Paidéia is affiliated with the Graduate Program in Psychology at the Universidade de São Paulo at Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Issued since 1991, since 2018 adopts the rolling pass system. The journal Paidéia is research that addresses a problem clearly related to Psychology, specifically in the areas: Psychology of Health, Developmental Psychology, School and Educational Psychology, Social Psychology and Psychological Evaluation. Paidéia receives manuscripts based on different theoretical-methodological approaches acknowledged by Psychology. The authors are solely responsible for the papers published, whose opinions and judgments do not necessarily reflect the thoughts of the Editorial Board. Its abbreviated title is Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), which should be used in bibliographies and bibliographical references and strips.
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
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Relationship Between Career Adaptability and Job Crafting
Working conditions have undergone major changes that have created a different dynamic with respect to the career trajectories of individuals. The objective of this study was to analyze how personal characteristics (the four dimensions of career adaptability) explain job crafting (proactive actions on the part of the individual) and whether there is a specific aspect with greater impact in this relationship. Two hundred and ninety-nine employees participated by completing a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Career Adaptability Scale, and the Job Crafting Scale. Network analysis and regression revealed a strong relationship between worry, control, curiosity, trust, relational crafting, task crafting, and cognitive crafting. Although all relationships were positive, curiosity stood out as the factor that most influenced work crafting. The study contributes to the understanding of the intimate relationships between career adaptability and the three forms of job crafting.
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Profile Analysis of Strategic and Self-Regulated Learning of Future Teachers
Strategic and self-regulated learning involves taking control of one’s own learning. Strategic and self-regulatory skills can be promoted by teachers, mainly when they are also self-regulated. The aim of this study was to characterize the strategic and self-regulated learning profiles of future teachers. The study included 343 undergraduate students who completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory and the Self-Efficacy for Learning Form. The k-mean method was used to cluster the participants according to their scores on these measures. The results revealed three student profiles, with high, moderate and low levels of strategic and self-regulated learning and self-efficacy beliefs. Only a portion of future teachers showed high levels of strategic and self-regulated learning. The need for interventions targeted at increasing future teachers’ theoretical and practical knowledge on how to foster strategic and self-regulated learning in their students is highlighted.
Evaluation of Emotional Knowledge in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Children with autism spectrum disorder face challenges in recognizing and understanding emotions, which affects their social interactions. This study investigated how impairments in emotional knowledge influence the behavior of autistic children. The sample consisted of 36 children aged 8 to 13 years diagnosed with mild to moderate autism. Data were collected using the Emotion Matching Task, the Child Behavior Checklist, Raven’s Progressive Matrices, and sociodemographic questionnaires, applied during individual sessions lasting 40 to 50 minutes. Statistical analysis included Spearman’s correlation and the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had greater difficulty identifying emotional expressions and revealed an inverse correlation between emotional knowledge and social problems and aggressiveness. These findings suggest that interventions focused on enhancing emotional knowledge may improve social adaptation and reduce problematic behaviors in children with autism.
Experiences of Pregnant Women and Professionals in the Gestational Follow-up Program-Prenatal Care
The SUS pregnancy follow-up program is a crucial component of the humanization proposal. The aim of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to understand the experience lived by pregnant women and health professionals within this context, based on the Person-Centered Approach. Participants included 11 pregnant women and 12 professionals from different specialties. Six dialogical encounters were held with groups of professionals and pregnant women separately. The results revealed: (a) professionals’ difficulty with the embracement of emotional expressions from pregnant women, (b) good relationships between professionals act as a protective shield against daily challenges, (c) the mismatch between SUS guidelines and practical experiences affects both professionals and pregnant women, and (d) pregnant women do not feel psychologically supported during pregnancy. The presence of psychologists as members of SUS health teams is essential for matrix support, the promotion of embracement and empathetic listening to pregnant women, thereby consolidating humanization.
Family Coping After Death of Patients in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review
Emotional care has proven important in the face of experiences of loss through death, influencing the perception of grief and individual well-being. This study aimed to verify the coping resources adopted by family members after the death of patients under palliative care. The JBI SUMARI method for qualitative systematic reviews was used. Eleven of the 158 articles were retained, synthesized, and grouped by credibility, then classified into thematic categories after metasynthesis. It was concluded that family members face emotions such as regret, fear, and sadness, exacerbated by communication difficulties and uncontrolled physical symptoms. Preparation for death stands out as an effective coping method, highlighting the importance of clear communication and collaborative care planning with the team. Although Palliative Care is valued, early access remains limited.
