Journal of the Postgraduate Students in Economic History & Social History of the University of São Paulo (USP)
Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo (FFLCH-USP)
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The train that never departed: national integration projects and the Mossoró-São Francisco railway at the Dawn of the Republic
The construction of a railway connecting the cities of Mossoró, in Rio Grande do Norte, to Petrolina, in the state of Pernambuco, was proposed by Senator Francisco de Salles Meira e Sá in 1909. It aimed to interlink the sertão from the port of Mossoró to Petrolina, allowing a connection to the São Francisco River, navigable up to Pirapora, in Minas Gerais. This ambitious project was approved at the time by the Federal Senate, however, it was never implemented. This article seeks to analyze the arguments used in the development of such a project, including legislative documents and their opinions, as well as public opinion expressed in newspapers and books, laden with stereotypical narratives about the figure of the sertanejo, in an effort to uncover its ramifications and the reasons for its failure. It is based on the hypothesis that republican plans for progress and the integration of economies aimed at exporting Brazilian agricultural products, although desired by the elites, were marked by government interests in development projects that prioritized policies for the South, Southeast, and Central-West regions of Brazil in the early 20th century.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lara do Carmo Leite, Thiago Dias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Empire of the Present: Presentism and Spectres of History
This article analyses the crisis of contemporary historical experience from the intersection between François Hartog's category of “regime of historicity” and Mark Fisher’s concept of “capitalist realism.” Through a methodological procedure that articulates Reinhart Koselleck’s History of Concepts, the research investigates how presentism has consolidated itself as the temporal structure of late capitalism, operating an interdiction of the future and the immobilization of political imagination. It examines the impact of economic crises and neoliberal dynamics on the social perception of time, proposing, in dialogue with Giorgio Agamben, the re-destination of the present as a space of messianic possibility. It concludes that the task of contemporary historiography lies in summoning the spectres of history as a way to denaturalize chronological paralysis and reopen historical becoming
Copyright (c) 2026 Rodrigo Fernandes Vicente https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The deceits and poisons of Athenian wives in the 5th century BC.: the phármakon as an element of feminine subversion in classical tragedy
The purpose of this research is to analyse how the Euripidean tragic discourse conceives the φάρμακον (phármakon) as a zone of feminine knowledge and resistance in fifth-century BCE Athens. Based on the discourse analysis proposed by Fredric Jameson, Classical Tragedy is conceived as a religious and political performative expression permeated by social, economic, and political contexts. Therefore, this article aims to analyse, through a reading of the tragedy Ion (414–412 BCE) and the fragment 464 of the play Cretans (c. 438 BCE), the formation of a fear in the Athenian imagination regarding the female appropriation of the φάρμακον (phármakon) as a weapon of transgression in a context of intense social instability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maysa Andrade Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
In recent years, the dialogue between History and Digital Methods has transformed the way historians carry out their research, analyze data and share results. Among the various tools offered by technology, the construction of databases stands out as a promising initiative, allowing new approaches to explore different relationships between historical objects, such as space, time and society. In this essay, we will discuss how Digital Methods can broaden the horizons of historical research, particularly in the field of medieval studies, with a special focus on georeferenced databases. To this end, we propose a structuring of a digital platform for history research data that combines well-established data modeling techniques with an iterative approach to requirements gathering and implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thiago Juarez Ribeiro da Silva, Mateus Espadoto, Henrique Sbarai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
“O sr. Domingos Ribeiro Filho é, mas não quer ser anarquista”: political clashes in the pages of the Rio de Janeiro press (1919)
In September 1919, the writer Domingos Ribeiro Filho (1875-1942) was denounced and persecuted for his political militancy. The episode led him to publicly renounce his support for anarchist ideology. The repercussions and the exploitation of the case by the press resulted in the writer's departure from the anarchist movement, as well as marking the end of his literary career as a novelist. This article seeks to understand the central role that the press played in this episode, constituting itself as a decisive agent in this process, giving it relevance and, ultimately, determining its outcome. To this end, we analyze news articles published about the case in different newspapers of the time, such as Correio da Manhã, A Noite and Gazeta de Noticias. By examining and problematizing an episode like this, it is possible to reveal the concrete limits of political action imposed on an anarchist militancy in Rio de Janeiro during the First Republic, by the material reality and the dilemmas of his respective context. Far from understanding the story of Domingos Ribeiro Filho as the immaculate and “heroic” trajectory of an anarchist, it is a matter of understanding it in light of its contradictions, ambiguities and often adverse conditions – in an approach typical of the field of social history and interested in the management of the historical process by an individual and his clashes in the pages of the press.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juliana Amorim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Agentes e territórios: novas leituras sobre sujeitos e poder na América colonial (séculos XVI-XIX)
Resenha de SCATAMACCHIA, Maria Cristina Mineiro; RODRIGUES, André Figueiredo; DIAS, Renato da Silva. Agentes, poder e territórios nos mundos coloniais (séculos XVI ao XIX).v. 31 ( História Diversa).
Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Costa Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PINTO, Júlio Pimentel. Sobre literatura e história: Como a ficção constrói a experiência.
This review offers a critical reading of the work Sobre literatura e história: como a ficção constrói a experiência by Júlio Pimentel Pinto, emphasizing the theoretical and methodological articulations that run through the volume. Its composition—marked by thematic diversity and the recurrence of certain analytical axes—is grounded in a broad repertoire of references related to historiography, literary theory, and memory studies. By focusing on the chapters that establish dialogues with authors such as Borges, Ricardo Piglia, and Julio Cortázar, the review highlights how the author mobilizes fiction not merely as an illustrative device, but as an epistemic operator capable of challenging the boundaries between representation, temporality, and historical experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Guilherme Costa Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The perpetrator in the New Republic and the disputes over the memory of the dictatorship: the case of Colonel Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra
This article analyzes the role of Colonel Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra in the disputes over the memory of the dictatorship in Brazil, aiming to contribute to the understanding of current conflicts surrounding the country's violent past. To this end, it examines the colonel’s trajectory during the military regime, his active involvement in the memory disputes from the 1980s onwards, and, finally, the recent appropriation of his image by the far right. Broadly speaking, the article works with the hypothesis that Ustra played a significant role in the construction of a pro-dictatorship memory, which in recent years has gained traction with the rise of authoritarian right-wing groups.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniele de Paula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Zezé Motta, the success of blackness: reflections on racism, media, and body
This article analyzes the trajectory of Zezé Motta, highlighting her relevance as an actress, singer, and in the antiracist struggle. Focusing on the 1970s and 1980s, the research examines how Zezé managed to achieve success and recognition in a racist society while maintaining a stance of confronting racism, despite the limitations imposed on her image and body. The study, grounded in Social History of Culture in dialogue with Cultural and Feminist Studies, investigates the social roles imposed on Black artists at the time and how Zezé achieved the status of sex symbol within this context. It also explores how the artist perceived the objectification of her body and how that body became an inseparable part of her artistic identity. Based on hemerographic sources from digital and physical archives and the analysis of albums released between 1975 and 1985, we seek to understand Zezé Motta’s insertion in the Brazilian audiovisual and phonographic markets, the repertoires she chose, her commercial performance, the strategies that sustained her consolidation as a singer and actress, the media impact of her fame, and how her image was presented to the public, articulating these dimensions to understand the construction of her artistic trajectory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eduarda Caroline Borges dos Santos , Davi Miguel de Souza Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The oil workers' unionism in the time of national developmentalism (1950/1960)
Oil workers' unionism emerged in the wake of Petrobras' expansion in the oil and gas sector during the 1950s and 1960s. However, decisive in this formative process was the ability to develop a shared collective experience of being employees of a state-owned company founded under the banner of national economic emancipation in the oil sector. The formation of oil workers' unionism was reconstructed through research using secondary sources. The interpretation of the data was guided by the hypothesis that the political organizations of the working class arise from a process of self-construction, which presupposes men and women capable of developing a common experience of domination and resistance. According to this perspective, oil workers were able to build their own organizations, despite institutional limitations, and actively participate in Brazilian political life by aligning themselves with a national developmentalist project. The values of this project were central in guiding the political action of the democracy that ended with the 1964 coup.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danilo Mendes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Everyday Life and the Natural World in the Miracles of the Saga of Bishop Þorlákr (Iceland, 13th Century)
