Ugandan hotel employeeinnovativeness: the roleof transformational leadershipand cultural intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/0.1108/inmr-12-2022-0164Palabras clave:
Transformational leadership, Cultural intelligence, Employee innovativeness, Hotel, UgandaResumen
PurposeThis study aims to determine the indirect influence of transformational leadership on cultural intelligence and employee innovativeness in the context of Ugandan hotel employees.
Design/methodology/approachWe employed a cross-sectional correlational design to collect and analyze data from 285 hotel employees. We tested for the mediation effect of cultural intelligence in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee innovativeness using Hayes’ PROCESS macro version 4.2 model 4.
FindingsThe findings indicate a positive relationship between transformational leadership, cultural intelligence and employee innovativeness. Results further indicate that cultural intelligence partially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and employee innovativeness.
Research limitations/implicationsEmpirically, we add to the existing findings that have established a positive relationship between cultural intelligence, transformational leadership and employee outcomes. More insightfully, results provide evidence of the indirect role of transformational leadership in this relationship. Practically, since hospitality is a multicultural setting, employees with high cultural intelligence adjust quickly as they interact with guests from different cultures.
Originality/valueThe study established the mechanisms under which transformational leadership influences the relationship between cultural intelligence and employee innovativeness.
Descargas
Referencias
Afsar, B., & Masood, M. (2018). Transformational leadership, creative self-efficacy, trust in supervisor, uncertainty avoidance, and innovative work behavior of nurses. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(1), 36–61. doi: 10.1177/0021886317711891.
Afsar, B., Shahjehan, A., Shah, S. I., & Wajid, A. (2019). The mediating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between cultural intelligence and employee voice behavior: A case of hotel employees. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 69, 66–75. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.01.001.
Afsar, B., Al-Ghazali, B. M., Cheema, S., & Javed, F. (2020). Cultural intelligence and innovative work behavior: The role of work engagement and interpersonal trust. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(4), 1082–1109. doi: 10.1108/EJIM-01-2020-0008.
Akkan, E., Canhilal, S. K., & Orhan, M. A. (2023). Fostering assigned expatriates’ innovativeness via culturally intelligent supervisors: A resource gain perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(11), 2173–2201. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2064718.
Al-edenat, M. (2018). Reinforcing innovation through transformational leadership: Mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(4), 810–838. doi: 10.1108/JOCM-05-2017-0181.
Aldhaheri, A. (2017). Cultural intelligence and leadership style in the education sector. International Journal of Educational Management, 31(6), 718–735. doi: 10.1108/IJEM-05-2016-0093.
Ali, I., Ali, M., Leal-Rodríguez, A. L., & Albort-Morant, G. (2019). The role of knowledge spillovers and cultural intelligence in enhancing expatriate employees’ individual and team creativity. Journal of Business Research, 101, 561–573. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.012.
Almazrouei, H., & Zacca, R. (2021). Cultural intelligence as a predictor of expatriate managers turnover intention and creative self-efficacy. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(1), 59–77. doi: 10.1108/IJOA-10-2019-1904.
Ang, S., Ng, K. Y., & Rockstuhl, T. (2019). Cultural intelligence. In The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (pp. 820–845). Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108770422.035.
Avolio, B., Bass, B. M., Jung, D. I. (1999), Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72 (4), 441, 462. doi: 10.1348/096317999166789.
Azevedo, A., & Shane, M. J. (2019). A new training program in developing cultural intelligence can also improve innovative work behavior and resilience: A longitudinal pilot study of graduate students and professional employees. International Journal of Management in Education, 17(3), 100303. doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2019.05.004.
Bak, H. U., Jin, M. H., & McDonald, B. D. (2022). Unpacking the transformational leadership-innovative work behavior relationship: The mediating role of psychological capital. Public Performance and Management Review, 45(1), 80–105. doi: 10.1080/15309576.2021.1939737.