Physical Activity and Substance Use Among University Students
The practice of physical activity is an important component in maintaining health and well-being. This study aimed to verify if there is an association between physical activity practice and substance use among university students. An analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 1,169 students (50.4% male; 63.3% aged 20-29 years; 92.8% single), from different courses at a public university located in the inland state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, and Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied. The results show a prevalence of binge drinking (47.2%). Marital status, age group, alcohol consumption, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine have a negative impact on levels of physical activity practice. In conclusion, university students engage in little physical activity, which may contribute to an increase in unhealthy behaviors, including alcohol and/or other substance consumption.
Employability of Older Workers: An International Scoping Review
Employability encompasses finding and keeping a job, considering individual, organizational, and governmental elements. When employability is associated with aging, ambivalent questions arise on the one hand, there is a shortage of labor; on the other, there are few jobs available for older workers. The aim of this study was to identify how the literature addresses the employability of older people and its respective predictors. Following PRISMA-ScR, 100 articles were identified in the database and 47 were selected for the review. The results indicated that the most studied predictors were age, health, professional development, and ties to work. This topic has been addressed at the individual and organizational levels, with a lack of analysis at the government level. There is a need for more research on the subject, especially in Latin American countries, which are poorly represented in the current literature.
Paidéia’s Contributions to Methodological Advancements in Psychology Research
Paidéia, maintaining its tradition as a pioneer in disseminating scientific knowledge on Psychology in Brazil, published in 2023 a thematic dossier entitled “Methodological Challenges in Psychology: Contributions to Practice and Academic Knowledge.” The initiative sought to stimulate reflection and discussions on the methodological challenges of knowledge production in Psychology. Its thematic choice is justified by the relevance of producing material that broadens the methodological knowledge of future generations of researchers. Brazil still produces few handbooks dedicated to guiding methodological decisions that contribute to the robustness of studies conducted in the various Psychology subfields. Paidéia’s high citation rate of methodological articles should also be considered, as this emphasizes the need to provide quality texts to fill the gaps in the process of training new researchers.
Theories in Social Psychology: Intra-individual Explanations in the Racism Analysis in Brazil
This article analyses four classic intra-individual theories in social psychology: Authoritarian Personality, Closed Mind Hypothesis, Social Dominance, and Aversive Racism. The article aims to answer three questions: (1) how classical and modern theories of psychology have explained racism over the years; (2) to what extent such theories have been used to understand racism/racial prejudice in Brazil; and (3) what are the possibilities and limitations of their use? The methodology consisted of describing the postulates of the theories, searching CAPES-Periódicos for their frequency and type of use, and analysing their potential to ‘fit’ or ‘not fit’ for understanding racism in Brazil. The results found suggest that they are rarely used, could be employed to analyse Brazilian racism, and can make important contributions to broadening the debate and understanding of the phenomenon, with the necessary contextual adjustments. These findings are discussed based on the social psychology of racism.
Psychometric Properties of the Parental Alienation Scale - EAP
Parental alienation is a phenomenon characterized by one parent engaging in behaviors that hinder and denigrate the other parent, thus affecting the child’s relationship with them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the reformulated Parental Alienation Scale (PAS). The sample included 432 families involved in litigation, with information collected through an evaluator-administered interview script. Following data collection, the evaluator completed both the parent and child versions of the PAS. The parent version assessed three constructs: contact difficulties, exclusion of the other parent, and parenting behaviors during the assessment. The child version focused on behaviors related to rejecting the target parent and forming an alliance with the alienating parent. Results identified five factors in the parent version and two in the child version. The PAS provided evidence of content validity and internal consistency, supporting its use in assessing parental alienation in litigation cases.
Child and Adolescent Psychological Distress Scale (EDISTRESS-IJ): Proposal for a Reduced Assessment Instrument
Distress is an important component that must be considered in students’ mental health. The general objective of this study was to propose the investigation of a model composed of items from different instruments that assess elements of distress and, from this, seek the structuring of a reduced model to evaluate the construct. The sample consisted of 515 students from the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th grades of Paraná (Brazil) public schools. The Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents - ESAN-IJ, the Baptista Depression Scale (youth version) - EBADEP-IJ, and the Children and Adolescents Emotional Distress Scale were used. The data indicated that the best fit was demonstrated by the Bifactor model, corroborating the theoretical structure of distress. The results are discussed taking into account both the clinical and psychoeducational implications of the diagnosis of this construct.
