Primeiros Estudos - Revista de Ciências Sociais is an electronic publication of a scientific nature, with a continuous flow, organised by students in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo (FFLCH/USP). Its aim is to stimulate and bring undergraduates from all over the country closer to the daily production and publication of articles, reviews and translations on topics linked to the three major areas that make up the Social Sciences programme, namely: Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology.
Editora da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas - Universidade de São Paulo
Autorizo a Primeiros Estudos - Revista de Graduação em Ciências Sociais a publicar o trabalho (Artigo, Resenha ou Tradução) de minha autoria/responsabilidade, assim como me responsabilizo pelo uso das imagens, caso seja aceito para a publicação on-line. Concordo a presente declaração como expressão absoluta da verdade e me responsabilizo integralmente, em meu nome e de eventuais co-autores, pelo material apresentado e atesto o ineditismo do texto enviado. Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos: 1. Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. 2. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. 3. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
Fazeres Sociológicos com Entrevistas e Documentários: entrevista com Hermílio Santos
Copyright (c) 2025 Hermílio Santos, Glória Maria de Carvalho, Mel Dokter-Palomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work, digital platforms and the Brazilian context: a review of a painting
The review analyzes the book “O trabalho controlado por plataformas digitais no Brasil: dimensões, perfis e direitos”, published in 2022 and organized by Sidnei Machado and Alexandre Pilan Zanoni. It aims to expose and evaluate the interdisciplinary discussion produced about the phenomenon of platformization of work in Brazil, highlighting the procedures and results, as well as the importance of the research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcel Messias Cardoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Apresentação do dossiê "Uma Antropologia da Ciência do Zika: resultados, retornos e epistemologias"
[...] A epidemia do Vírus Zika aconteceu há uma década. Depois, perdeu fôlego, financiamento e atenção com a chegada da pandemia do Covid-19. Este dossiê é um convite para, em geral, continuarmos pautando as crises sanitárias pela perspectiva das Ciências Sociais e, em específico, seguirmos pesquisando aquelas que não foram debeladas, não contam com vacinas ainda, mas que marcaram as vidas e as trajetórias de milhares de pessoas no país.
Dossiê "Uma Antropologia da Ciência do Zika"
Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Teixeira de Queiroz Coutinho, Thais Valim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
9/11, the Burqa and agency: an essay on the relationship between eastern and western feminisms and imperialism
Through the analyzes of Abu-Lughod (2002), Beck (2021), Mahmood (2006), Sahlins (2007) and Zakaria (2021), this essay seeks to elucidate the similarities and differences between Western and Eastern feminism in terms of capitalist exploitation. Through a bibliographic review of the texts “Cosmologies of Capitalism: the transpacific sector of the world system”, “Do Muslim women really need salvation?” and “Feminist theory, agency and the liberatory subject: some reflection on Islamic revivalism in Egypt”, it is intended to revisit research carried out in the first two decades of the 21st century to expand reflections on intersectionality and gender oppression, especially after the attack on women. Twin Towers with the aim of highlighting the privileges of Western feminists in relation to Eastern women, even though both groups are tolerated by capitalism and imperialism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Júlia Valgas Freitas Galvão, Maria Alice Tonetti Carletti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Apresentação do I dossiê "Métodos em Ação"
É com satisfação que anunciamos o primeiro dossiê “Métodos em Ação”, que agrega estudos feitos no bojo da disciplina de Métodos e Técnicas de Pesquisa II entre os anos 2022 e 2023. O objetivo do dossiê é apresentar os resultados dos trabalhos a um público mais amplo, até então restrito a seus colegas, orientadores e ouvintes do seminário de Métodos em Ação, que, desde 2025, passou a ser organizado pelo Eixo Métodos do Laboratório de Pesquisa Social (LAPS), vinculado ao Departamento de Sociologia, da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo (FFLCH/USP).
