlocks. Control validation is conducted through simulations using PIPE 4.3 software, allowing adjustments before conversion to LD. Expected results encompass a substantial improvement in operational efficiency. Automation seeks to ensure product quality consistency, error reduction, and increased production capacity. By minimizing human intervention, the system also aims to optimize production, benefiting both the company and the customer experience. The project development follows a five step methodology, ranging from defining the physical bringing significant improvements in efficiency and production quality in a fast-food environment architecture to commissioning Inputs/Outputs in the real system. Petri Net transcription into programming language is accomplished through isomorphism, facilitating the practic al implementation of control. In summary, the integration of DES, PFS methodology, Petri net modeling, and programming according to the IEC 61131-3 standard offers a robust approach to the development of complex automation systems, bringing significant improvements in efficiency and production quality in a fast-food environment.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Automation
  topic: keywords
subject: automatization
  topic: keywords
subject: control system
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri net
  topic: keywords
subject: Fast-food
  topic: keywords
creator: Danilo Patah Dacca
creator: Pedro Bianco de Aquino
creator: Vítor Aun Kassab
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Danilo Patah Dacca, Pedro Bianco de Aquino, Vítor Aun Kassab http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 20
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2023.220128

E-cycle: recyclable selection system
type: item
description: The process of selecting recyclable materials involves identifying and classifying materials according to their characteristics and conveying them to their respective containers. To automate this process, a conveyor belt system was designed that, with the presence of sensors, directs the waste to its respective collector. The solution allows this material classification process present in fields focused on sustainability, such as recycling, to be optimized and also for the human work involved in this stage to be more inclusive. As labor is employed, it is a sys tem that is not completely independent. Considering the complete system with all interlocking subnetworks, there is a total of 22 inputs and 11 controlled outputs and the process will be modeled using the Production Flow Schema (PFS) methodology to obtain a Petri net (RdP), presented in the format of an interpreted network, associating input signals with transitions and outputs with places. The control model will be validated by verifying good RdP properties using software as a tool and the behavior of the network in terms of the states reached throughout a simulation. Ladder will be used to program the controller, with the process logic given by the vertical arrangement of rungs, obtained through the conversion of the Petri net by isomorphism. Finally, the behaviors observed in the Petri net and in the Ladder of this system were compared to assess its consistency, and the results were aligned with the expected ones.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Selective collect
  topic: keywords
subject: Recyclable
  topic: keywords
subject: Petri net
  topic: keywords
subject: Programmable Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Discrete Event Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Eduardo Milanez Araujo
creator: Miguel Oliveira Passos Figueiras Marques
creator: Vítor Viana de Paula
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Eduardo Araujo, Vítor Viana, Miguel Marques http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2023.220281

Editorial
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Gabriel Henrique de Morais Pires
creator: Julia Martins Frejat
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Gabriel Henrique de Morais Pires, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-05-30
publication date: 2022-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 1
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2022.198400

Project and implementation of a personal assistant for meeting scheduling
type: item
description: The process of scheduling a meeting relies on a negotiation between two or more actors and might be a tedious task, therefore resulting in unoptimezed results given the lack of commitment of the actors. To solve this problem, it was proposed an assistante based on an architecture with two main modules: Semanticizer, responsible for the natural language processing and the creation of an object that represents the semantic of the user utterance; Dialog Managers, responsible for dialog’s conduction, processing the Semanticizer output and generating outputs. This solution allowed half of the testers to accomplish their goals while using the assistant, with an average of three turns to collect all relevant data to the meeting. It also achieved 84% of accuracy to identify relevant entities and 53% of accuracy to identify relevant intents expressed by the users.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Natural Language
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-agent Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Text Processing
  topic: keywords
creator: Mateus Ramos Vendramini
creator: Ricardo Ciriaco Camargo Imagure
creator: Marcos Ribeiro Pereira Barretto
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ricardo Ciriaco Camargo Imagure, Mateus Ramos Vendramini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-05-30
publication date: 2022-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2022.165379

Research and development of the control system of a haptic interface for motor learning and control tests
type: item
description: In this work we analyze a haptic interface present in the Biomechatronic Laboratory under the structural and electronic aspects and examine the codes used in its operation. We then use this analysis to develop a new version of this device that could be used as a control learning platform and could be used for laboratory testing. Electrical and mechanical systems were modeled and control theory concepts were applied to the modeling of various systems capable of controlling the angular position of our interface. In the end, we compared these systems under various conditions to define the most suitable for our device. Finally, we designed a system to allow communication and data exchange between two interfaces for future testing.
subject: Textos Livres
  topic: section
subject: Haptic Paddle
  topic: keywords
subject: Control Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: State Observer
  topic: keywords
subject: Cascade Control
  topic: keywords
creator: Pedro Bueno Carvalhaes
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Pedro Bueno Carvalhaes http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-05-30
publication date: 2022-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 26
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2022.164291