Contributions of a Reflective Practice Group of Male Perpetrators of Violence Against Women
In Brazil, reflective practice groups and groups for the liability of men who commit violence against women represent a public policy with good results in reducing violence between intimate partners. This study aimed to assess the contributions of a reflective practice group on feelings such as empathy, aggressiveness and anger in men who commit violent crimes against women. Using the Empathy Scale - ACME, the Aggression Tendency Assessment Scale - EATA, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 - STAXI 2 and a sociodemographic questionnaire, a quantitative study was carried out with 80 men divided into a reflective practice group and a control group. It was found that the members of the reflective group showed a decrease in mean aggressiveness and an increase in mean empathy compared with the control group. It is suggested that empathy, aggressiveness and anger be integrated into interventions using active methodologies.
Inventory of Supporting for Socio-Emotional Skills - Forced-Choice Version
Socioemotional skills are essential for students’ development at school. However, school support has barely generated debates. We aimed to analyze the evidence of the internal structure and convergent-discriminant validity of the scores of the forced-choice version of the Inventory of Supporting for Socio-Emotional Skills (ISSE). In total, 443 middle and high school students (54% of whom were girls) participated in this study. Results indicated that the revised instrument was consistent with its two-dimension theoretical model (support and demand); the forced-choice version showed an appropriate internal structure and no bias by acquiescence. Moreover, based on a multitrait-multimethod matrix, the scores of the Likert forced-choice version showed convergent and discriminant validity. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a multidimensional heteroevalutive instrument to assess support for socioemotional development in the forced-choice format, which reduces response bias.
Prevalence and Correlations Between ADHD and Burnout Dimensions in Brazilian University Students
This study aimed to verify the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Burnout Syndrome and the potential correlations between the dimensions of both conditions among Brazilian college students. A total of 751 students participated; 71.9% were women, aged 23 on average (SD = 3.46). The instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18), and the Maslach Burnout Scale for Students (MBI-SS). Regarding the sex variable, men scored lower for emotional exhaustion and higher for professional achievement. The inattention facet of ADHD was positively correlated with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimension and negatively correlated with professional achievement, suggesting a connection between the disorder and the syndrome. This study is expected to contribute to the development of preventive programs and intervention protocols especially designed to promote the mental health of students attending public and private educational institutions and experiencing academic burnout.
Relationships Between Self-Efficacy and High-Performance Sport: A Systematic Review
Self-efficacy is defined as people’s beliefs in their own abilities to achieve something. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on psychological variables associated with self-efficacy in sport. Searches were conducted in six electronic databases: LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Content analysis of 29 included articles allowed for the identification of three research groups: psychological variables (n = 31; 72.1%), performance variables (n = 7; 13.3%), and other variables (n = 5; 11, 6%). There was a predominance of cross-sectional quantitative studies (72.4%; n = 21). The most used instrument was the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), with 13 (44.8%) articles. In seven (24.1%) articles, specific questions were developed for the study. It is concluded that self-efficacy is a widely studied variable, but there is a lack of specific instruments in the Brazilian context of high-performance sports.
Study of Adaptation and Validity Evidence of the Reading Anxiety Scale (RAS-20) - Version for Parents and Guardians
Reading anxiety can hinder involvement and performance. This study aimed to present the adaptation and validity evidence of the Reading Anxiety Scale (RAS-20) for parents and guardians. A total of 240 parents and guardians with children aged from eight to 12 years ( M = 9.73; SD = 1.41) took part in the study. A sociodemographic and health conditions questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Reading Anxiety Scale (RAS) version for parents and guardians were applied. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated good adjustment rates for the three dimensions assessed by the scale (enjoyment, independence, and difficulty). Convergent validity evidence supported the hypothesis of anxiety as a specific phenomenon, different from general anxiety. The RAS-Version for parents and guardians showed adequate psychometric properties and can contribute to the development of interventions in the clinical, family, and school context.
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Scale of Attitudes towards External Assessments Applied on a Large Scale
The Scale of Attitudes towards External Assessments applied on a Large-Scale was developed to capture what basic education teachers think, feel, and how they behave in response to this type of assessment. Considering the potential of the instrument to support management decisions in the field of educational assessment policies, this article aimed to evaluate construct validity, via factor analysis, as well as scale reliability, via composite reliability of the scale, based on its application to a sample of teachers affiliated with the Education Department of Espírito Santo/Brazil. This is a quantitative, nonexperimental, instrumental study that involved 405 teachers from the public school network, whose results indicate adequate psychometric indices and a satisfactory factor structure consistent with the proposed three-dimensional attitude construct. The statistical coefficients found at the level of the analyses performed legitimize its use for the development of public policies and effective practices in the educational field.