Copyright (c) 2025 Guilherme Olímpio Fagundes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Family memories: a collective perspective of the processes of identity construction of the family seen from the Christmas festivities
The current autoethnographic work was developed in the perspective that family memories, individual and/or collective, play a role in the construction of the family's own history and traditions, especially during Christmas celebrations. In turn, traditions, stories, beliefs and experiences are a living organism of memory, which maintain it and strengthen the bonds of those who reproduce it. Therefore, through conversations with my own family, I seek to understand the construction of their identity and journey throughout the preparations for Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, observing how what was lived impacted each of their lives and the process of building collective memory, from the individual memory of some Family members.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrielle Madeira Ramos Guimarães https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sociology of Video Games: paths and labyrinths for analyzing digital games in the social sciences
This article discusses how the social sciences can assist in game studies, not only as appendices to research methodologies and techniques, but as an object of investigative interest for the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and political science. In this sense, the discussion seeks to promote dialogue between different methods, demonstrating the ways in which digital games are part of cultural practices, digitized aesthetics, discursive spaces, and analytical paths of contemporary digitality. Furthermore, the paths and labyrinths in research present us with research questions and interpretations about society that may contribute to future analyses of game studies as part of academic life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcus Repa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Black”, “white”, “human being”: A look to the racial self-declaration of scientists of Zika Virus through their personal and professional trajectories
This article aims to analyze the racial self-declaration of a group of scientists who worked on the Zika Virus. They were interviewed between 2018 and 2023 in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Through their racial self-declaration (or the avoidance of it), we sought to understand how these scientists perceived their social markers of difference (with a focus on race) as influencing their personal and professional trajectories. We identified three main approaches: 1) scientists who recognized racial markers as important in their trajectories, whether as Black, pardas, or white scientists; 2) scientists who, while not emphasizing racial markers, acknowledged the importance of other markers (such as class, gender, motherhood, and disability); and 3) scientists who demonstrated little to no awareness of social markers of difference in their trajectories.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gerciena Barbosa, Soraya Fleischer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dressed in veils, erased by discourses: the experiences of Muslim women in Brazilian schools
This article has as its goal to discuss how muslim women's clothing is perceived in Brazilian schools, aiming to understand the role of scholar education in reinforcing or transforming stereotypes related to Islam, focusing on popular imagery built among muslim women and their clothes. Coming through the paradigmatic French law on hijab (headscarf) banishment in public spaces, such as schools, this article intends to understand how this way of dressing is seen in Brazil, through the analysis of its actions and discourses. In conclusion, schools have both the potential of reproducing marginalization of this group, as well as of fighting against the stereotypes related to muslims in the West.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aline Tarouquella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Colonialism and development in the Amazon: from the heyday to the decline of the rubber cycle (1750-1946)
The rubber cycle was a historical period in Brazil that took place in the Amazon between the 19th and 20th centuries, categorized by the extraction of rubber from rubber plantations in a complex process in which multiple national and international actors were present. This essay seeks to reconstruct the historical period, based on primary and secondary sources, then analyzing it through the contributions of Arrighi and Furtado to the theories of development and dependence. It is argued that the Rubber Cycle portrays Brazil's insertion into the semi-periphery of the capitalist world, integrating itself into the international division of labor in an intermediary way, through intense exploitative processes in its production cycles that leave irreparable marks on the national memory, with the rubber soldiers as the main victims.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rodrigo da Silva Rocha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cisheteronormativity and an artist’s performance: A case study of Harry Styles
The objective of this essay is to discuss cisheteronormativity and how it presents itself through social media. For this purpose, examples of hate speech towards celebrities with nonconforming gender performances are used, with emphasis on the reactions of X users to Harry Styles and his clothing. The results show that famous conservatives as well as fans of the artist have shown discomfort towards his image shift from one that attended to cisheteronormative patterns, to one that broke them freely. For this analysis, the concept of cisheteronormativity as Goffman’s “total institutions” proposed by Eli Rosa was used.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leônidas da Matta Lima Pereira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diadorim is my light: autoethnography of my gender transition and what Literature has to do with it