Bani-Melhem, S., Zeffane, R., & Albaity, M. (2018). Determinants of employees’ innovative behavior. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1601–1620. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-02-2017-0079.
Bibi, S., Khan, A., Hayat, H., Panniello, U., Alam, M., & Farid, T. (2022). Do hotel employees really care for corporate social responsibility (CSR): A happiness approach to employee innovativeness. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(4), 541–558. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2021.1889482.
Bogilović, S., Černe, M., & Škerlavaj, M. (n.d.). Cultural intelligence, knowledge hiding, creativity 2 hiding behind a mask? Cultural intelligence, knowledge hiding, individual and team creativity.
Boukamcha, F. (2019). The effect of transformational leadership on corporate entrepreneurship in Tunisian SMEs. The Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(3), 286–304. doi: 10.1108/lodj-07-2018-0262.
Cai, W., Khapova, S., Bossink, B., Lysova, E., & Yuan, J. (2020). Optimizing employee creativity in the digital era: Uncovering the interactional effects of abilities, motivations, and opportunities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(Issue 3), 1038. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17031038.
Chen, A. S. yih, Bian, M.dau, Nguyen, T. K., & Chang, C. H. (2022). From curiosity to innovativeness: The mediating mechanisms of cultural intelligence and knowledge sharing behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management, 27(2), 673–691. doi: 10.1108/EJIM-01-2022-0055.
Cheung, M. F. Y., & Wong, C. S. (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity. The Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(7), 656–672. doi: 10.1108/01437731111169988.
Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Ullah, S. M. E., & Kang, S. W. (2016). How transformational leadership facilitates innovative behavior of Korean workers: Examining mediating and moderating processes. Personnel Review, 45(3), 459–479. doi: 10.1108/PR-03-2014-0058.
Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory (pp. 61-88). Springer Netherlands.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. doi: 10.1177/0149206305279602.
Darvishmotevali, M., Altinay, L., & De Vita, G. (2018). Emotional intelligence and creative performance: Looking through the lens of environmental uncertainty and cultural intelligence. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 44–54. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.014.
Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., & Shokef, E. (2013). Going global: Developing management students’cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams. The Academy of Management Learning and Education, 12(3), 330–355. doi: 10.5465/amle.2012.0200.
Ghafoor, A., Qureshi, T. M., Azeemi, H. R., & Hijazi, S. T. (2011). Mediating role of creative self-efficacy. African Journal of Business Management, 5(27), 11093. doi: 10.5897/ajbm11.876.
Gölgeci, I., Swiatowiec-Szczepanska, J., & Raczkowski, K. (2017). How does cultural intelligence influence the relationships between potential and realised absorptive capacity and innovativeness? Evidence from Poland. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 29(8), 857–871. doi: 10.1080/09537325.2016.1245858.
Grošelj, M., Černe, M., Penger, S., & Grah, B. (2020). Authentic and transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour: The moderating role of psychological empowerment. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 677–706. doi: 10.1108/EJIM-10-2019-0294.
Guang, X., & Charoensukmongkol, P. (2022). The effects of cultural intelligence on leadership performance among Chinese expatriates working in Thailand. Asian Business & Management, 21(1), 106–128. doi: 10.1057/s41291-020-00112-4.
Hassan, M., Malik, A. A., Hasnain, A., Faiz, M. F., & Abbas, J. (2013). Measuring employee creativity and its impact on organization innovation capability and performance in the banking sector of Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(7), 949–959. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.24.07.13253.
Hirst, G., van Dick, R., & van Knippenberg, D. (2009). A social identity perspective on leadership and employee creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 963–982. doi: 10.1002/job.600.
Hong, J. Y., Ko, H., Mesicek, L., & Song, M. B. (2021). Cultural intelligence as education contents: Exploring the pedagogical aspects of effective functioning in higher education. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 33(2). doi: 10.1002/cpe.5489.
Hu, S., Liu, H., & Huang, Q. (2017). The moderating role of social media usage in the relationship among multicultural experiences, cultural intelligence, and individual creativity. Information Technology and People, 30(2), 265–281. doi: 10.1108/ITP-04-2016-0099.