This paper analyzes the Saga of Bishop Þorlákr (Þorláks saga biskups, c. 1200), focusing on Þorlákr’s relationship with the community in which he lived as reflected in his posthumous miracles, especially those involving climate, animals, and everyday life in medieval Iceland. The study seeks to understand the document as a constructor of reality within a culture of memory, based on the conceptions of its author and within the Icelandic narrative tradition of the thirteenth century. The source is examined both through the intertextuality of the saga with the hagiographical repertoire of Latin Christendom and through the representation of autochthonous elements from the period in which the saga was written and gained meaning among its audience. The article is divided into four parts: the first, by way of introduction, presents a brief overview of the bishops’ sagas and the Saga of Þorlákr, as well as theoretical considerations on the sagas as historical sources; then, a critique of the only Brazilian study that analyzed the same saga from other theoretical-methodological perspectives; next, a historical-anthropological analysis of Þorlákr’s posthumous miracles according to the aforementioned approach; finally, general considerations on the results of the analyses and on the object of study of the paper.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rodrigo Kmiecik Passos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Between one-liners, there is ideology : Robocop and neoliberalism in the Reagan Era (1981-1989)
Drawing on authors such as Douglas Kellner and Mark Fisher, this article argues that the film Robocop (1987) was not aligned with the zeitgeist of the 1980s in the United States, which at the time emphasised the cultural, economic and social optimism of the Republican government of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989). In this article, we seek to understand how the 1987 film establishes a critical dialogue with Reaganism. In agreement with historians such as Gary Gerstle and Douglas C. Rossinow, we point out that the Reagan administration attacked the Welfare State, heir to the New Deal (1933-1937) and the Great Society (1964-1968), and the social programmes of previous administrations, inaugurating a neoliberal model of government. The industrial sector, located in the Midwest, was replaced by technology centres on the East Coast and the labour movement suffered significant losses. In this article, the use of the concepts ‘deindustrialisation’ and ‘neoliberalism’ proposes a debate with the works of David Harvey, Kim Moody and Vladimir Safatle. We suggest looking at how the film, through the lens of science fiction, criticised these aspects of the Reagan administration, observing certain scenes and sequences that dialogue with the American working class’s loss of identity. In addition, we defend the following hypothesis: Robocop satirises Reaganomics in the script by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner and in the style of Paul Verhoeven’s direction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Guilherme Colombara Rossatto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Images of Nietzsche in Brazilian Intellectual Life (c. 1890-1950)
This text addresses the images of Nietzsche in Brazilian intellectual life (c. 1890-1950), seeking to assemble the authorial horizons attributed to the philosopher. In this sense, these images appear permeated by tensions and disputes around the philosopher's intellectual legacy, through which the formation of regimes of appropriation can be apprehended. The critique is clear about the conflicting nature of Nietzsche’s receptions in the country, multiplying the scope of his images, which implies the design of a whole archaeology in which one can read (and recognize) common places of discussion around a certain subject or theme, thus establishing a kind of inventory of perceptions that shape and outline what can be called readerships.
