Children and Adolescents with Depression: Perception of Family Caregivers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3312

Keywords:

depression, children, adolescents, caregivers, resilience (psychology)

Abstract

Depressive disorder affects people of all ages, including children and adolescents, compromising the family’s quality of life. This study aimed to: (1) analyze the perception of family members about the experience of living with and caring for children and adolescents with depressive disorder; (2) identify the resources mobilized by families to respond to the demands of child and adolescent depression. Data, collected by interviews with 26 family members of children/adolescents linked to two Care Centers, were subjected to thematic analysis. The results showed the perception of family caregivers regarding the depressive disorder, to the child and to family life, and suggest religiosity and the nuclear and extended families as resources they use the most. Therefore, there is a need for professionals to expand assistance to all those who live with children/adolescents with depression, since this disorder impacts family life.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Bodner, N., Kuppens, P., Allen, N. B., Sheeber, L. B., & Ceulemans, E. (2018). Affective family interactions and their associations with adolescent depression: A dynamic network approach. Development and Psychopathology, 30(4), 1459-1473. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001699

Chee, J. N., Wang, K., & Cheung, A. (2020). Depression in children and adolescents. In R. S. McIntyre (Ed.), Major depressive disorder (pp. 175-184). Elsevier.

Daltro, M. C. S. L., Moraes, J. C., & Marsiglia, R. G. (2018). Cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais: Mudanças na vida social, familiar e sexual [Caregivers of children and adolescents with mental disorders: Social, family, and sexual changes]. Saúde e Sociedade, 27(2), 544-555. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104- 12902018156194

Gudmundsen, G. R., Rhew, I. C., McCauley, E., Kim, J., & Vander Stoep, A. (2019). Emergence of depressive symptoms from kindergarten to sixth grade. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(3), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1410823

Johnco, C., & Rapee, R. M. (2018). Depression literacy and stigma influence how parents perceive and respond to adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 241, 599-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.062

Kalin, N. H. (2021). Anxiety, depression, and suicide in youth. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(4), 275-279. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.21020186

Kieling, C., Adewuya, A., Fisher, H. L., Karmacharya, R., Kohrt, B. A., Swartz, J. R., & Mondelli, V. (2019). Identifying depression early in adolescence. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 3(4), 211-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30059-8

Liu, T. L., Hsiao, R. C., Chou, W. J., & Yen, C. F. (2021). Self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Roles of bullying involvement, frustration intolerance, and hostility. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 7829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157829

Lippard, E. T. C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020). The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: Increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(1), 20-36. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010020

Matsuda, Y., McCabe, B. E., & Behar-Zusman, V. (2021). Mothering in the context of mental disorder: Effect of caregiving load on maternal health in a predominantly hispanic sample. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 27(5), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390320907693

Minayo, M. C. Z. (2013). O desafio do conhecimento: Pesquisa qualitativa em saúde [The knowledge challenge: Qualitative research in health] (13th ed.). Hucitec.

Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos. Secretaria Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente. (2021). Abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes – abordagem de casos concretos em uma perspectiva multidisciplinar e interinstitucional [Sexual abuse against children and adolescents – approaching concrete cases in a multidisciplinary and inter-institutional]. https://www.gov.br/mdh/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2021/maio/CartilhaMaioLaranja2021.pdf

Ministério da Saúde, & Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público. (2014). Atenção psicossocial a crianças e adolescentes no SUS: Tecendo redes para garantir direitos [Psychosocial care to children and adolescents in the Brazilian Health System (SUS/Brazil): Weaving networks to ensure rights]. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/atencao_psicossocial_criancas_adolescentes_sus.pdf

Nascimento, F. K., Reis, R. A., Saadeh, A., Demétrio, F., Rodrigues, I. L. A., Galera, S. A. F., & Santos, C. B. (2020). Brazilian transgender children and adolescents: Attributes associated with quality of life. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 28, e3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3504.3351

Nguyen, H. T. L., Nakamura, K., Seino, K., & Al-Sobaihi, S. (2019). Impact of parent–adolescent bonding on school bullying and mental health in Vietnamese cultural setting: Evidence from the global school-based health survey. BMC Psychology, 7(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0294-z

Russotti, J., Handley, E. D., Rogosch, F. A., Toth, S. L., & Cicchetti, D. (2020). The interactive effects of child maltreatment and adolescent pregnancy on late-adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(9), 1223-1237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00669-w

Souza, S. C., & Rodrigues, T. M. (2020). Depressão infantil: Considerações para professores da educação básica [Child depression: Considerations for basic education teachers]. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(6), 34326-34338. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n6-106

Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042

van Harmelen, A.-L., Gibson, J. L., St Clair, M. C., Owens, M., Brodbeck, J., Dunn, V., Lewis, G., Croudace, T., Jones, P. B., Kievit, R. A., & Goodyer, I. M. (2016). Friendships and family support reduce subsequent depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents. PloS One, 11(5), e0153715. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153715

Walsh, F. (2016). Strengthening family resilience (3rd ed.). Guilford.

World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610

Zhao, J., Xiang, Y., Zhang, W., Dong, X., Zhao, J., & Li, Q. (2021). Childhood maltreatment affects depression and anxiety: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 2021-2030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00297-x

Zhou, Q., Yin, Z., Wu, W., & Li, N. (2020). Childhood familial environment and adulthood depression: Evidence from a Chinese population-based study. International Health, 12(4), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz084

Downloads

Published

2024-05-06

Issue

Section

Psychology of Health

How to Cite

Pontes, E. R., Silva, M. R. S. da, Pai, S. D., Alfaro, E. B., & Santos, A. M. dos. (2024). Children and Adolescents with Depression: Perception of Family Caregivers. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 33, e3312. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3312