Jain, P. (2022). Cultural intelligence and innovative work behavior: Examining multiple mediation paths in the healthcare sector in India. Industrial & Commercial Training, 54(4), 647–665. doi: 10.1108/ICT-08-2021-0061.
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership, innovation climate, creative self-efficacy and employee creativity: A multilevel study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 30–41. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.002.
Jin, N. P., Line, N. D., & Merkebu, J. (2016). Examining the impact of consumer innovativeness and innovative restaurant image in upscale restaurants. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 57(3), 268–281. doi: 10.1177/1938965515619229.
Jyoti, J., & Dev, M. (2015). The impact of transformational leadership on employee creativity: The role of learning orientation. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 9(1), 78–98. doi: 10.1108/JABS-03-2014-0022.
Keung, E. K., & Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. J. (2013). The relationship between transformational leadership and cultural intelligence: A study of international school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(6), 836–854. doi: 10.1108/JEA-04-2012-0049.
Khan, N. U., Bhatti, M. N., Obaid, A., Sami, A., & Ullah, A. (2020). Do green human resource management practices contribute to sustainable performance in manufacturing industry?. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 19(Issue 4), 412. doi: 10.1504/ijesd.2020.110647.
Kleysen, R. F., & Street, C. T. (2001). Toward a multi-dimensional measure of individual innovative behavior. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), 284–296. doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000005660.
Korzilius, H., Bücker, J. J. L. E., & Beerlage, S. (2017). Multiculturalism and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of cultural intelligence. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 56, 13–24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.11.001.
Kucharska, W., & Rebelo, T. (2022). Transformational leadership for researchers’ innovativeness in the context of tacit knowledge and change adaptability. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1–22. doi: 10.1080/13603124.2022.2068189.
Li, C., Zhao, H., & Begley, T. M. (2015). Transformational leadership dimensions and employee creativity in China: A cross-level analysis. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1149–1156. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.009.
Lorenz, M. P., Ramsey, J. R., & Richey, R. G. (2018). Expatriates’ international opportunity recognition and innovativeness: The role of metacognitive and cognitive cultural intelligence. Journal of World Business, 53(2), 222–236. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2017.11.004.
Marques, C. S., Lopes, C., Braga, V., Ratten, V., & Santos, G. (2022). Intuition and rationality in intrapreneurship and innovation outputs: The case of health professionals in primary health care. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 18(2), 579–602. doi: 10.1007/s11365-021-00761-7.
Masrek, M. N., Yuwinanto, H. P., Atmi, R. T., Soesantari, T., & Mutia, F. (2021). Cultural intelligence and job performance of academic librarians in Indonesia. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(5), 102394. doi: 10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102394.
Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee creativity: Mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge sharing. Management Decision, 53(5), 894–910. doi: 10.1108/MD-07-2014-0464.
Nabi, M. N., Zhiqiang, L., & Akter, M. (2023). Transformational leadership and radical innovation for sustainability: Mediating role of knowledge management capability and moderating role of competitive intensity. Innovation and Management Review, 20(3), 298–310. doi: 10.1108/INMR-05-2021-0075.
Nandan, M., London, M., & Bent-Goodley, T. (2015). Social workers as social change agents: Social innovation, social intrapreneurship, and social entrepreneurship. Human Service Organizations Management, Leadership and Governance, 39(1), 38–56. doi: 10.1080/23303131.2014.955236.
Otengei, S. O., & Ahebwa, W. M. (2021). Innovative capacity and sustainable food tourist influx to African-ethnic restaurants: The dynamic capabilities perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(2), 131–143. doi: 10.1177/1467358420966028.
Otengei, S. O., & Changha, G. (2023). Resident loyalty formation for the survival of African-ethnic restaurants during COVID-19: The adaptive capabilities logic. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(1), 52–69. doi: 10.1108/JHTI-07-2021-0159.