Copyright (c) 2025 Piero Detoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The reception of Hồ Chí Minh in Brazil: politics, publishing, and memory in the 20th century
This study analyzes the reception and circulation of the works and figure of Hồ Chí Minh in Brazil, considering the different temporalities and transformations throughout the 20th century. It begins with initial references to Hồ in the context of the First Indochina War in the 1940s, followed by the intensification of his image as a symbol of anticolonial resistance during the Vietnam War (1950-60). In the 1970s, with the end of the war, Hồ's image was eclipsed by more immediate topics, such as the Cuban Revolution and the fight against Latin American dictatorships. The research reveals the central role of the French language as a cultural intermediary and of Brazilian publishing houses in mediating Hồ's works, whose reception oscillated between intellectual curiosity and symbolic support, but with limited impact on local political practice. The analysis highlights the importance of cultural and geopolitical mediations in the circulation of ideas and opens pathways for comparative studies on other revolutionary leaders within the Latin American context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Egas Moniz Bandeira, Luccas Eduardo Maldonado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Science and the others weapons of the materialist army
The intention is to locate the concept of science in the work of Louis Althusser, and above all, the way in which such practice may be of interest to the struggle of the working class. More precisely, the aim is to identify the manner in which this concept is situated within the scope of the philosopher's Theory of Ideology. This is because it is known that the concept of ideology undergoes transformation throughout Louis Althusser's intellectual trajectory, and as the notion of materiality is incorporated into it, there arises a qualitative reorganization that necessitates the investigation of the possibility of a truly scientific practice – one that is distant from ideological interpellation. To do this, we start by reading Althusser's two main works, For Marx and Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, which condense what is necessary for the discussion, without, however, going into his manuscript. It should be noted that the intention is to draw conclusions from Althusser himself, which implies a planned renunciation of the disputes of the Althusserian tradition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Murilo Amadio Cipollone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Copyright (c) 2024 Hugo Fanton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
This article seeks to reflect on the intricate webs of fear and violence that permeate regional literature in the state of Goiás, revealing how these forces intertwine within the narrative fabric of life. To this end, it examines the short story André Louco (1978), by Bernardo Élis, in which madness, fear, and brutality shape the regional imaginary and construct the author’s narrative universe. The study aims to understand the violent practices manifested both in the urban space and in the cultural dimension of the period, demonstrating how literature emerges as a mirror of a rural world marked by violence. Along this path, the article reflects on how historical context sheds light on the perception of what it means to be deemed ‘mad’, and how such madness is not confined to a single individual, but instead resonates among various social actors within the hinterlands of Goiás.
Copyright (c) 2025 Brendon Husley Rimualdo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Brief History of Soviet Biology Under Lysenkoism
Between 1931 and 1964, the USSR experienced the consequences of a pseudoscience, Lysenkoism, a charlatanical view of Biology that sought to protect itself from discredit and impose its power in academia and politics through the fusion of pseudoscience and ideology. In addition to a bibliographic review, the writings of Trofím Lysenko and the “Michurinists” were analyzed by a historian and an agronomist, through the sociocultural history of Science, which provides a new perspective on the group. Cases already reported in the past by geneticists inside and outside the Soviet Union, by the Soviet press and by historians now receive the addition of the inconsistencies and incongruities of Lysenko’s own articles, which points to deception rather than sincere belief in research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moisés Wagner Franciscon, Hugo Franciscon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Youth movements, digital activism and new associative morphologies: the role of the União da Juventude Socialista (UJS) in the post-2013 period
This article aims to present the results of research that, through document analysis, questionnaires, interviews and network monitoring, sought to understand how the União da Juventude Socialista (UJS-Brazil) adapted to digital activism especially in the post-2013 period, characterized by intense political polarization. One of the oldest youth organizations in the country, UJS grew and took roots using analog means and organic face-to-face strategies to bring together and organize youth. The analysis of its history in recent years reveals that the adoption of new methods of mobilization via the internet did not replace the previously accumulated experience. Hybrid repertoires were developed by combining online and offline methods, resulting in some ubiquity - a constant presence “on the networks and in the streets”. By describing how UJS adapted to virtual environments, listing potentialities and challenges, this case study sheds light on the impacts of cyberactivism, especially among youth movements, on the reconfiguration of social struggles in contemporary times.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fábio Palácio de Azevedo, Maria Julia Ferreira Sousa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Secular and religious perspectives in women's press in Iran
This article analyzes how the notions of modernity and secularity impacted the women's movement in Iran before and after the 1979 Revolution, focusing on discussions of sexual freedom and gender equality in women's press. The selected magazines were Dānish (Knowledge), Zan-e Ruz (Today's Women), Payam-e Zan (Women's Message), Payam-e Hajar (Hagar's Message), and Zanan (Women), published between the early 20th century and the early 21st century. In conclusion, I propose a discussion on how secularity and religiosity are not opposing elements but mutually constitutive in local activism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Júlia Carolina de Amorim Benfica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A formação política de João Silvério Trevisan
O artigo, resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado, apresenta as constatações obtidas acerca da análise da trajetória de formação política e subjetiva do intelectual, escritor e ativista João Silvério Trevisan. Nascido em Ribeirão Bonito (SP) em 1944, Trevisan é um dos pioneiros do movimento homossexual no Brasil. Tendo fundado o jornal Lampião da Esquina e o grupo de ativismo homossexual Somos, Trevisan pertence a uma geração de militantes que impactou a história política e social do Brasil. A partir de uma perspectiva sensível à dimensão individual da experiência histórica, destacam-se, neste artigo, três momentos fundamentais da formação política de Trevisan: a infância marcada pela rejeição paterna e pela negação do meio; a adolescência no seminário, onde, entre tensões espirituais e descobertas artísticas, germinam os primeiros traços de autonomia e pensamento crítico; e, por fim, o período pós-seminário, marcado pelo processo de ruptura com a Igreja e com os preceitos políticos hegemônicos de seu tempo, e pelo contato com as novas ideias que manteve durante um exílio motivado pela censura que seu filme, Orgia ou o homem que deu cria (1970), sofreu da ditadura militar.