Adaptation and Psychometric Evidence of the Work Volition Scale - Student Version to Brazil
The Psychology of Working Theory has achieved notable prominence in career studies for its focus on how various - both individual and contextual - influence careers and job outcomes. “Volition” stands out as one of the key elements of this theory, representing the individuals’ ability to make career choices despite obstacles. This study aimed to adapt and validate both internal and external structures of the Work Volition Scale - Student Version (WVS-SV) to Brazil. A total of 590 university students from public and private institutions of varied courses and semesters, mostly women (59%), took part in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale effectively measured two dimensions: volition and constraints. External evidence, including satisfaction with life and career, supported the theoretical aspects of this construct. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the scale to the Brazilian setting, contributing to a better understanding of career choices among university students.
Digital Sociability: Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Young Adults
Intense social network use and its psychosocial consequences, especially among young adults, have been addressed by the literature. This study aimed to understand the digital sociability of young adults during the period of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a qualitative study involving 19 young adults ( M age = 21.2 years, 9 men, 10 women). Data collection consisted of socio-economic questionnaires and four audio-recorded sessions of collective remote interviews based on a semi-structured guide. The data were processed using IraMuTeQ program using the Descending Hierarchical Classification tool. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: the use of social media platforms during the pandemic, the dynamics of relationships via social media, and the experience of existing on social media. The results suggest that young people live ambiguously with the sense of security provided by social networks while feeling anxious about the judgment of others regarding their posts.
Predictors of Work Engagement: Leadership, Job Crafting and Restoration
The job demands-resources model comprises the demands and resources that the job offers the employee. This study focuses on job demands and resources in the context of organizational change, in view of the employees’ work engagement in this context of change. Its objective was to test a model to see whether leader behavior, restoration and job crafting predict engagement, as well as to verify restoration mediation. A total of 251 employees took part. Change Leader Behavior Inventory, Job crafting, Restoration Experiences Scale, and Engagement - UWES instruments were used. Descriptive data analysis and structural equation modeling were performed. The results indicate a prediction between leader behavior and job crafting for work engagement and that restoration mediated the relationship between leader behavior and engagement. Thus, the research makes contributions to the issues involved, especially to work engagement in the context of organizational change.
Personal Resources, Emergency Remote Teaching, Burnout and Workaholism among Teachers
Although the changes in the organization of the work of teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic have been well documented, little is known about their impact over time. This study aimed to understand the relationship between remote emergency teaching, personal resources and consequent outcomes among teachers, assessed by psychometric scales of occupational self-efficacy, meaningful work, psychological flexibility, burnout and work addiction. There were 111 primary and secondary school teachers from the state of Rio de Janeiro who took part of this study. Using structural equations, it was identified that ERT acted as a risk factor for workaholism, while personal resources such as occupational self-efficacy, meaningful work and psychological flexibility proved to be protective against burnout. The results highlight the importance of policies to support teachers, aimed at promoting personal resources alongside other actions aimed at mitigating adverse effects in periods of crisis.
Adaptation of the Attitudes Towards Gay Male Pornography Scale for Brazil
Gay pornography is a subgenre of the pornographic industry and reflects the diversity of sexual experiences among men. This study aimed to adapt the Attitudes Towards Gay Male Pornography Scale to the Brazilian context. A total of 1,690 adult gay and bisexual men from all Brazilian regions answered the scale. The scores were submitted to unrestricted Exploratory Factor Analyses using the FACTOR software. An 18-item solution distributed across five factors was extracted with satisfactory fit indices and internal consistency. Validity based on external measures showed associations between problematic pornography use, consumption frequency, and attempts to control consumption. The conclusion is that researchers and healthcare professionals can use this instrument to obtain a comprehensive understanding of gay pornography consumption in the country.
Use of Hypothetical Situations as a Methodological Resource in a Social Representations Study
Gender-based violence is a multifaceted problem, recurrently addressed in different fields, and its approach is always challenging. The study aimed to characterize the use of hypothetical situation vignette as a methodological resource in the study of representations and social practices of gender and gender-based violence among professionals from Specialized Police Stations for Women’s Assistance (DEAMs). A total of 15 adults of different ages, genders, and roles, working at two DEAMs in different Brazilian states, who were presented with two hypothetical situations took part in the study. The data were submitted to IRaMuTeQ and analyzed in the light of the Social Representations Theory. Data suggested social representations of gender anchored in the traditional division of social roles and gender-based violence supported by ideas about gender oppression and legal norms. It is considered that the vignettes contributed to a broader understanding of these phenomena, capturing meanings, positions, and practices.