Mecatrone, volume 4
type: item
description: Editorial do volume 4, número 1, 2019, da revista Mecatrone.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Maurício Moreira de Avelar Alchorne
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Maurício Moreira de Avelar Alchorne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2019-12-31
publication date: 2019-12-31
starting page: 2
ending page: 2
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2019.165443

Historical synthesis of the Advanced School of Mechatronics Engineering
type: item
description: This paper presents a historical synthesis of the Advanced School of Mechatronics Engineering (in Portuguese, ‘Escola Avançada de Engenharia Mecatrônica’), a project carried out by the PET - Automação e Sistemas, group from the Engineering School of the University of São Paulo (in Portuguese, ‘Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo’). To this end, the project is initially described, by relating its characteristics, in order to meet two main objectives: to reduce the dropout of newcomers in mechatronics engineering and to serve as a graduate laboratory, that is, as a space for testing new teaching-learning methods. Finally, a historical analysis of the incrementally implemented improvements, over the 13 years of the project's existence, to its current form is made.
subject: Textos Livres
  topic: section
subject: Engineering teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering education
  topic: keywords
subject: Evasion
  topic: keywords
subject: Giving up
  topic: keywords
subject: Problem-based learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabriel Moura Machado
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Gabriel Moura Machado http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2019-12-31
publication date: 2019-12-31
starting page: 4
ending page: 4
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2019.164861

A study of glider dynamics - underwater vehicle for oceanographic monitoring
type: item
description: This article aims to explore the construction of a computational model for the representation of the dynamics of an underwater glider, using the software OrcaFlex. Through the obtained results, it is discussed the model validity and its advantages and limitations as a tool for glider project development.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Glider
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Bruno de Barros Feitosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Bruno de Barros Feitosa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2019-12-31
publication date: 2019-12-31
starting page: 34
ending page: 34
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2019.158540

Procedure for experimental calculation of the center of gravity position of road vehicles
type: item
description: The center of gravity position of road vehicles is directly related to safety. It is a major factor at drivability and at suspension comfort (due to its influence in moment of inertia), and the limit in which the vehicle can drive around a curve without overturning is a function of only velocity, friction with the road and center of gravity height. The latter has the most influence at large size vehicles. A simple procedure to experimentally measure this position is explained in detail. This procedure is equally precise and possible of adaptations at vehicles with different geometries, in which it is hard to position load cells.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Center of gravity
  topic: keywords
subject: Turning radius
  topic: keywords
subject: Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Trucks
  topic: keywords
creator: Ciro Kandi Taniguchi Onuki
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Ciro Kandi Taniguchi Onuki http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2019-12-30
publication date: 2019-12-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 7
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2019.152960

Development of simulation software for projection-based augmented reality
type: item
description: Augmented reality is a buzzword. It has an incredible potential to be used every day and everywhere and to bring down all barriers between realities. There are numerous ways of mixing our reality with the virtual world of our computers. No one of them can yet do so in a perfect and reproductible way. There is interest in the use of video-mapping as a medium for augmenting reality. This type of technology uses real objects to be augmented, it doesn’t need direct interaction with an user. There is interest in the development of video-mapping structures for augmented reality. How can be created, in the best way possible, a projection system capable of illuminating an object that has a given size? Which projector to choose and what will be the dimensions of this projective system? These questions motivated the research to build a CAD system made for projection. This software was developed and tested in this project. It is presented here some of the discoveries, methods and algorithms used in the development.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Augmented reality
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: CAD
  topic: keywords
subject: Solidworks
  topic: keywords
subject: Video-mapping
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucas Meirelles do Prado
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Lucas Meirelles do Prado http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2019-12-18
publication date: 2019-12-18
starting page: 11
ending page: 11
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2019.155396

Benefits of using the frequency inverter in level control of water supply systems
type: item
description: This article aims the application of frequency inverter in industrial processes that work with many starts and stops of motor pump sets in water supply systems, which do not have fixed consumption demand and have their equipment sized to support the most critical cases. The study was carried out at the Elevated Station of the Bahia Water Supply Company, in the neighborhood of Garcia, in the city of Salvador (Brazil), where the system was implemented. The application aims to acquire energy savings, better utilization of the level of operation of the pool and less wastage of the equipment involved in the system. The result was satisfactory. Despite the need for some structural changes in the process, the energy savings were easily demonstrated in the first month of implementation of the new system, bringing a financial return in a less than expected time and great savings in the coming periods.
subject: Artigos
  topic: section
subject: Energy efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Frequency inverter
  topic: keywords
subject: Water reservoir
  topic: keywords
creator: Marcos Batista dos Santos
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Marcos Batista dos Santos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2019-12-18
publication date: 2019-12-18
starting page: 18
ending page: 18
doi: 10.11606/issn.2526-8260.mecatrone.2019.153318