Presbitero, A. (2020). Foreign language skill, anxiety, cultural intelligence and individual task performance in global virtual teams: A cognitive perspective. Journal of International Management, 26(2), 100729. doi: 10.1016/j.intman.2019.100729.
Ramadani, V., Hisrich, R. D., Abazi-Alili, H., Dana, L. P., Panthi, L., & Abazi-Bexheti, L. (2019). Product innovation and firm performance in transition economies: A multi-stage estimation approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 140, 271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.12.010.
Ratasuk, A., & Charoensukmongkol, P. (2020). Does cultural intelligence promote cross-cultural teams’ knowledge sharing and innovation in the restaurant business?. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 12(2), 183–203. doi: 10.1108/APJBA-05-2019-0109.
Richter, N. F., Martin, J., Hansen, S. V., Taras, V., & Alon, I. (2021). Motivational configurations of cultural intelligence, social integration, and performance in global virtual teams. Journal of Business Research, 129, 351–367. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.012.
Rivera, M. J. (2017). Leveraging innovation & intrapreneurship as a source for organizational growth. International Journal of Innovation Science, 9(2), 137–152. doi: 10.1108/IJIS-12-2016-0057.
Seshadri, D. V. R., & Tripathy, A. (n.d.). Innovation through intrapreneurship: The road less travelled. Available from: www.apple.com
Sharif, S., Tongkachok, K., Akbar, M., Iqbal, K., & Lodhi, R. N. (2024). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior in three-star hotels: Mediating role of leader-member exchange, knowledge sharing and voice behavior. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 54(1), 1–21. doi: 10.1108/VJIKMS-07-2021-0122.
Soomro, B. A., & Shah, N. (2022). Robustness of the transformational leadership towards corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(2). doi: 10.1002/pa.2509.
Tajasom, A., Hung, D. K. M., Nikbin, D., & Hyun, S. S. (2015). The role of transformational leadership in innovation performance of Malaysian SMEs. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 23(2), 172–188. doi: 10.1080/19761597.2015.1074513.
Vasilaki, A., Tarba, S., Ahammad, M. F., & Glaister, A. J. (2016). The moderating role of transformational leadership on HR practices in M&A integration. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(20), 2488–2504. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1204556.
Velarde, J. M., Ghani, M. F., Adams, D., & Cheah, J. H. (2022). Towards a healthy school climate: The mediating effect of transformational leadership on cultural intelligence and organisational health. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(1), 163–184. doi: 10.1177/1741143220937311.
Vlajčić, D., Caputo, A., Marzi, G., & Dabić, M. (2019). Expatriates managers’ cultural intelligence as promoter of knowledge transfer in multinational companies. Journal of Business Research, 94, 367–377. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.033.
Wang, C. J., Tsai, H. T., & Tsai, M. T. (2014). Linking transformational leadership and employee creativity in the hospitality industry: The influences of creative role identity, creative self-efficacy, and job complexity. Tourism Management, 40, 79–89. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.05.008.
Westwood, R., & Low, D. R. (2003). The multicultural muse: Culture, creativity and innovation. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 3(2), 235–259. doi: 10.1177/14705958030032006.
Yunlu, D. G., Clapp-Smith, R., & Shaffer, M. (2017). Understanding the role of cultural intelligence in individual creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 29(3), 236–243. doi: 10.1080/10400419.2017.1360070.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Moses Kisame Kisubi, Veronica Mukyala, Rehema Namono
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
• O(s) autor(es) autoriza(m) a publicação do artigo na revista;
• O(s) autor(es) garante(m) que a contribuição é original e inédita e que não está em processo de avaliação em outra(s) revista(s);
• A revista não se responsabiliza pelas opiniões, ideias e conceitos emitidos nos textos, por serem de inteira responsabilidade de seu(s) autor(es);
• É reservado aos editores o direito de proceder ajustes textuais e de adequação do artigos às normas da publicação.