This article seeks, through autoethnography, to reflect on the processes of subjectivation that construct my gender transition, such as, for example, the importance of the novel Grande sertão: veredas, by João Guimarães Rosa (2019). Thus, methodologically, I support my article based on the triad of guidelines proposed by Chang (2008): (1) methodological orientation - is based on analysis; (2) cultural orientation, which is based on interpretation; (3) content orientation, which relates the character of the autobiography to critical reflection. And also from two diaries that we kept during the transition period. Apart from this, I organize my gender transition process based on three key moments in the aforementioned novel: the crossing of the boy Riobaldo, the Faustian pact and Liso do Sussuarão. It is concluded that gender transition is a constant being-being, intertwined with countless factors and that each trans person has their own way of making their transgenderity exist.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diadorim Maria Rodrigues https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"Everything is very fragile": Research Participant Recruitment Practices During the Zika Virus Epidemic
Between 2015 and 2016, Brazil experienced a public health emergency due to the Zika virus and its consequences. Professionals from various scientific fields, especially the biomedical sciences, undertook investigations to understand the virus's origin and impact. Thus, recruitment emerged as a necessary condition for inviting individuals to participate in their research. This article aims to map the relationships and practices involved in recruiting research participants during the Zika virus epidemic in Recife/PE. It seeks to understand the invitation mechanism, persuasion tactics, and refusals, balancing ethics, care, and, above all, science.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jane Cecília Rodrigues, Mariana Petruceli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Significance of Statistics: on the Formation and the Disputes over Legitimate Political Science
This article aims to examine the institutionalization of quantitative methods in Brazilian political science, with special attention to the University of São Paulo (USP), by mobilizing the perspective of the sociology of intellectuals. It analyzes how these methods were appropriated as instruments of scientific legitimation in a field marked by methodological disputes and by the pursuit of distinction in relation to other intellectual traditions. This research combines documentary analysis and the investigation of faculty trajectories. The results show that the role of a pioneering generation of Brazilian political science, partly shaped under the influence of North American institutions, in the consolidation of statistics and mathematical modeling, as well as the work of political scientist Fernando Limongi in particular, were central to the dissemination of an ontological perspective that favors the adoption of an empiricist approach at USP. The article also describes the progressive expansion of methods courses offered by the Department of Political Science at USP from the 1990s onwards, with the predominance of quantitative methods and a strong presence of faculty with initial training in Economics. It concludes that the incorporation of statistics into Brazilian political science results from academic disputes and from the articulation of historical, institutional, and theoretical factors, functioning simultaneously as a research practice and as a mechanism of legitimation within the field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eric Rinaldi, Caio Alves, Tales Mançano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Between silence and report: the sub-notification of gender-based violence cases at the University of São Paulo
Our everyday lives as students at the University of São Paulo (USP) have revealed to us various forms of suffering within the university environment — especially gender-based violence. Because of this, we decided to formulate and answer the question: “How do the reports of gender-based violence against female students from the USP Butantã campus manifest?” In order to do it, we consulted the university’s official database, conducted questionnaires, carried out interviews, analyzed graffitis on bathrooms and posts on social media platforms. Grounded primarily in the writings of Almeida and Bourdieu, we investigated the formal and informal ways in which victims of gender-based violence report their experiences. Therefore, we concluded that the institutional neglect by the university fosters a network of informal and anonymous reports, created by the female students as a form of self-protection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Giovanna Correa Otsuka Marques, Giovanna Onias Grotti, Larissa Morelli Ramos, Nathália Nunes Carneiro, Renato Kelvin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The immigration of pasta: the arrival and integration of Italian immigrants and cuisine in Brazil
This article explores the arrival of Italian cuisine in Brazil with Italian immigrants, covering the history, popularization, social, cultural and economic importance of Italian cuisine for Italian immigrants, as well as their families and future generations. Examining the various contributions made by Italian immigrants and taking into account their legacy, understanding how Italian descendants replicated the flavors of the dish without ever visiting Italy. With the aim of understanding how the rescue and preservation of Italian culture occurred in cuisine.
