Un marco conceptual para analizar desde una perspectiva situada la práctica bioantropológica en América Latina: el caso de la investigación con ADN antiguo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/1678-9857.ra.223981Palavras-chave:
Antropologías del mundo, Antropologías del sur, Asimetrías, Arqueogenómica, Antropología biológicaResumo
En este trabajo abordo los estudios de ADN antiguo que caracterizo como una actividad científico-académica y que forma parte de lo que se conoce como el sistema mundo de la antropología. Estas investigaciones se insertan en un ambiente asimétrico en términos de financiamiento, infraestructura y desarrollos tecnológicos. En dicho contexto recupero las nociones de antropologías del mundo, antropologías periféricas y antropologías del sur como herramientas metodológicas y epistemológicas para analizar la relación entre la antropología biológica con otras disciplinas hermanas y con otras ciencias adyacentes, como la paleogenómica o arqueogenética. Posteriormente, defino un conjunto de categorías analíticas que forman la base de un marco conceptual para analizar de manera crítica las relaciones de poder que se establecen en los estudios con restos humanos antiguos y que se enfocan en la extracción de ADN antiguo. Estas interacciones generan tensiones y relaciones desbalanceadas que deben minimizarse para avanzar en la búsqueda de una práctica antropológica más horizontal en el terreno de las investigaciones transdisciplinarias y trasnacionales.
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