Composição da dieta de Caretta caretta (Testudines: Cheloniidae) no Golfo de Gabès, sul da Tunísia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v24i1p3-23Palavras-chave:
Hábitos alimentares, Mar Mediterrâneo, Tartarugas-cabeçudas, Tubos digestivosResumo
A investigação de aspectos biológicos fundamentais, como os hábitos alimentares de animais marinhos migratórios de longa distância, como as tartarugas marinhas, apresenta desafios significativos. Esses estudos são essenciais para identificar os locais de alimentação e as presas preferidas desses quelônios, fornecendo assim informações valiosas para embasar decisões de proteção do habitat. Analisamos o conteúdo do tubo digestivo de 132 espécimes de Caretta caretta encalhadas e/ou capturadas acidentalmente ao longo da costa do Golfo de Gabès, de 2004 a 2010. Os itens alimentares foram analisados usando o Índice de Importância Relativa (IRI), o Índice Alimentar de Geistdoerfer (Q) e o Índice Alimentar Principal (MFI) de Zander. Também categorizamos o lixo e calculamos sua frequência de ocorrência. A dieta da tartaruga-cabeçuda consistiu de 46 espécies de vários grupos zoológicos, refletindo sua distribuição flexível em zonas neríticas pelágicas e bentônicas. Observamos um padrão de alimentação comum para as espécies, com presas que habitam o fundo do mar, comuns em ambientes rasos. Moluscos, artrópodes e poríferos constituíram as principais presas, enquanto tunicados e peixes foram presas secundárias frequentes. Os equinodermos e as algas são presas secundárias acessórias e itens adicionais de segunda ordem, respectivamente. Moluscos e artrópodes foram ingeridos principalmente durante a primavera e o verão, enquanto tunicados e poríferos foram ingeridos durante os meses de outono e inverno. O tamanho da tartaruga não teve efeito sobre a diversidade da dieta ou a porcentagem de biomassa. Este estudo enfatiza o valor da análise da dieta para descobrir a ecologia alimentar e o uso do habitat das tartarugas-cabeçudas no Golfo de Gabès. Proteger e gerenciar essa região e garantir a presença de recursos tróficos pode ser crucial para manter as populações de tartarugas-cabeçudas e aumentar sua sobrevivência nas águas da Tunísia.Downloads
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