The arrival and integration of Italian immigrants in Brazil through traditional cuisine
Copyright (c) 2025 Vitória Dioto de Brito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"The IMSN, this is my home": A Case Study of an Institution
In 2015, Brazil, especially the Northeast region, witnessed a significant increase in cases of microcephaly, which were later associated with the Zika virus (ZV) and incorporated into a new syndrome, called Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CVZ). This article is the result of an anthropological study that constructed its data from semi-structured interviews and field diaries and aims to discuss and analyze the mobilization of the Instituto de Medicina Social do Nordeste (IMSN), a reference in the care of high-risk pregnancies and congenital malformations in the region. To this end, the impact of the VZ epidemic on the institution and the adaptations made there to meet the growing demand were observed, with a focus on clinical and methodological practices. Categories such as funding, publications, results, questions and research methodologies were considered.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nathália Évelyn Silva Neres, Laura Teixeira de Queiroz Coutinho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Críticas epistemológicas e ontológicas na antropologia contemporânea
Neste trabalho, apresento as críticas de Marilyn Strathern (2009), Roy Wagner (2010), Marshall Sahlins (1990) e Bruno Latour (2021) acerca do fazer etnográfico tal como concebido e praticado pela antropologia tradicional do início do século XX, e mostro de que modo elas abriram caminho para a virada ontológica na antropologia. Em seguida, exponho brevemente alguns dos principais debates que decorrem das implicações epistemológicas, ontológicas e políticas dessas críticas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thiago Rocha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Soberania e representação: uma comparação entre Sieyès e Robespierre
This essay aims to explore the convergences and divergences between the speeches given by Maximilien Robespierre between 1792 and 1794 and the pamphlet Qu'est-ce que le Tiers État? by the Abbé Sieyès. Our focus will be on the use of the language of the will to discuss issues related to representation and sovereignty. Although the texts do not deal with the same immediate contexts, the common political language and the similar issues faced by the authors are fundamental in the revolutionary period and allow us to make this comparison. In the writings of both, we see a constant preoccupation with the question of representation, which would be, according to Sieyès, the central object of the French Revolution. The Abbé's pamphlet was instigated by the convening of the States General and the discussion about how each state would be represented in the assembly, which already makes representation a fundamental theme of the text. In the speeches, we see that Robespierre mobilizes the general will in order to condemn the actions of opponents who were not acting according to it, but according to their particular wills, which would be a problem that could arise from political representation. In both, the general will appears as something that would be above political life, limiting the powers that be and being able to be the ultimate arbiter of their actions. This question appears in an interesting way in Sieyès, who explicitly places it as the foundation of political life. It is also linked to his concept of Constituent Power. In Robespierre’s analyzed texts, the author discusses how it can act in relation to constituted powers, rather than its role in founding them.
representação, soberania, Robespierre, Sieyès
Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Farah Feitoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hybrid and globalized watercolors: An anthropological study of K-pop in Brazil
In a scenario of expansion of the South Korean cultural industry in Brazil, this work aims to describe, under an anthropological perspective, the experience of K-pop fans in the country, from the notions of globalization and cultural hybridism. To this end, it is based on the theoretical contributions of Néstor García Canclini, Stuart Hall and Peter Burke for the studies of globalization and cultural hybridism, in addition to considering works by Fuhr (2015), Yoon (2017), Milani (2022) and others that deal specifically with K-pop. Methodologically, it is a qualitative descriptive research, involving as data collection methods a series of individual interviews with Brazilian K-pop fans and an interview with a professional working in the organization of K-pop events in Brazil. From the proposed methods and analysis of the data collected, it is hoped to delineate descriptions and foster discussions relevant to the understanding of the social and cultural impact of K-pop in Brazil.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yan Victor Silva Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Swimming Against the "Wave Science": An Analysis of Therapists' Actions During the Zika Virus Epidemic
The Zika Virus epidemic in Brazil, from 2015 to 2017, led therapists to reorganize their practices, focusing on the rehabilitation of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). A predominantly female group of physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists faced ethical and scientific challenges when dealing with this vulnerable population. Based on interviews and participant observation, the study analyzes interactions with children and caregivers, as well as the social and political implications involved. The term "wave science," used by the interviewees, critiques approaches that prioritize quick publications. In contrast, they propose ethical practices, focused on the well-being of the families affected. In contrast, they propose ethical practices, focused on the well-being of the families affected.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vitória Marinho, Soraya Fleischer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
What moves with me? A study of unequal university experiences under the optics of urban mobility