Identification and Attribution of Blame in Rape Situations by University Students
Although society criminalizes rape, many institutions reproduce stereotypes of this sexual assault. Rape can also occur in the university and in various ways that do not correspond to its stereotypes. The article aimed to evaluate how undergraduates identify situations of rape and how they attribute fault to the victim and the aggressor. 228 participants commented on fictional stories of rape that manipulated the variables: sexual assault with or without penetration; previous behavior of the victim; previous relationship between the characters; and presence or absence of physical strength in the rape. The results showed that these variables influence the identification of rape and that male students tend to blame victims more than female students. Understanding the multiple variables that affect identification and attribution of blame can lead to more effective sexual violence prevention and intervention strategies.
Beyond the Screens: Reflections of Remote Learning on Adolescents’ Mental Health
Remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic demanded adaptations from adolescents who showed a noticeable dependency on screens. However, little is known about their own experiences during this period. This study aimed to investigate how experiences with remote learning influenced daily lives and, consequently, adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative study that included 22 adolescents from public schools. A single online interview was conducted with each participant. Inductive content analysis revealed difficulties in organizing and planning daily activities, a tendency towards idleness, and anxiety. There was an increase in time spent on social media, affecting interpersonal relationships, academic performance, and motivation. The importance of the school environment in improving adolescent mental health is highlighted through partnerships with health institutions for early interventions. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of intense screen time in the post-pandemic period and its consequences on social experiences.
Advising Practices in Postgraduate Programs and Doctoral Students’ Satisfaction
Academic advising in Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Programs is associated with postgraduate student satisfaction. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the relationship between the variables found in the advising process and the levels of doctoral students’ satisfaction resulting from these practices. Postgraduate students from different educational institutions and areas of knowledge ( N = 372) completed remotely/asynchronously the Questionnaire on Good Practices for Academic Advising in Postgraduate Research. Data were analyzed using path analysis and the Kruskall-Wallis test. The results showed an association between some characteristics of the advising process (access to advising and level of demand from the advisor) and postgraduate students’ satisfaction (regarding the project, the advisor, growth opportunities, and relationships), intermediated the number of hours per month allocated to advising. The conclusion is that advising practices require further studies and discussions that can contribute to the quality of the advisor-student relationship, extending into the training of new researchers and professors.
Maternal Socialization Goals and Children’s Requested Behaviors
This study examined possible associations between variables related to maternal socialization goals and the manifestation of requested behaviors among children living in a Brazilian rural community, in order to answer the following question: Is there any correlation between maternal goals and the manifestation of requested behaviors in their children? A total of 39 mother-child dyads participated in the study and the children were aged between 18 and 30 months old. We applied a questionnaire on socialization goals/educational objectives and a form to record the obedience prosocial behavior task. The results indicated that the more mothers emphasize “learning to support others” and “learning to understand others’ feelings”, the more their children follow the maternal requests. A significant correlation is suggested between a child’s response in performing the task and the mothers’ socialization goals, highlighting the importance of parents and educators establishing a conducive environment for the exercise of prosociality in childhood.
lusters of Stressful Events and Mental Health in Aging Women
Specific stressful events in aging women impact their mental health. This study found the profiles of middle-aged and older women regarding the number of stressful events and their mental health and characterized the sociodemographic and health differences between the groups. In total, 545 middle-aged and older women answered an online form containing the Self-Reporting Questionnaire and the Stressful Events in Old Age inventory. Neighborhood based clustering and bivariate analyses were performed. Results showed (1) a cluster with a higher number of stressful events and worse mental health that consisted of middle-aged women under greater social vulnerability and (2) a cluster with a lower number of stressful events and better mental health that consisted of older white women with good economic and psychosocial conditions. These profiles show the scenarios most susceptible to stressors and mental health problems.
Educational Social Skills and Parental Mental Health in COVID-19: Relationships with Child Behavior in ASD
This study aimed to evaluate changes in the treatment of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 pandemic, assess and correlate educational social skills (ESS), the mental health of parents/caregivers, children’s social skills (SS) and behavioral problems (BP), and compare ESS between parents with and without mental health indicators. Reports from 69 participants were analyzed using the IHSE-parents, DASS-21 and SSRS version-parents instruments. Results indicated a decrease in consultation frequency. While ESS values were average, the children’s repertoire was deficient. There was a positive correlation between ESS and SS and internalizing BP, as well as between parental mental health and SS. A negative correlation was observed between parental mental health and BP. Parents with anxiety and depression displayed a worse ESS repertoire. These findings underscore the importance of parental mental health and ESS in supporting ASD development.