This article revisits a research project executed during the graduation of Social Sciences, that answers this question: “How can different experiences of mobility to the University of São Paulo reveal social inequalities?”. The aim of the research was to analyze how the trajectories of students from Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas of Universidade de São Paulo (FFLCH - USP) reflect social inequalities, based on the sociological conception of Mobilities Turn and Mobile Methods. The research also included an adaptation of Paola Jirón’s ethnographic method, the shadowing. In this article, we aim to discuss the methods, results, limitations, and contributions of the research executed as part of our development as social scientists. Furthermore, we show how mobilities, as an analytical approach, can shed light on social inequalities in universities, especially the shadowing method.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Yuki Kurimoto Trigilio, Clara Cerione Canellato, Milena Miwa Oda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sharing Processes in Collective Anthropological Research: A Reflection on GESF
The Zika Virus epidemic, which began in Brazil in 2015, boosted scientific production in the health field and mobilized several researchers, including social scientists, who played a significant role, particularly in anthropological studies. This article analyzed a Social Sciences research group from a university in the Northeast, the Health and Family Studies and Research Group (GESF), which contributed to knowledge production about the epidemic. The group used interviews conducted by anthropologists from the university, along with bibliographic concepts, to understand the dynamics of data sharing collected through interviews, field diaries, collaborative writing, and feedback with subjects and interlocutors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luísa Lindoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Popular culture, social class and identity through várzea soccer: a sociological reading of daily life at Jardim Verônia Esporte Clube in Ermelino Matarazzo
The social object addressed was “várzea” soccer, in which we sought to understand the shared symbolisms and mobilizations, not only in the sporting aspect itself, but also in the political and social spheres, making it important to discuss social interactions, the creation of bonds and relationships within the social system. We consider how it can influence the formation of identity and contribute to the socio-economic and cultural transformation of individuals and communities. The research techniques applied were document analysis and participant observation, and the analysis was centered on the Jardim Verônia Esporte Clube team, located in the Jardim Verônia district of Ermelino Matarazzo in the city of São Paulo. We found that “várzea” soccer mobilizes individuals around a common goal and acts as a strengthener of social relations, as it is also a factor of recognition and even a form of social ascension.
Copyright (c) 2025 Millena Yohanna Pereira, Verônica Thereza Gonçalves, Yasmin Pacheco de Magalhães https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Zika Science in Action: notes on Scientific Production in Times of Urgency in Recife/PE.
In 2015, Brazil faced a new pathogen: the Zika virus. Transmitted by a well-known vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the Zika virus brought severe reproductive consequences to the tropics, culminating in the birth of children with multiple disabilities. This epidemic became a public health emergency, mobilizing healthcare professionals, health authorities, and the media. Among these actors were also scientists, who conducted extensive research between 2015 and 2018 to understand the unknown phenomenon. This article focuses on these scientists and it aims at two main questions: a) How did the Zika epidemic influence scientific production and its practices? b) Were there lasting impacts on science resulting from this epidemic? To explore these questions, we analyze interviews with 78 scientists involved in the Zika response and surveys. The interviews were conducted between 2020 and 2021 in the capital of Pernambuco and it's part of a collective research project financed by FAP/DF.
Copyright (c) 2025 Giovanna Dias, Thais Valim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Right-Wing at the University of São Paulo: an Analysis of the Student Community
This article, developed as the final project for the course “Methods and Research Techniques,” aimed to describe and analyze the profile of right-wing students at the University of São Paulo, more specifically those from the School of Economics, Business and Accounting (FEA) and the Polytechnic School (POLI). The research problem consisted in identifying patterns in their social and ideological characteristics, as well as their alignment with strands of right-wing political thought. Based on the theoretical framework provided by Silva (2014) and Sousa (2022) regarding the right, and Adorno’s (2019 [1950]) conception of ideology, the findings — gathered through questionnaires and the analysis of social media profiles — revealed that these students are predominantly liberal and display common social and political traits, in addition to expressing discourse consistent with their ideological positions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bento Montenegro Monteiro, Bruno Assumpção Olivieri, Guilherme Marques Santos Silva, João Victor Berto da Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Future Perspectives for Youth: a diagnosis
This research project analyzes the future prospects of Brazilian youth in the context of socioeconomic crisis and precarious employment. Focusing on high school graduates from Etec Cepam and Colégio Ítaca, the study explores how socioeconomic variables influence their life choices. Drawing on questionnaires and interviews, and grounded in Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital, the findings reveal that many young people hold a pessimistic outlook on the future, characterized by uncertainty and low motivation. Access to higher education is perceived more as a duty than a personal aspiration, reflecting a pragmatic stance shaped by the awareness of persistent social barriers.
Yasmim Ramos de Souza Silva Costa Carvalho
Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Ann Roizman, Rayén Isabella Cabrera de Souza, Sofia Vieira Corrêa, Yasmim Ramos de Souza Silva Costa Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0