Vinícius Potrich de Souza Macedo Gonçalves
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinícius Potrich de Souza Macedo Gonçalves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Re-signification and Democratization of Architectural Heritage: Solar Visconde do Araruama as a Historical Museum of Campos dos Goytacazes
The collective memory of various societies is at risk with the destruction of the built heritage, as this loss contributes to the lack of learning from the past and cultural forgetting, as well as harming the reflection on society across different temporalities. The objective of this study is to contribute to the discussion about the importance of preserving the built heritage for different social groups as a form of historical reparation through the resignification of uses, especially in the Campos dos Goytacazes Historical Museum. For this, the methodology used is the bibliographic review about the preservation and democratization of the built heritage through heritage education and temporal analysis of municipal heritage education, focusing on the local Historical Museum. Subsequently, the importance of a participatory and continuous Heritage Education Program for the Museum is identified, with the expected outcome of this study being the promotion of the dialogue between groups of different cultures. It is concluded, therefore, that even architectures from colonial contexts can be reinterpreted through the democratization of heritage education.
Dossiê: Patrimônio em Debate: Preservação, Destruição e Reconstrução - parte II
Historical Museum of Campos dos Goytacazes
Copyright (c) 2024 Thaís Conceição Feitosa Almeida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Urban, free, and skilled workers in the abolitionist movement of the province of Amazonas (1870-1884)
This article aims to analyze the participation of free and qualified urban workers in the movement to end slave labor in the province of Amazonas. To this end, in addition to the bibliography relating to the themes, newspapers from the press with the largest circulation were consulted, such as Amazonas, Jornal do Amazonas and Comercio do Amazonas, to assess the degree of participation of urban and free workers in Manaus, especially those belonging to organizations of qualified workers, in movements in favor of the extinction of slave labor in the province. Hypotheses were raised to explain the intense engagement of these workers in the liberation campaign and it will be discussed how participation in the movement for the liberation of enslaved people provided experiences that contributed to the formation of the labor movement in later years.
Copyright (c) 2024 Marcos Lucas Abreu Braga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
(Dis)continuities Between ‘June 2013’ and the Pro-impeachment Campaign in São Paulo: the 2013 Mobilizations Beyond the Serpent’s Egg and the Popular Revolt
The objective of this article is to analyze the continuities and discontinuities between the mobilizations of June 2013 and the protests for the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff (2015-16). To this end, we draw a systematic comparison around four axes: a) main political actors, organizations and leaderships; b) visual identity of the protesters and confrontation strategies; c) social composition of the protests; d) agendas, demands and discourses. Given the public opinion surveys applied in the demonstrations and the documentary records of participation in the events, such as interviews, books, audiovisual resources, newspaper reports and documented posters, the methods employed are document analysis, content analysis, and analysis of the socioeconomic profile of the protesters. With this, we intend to discuss some developments of June 2013 in the Brazilian political process and examine the two main characterizations of the 2013 mobilizations, the popular revolt thesis and the serpent’s egg thesis. We conclude that both theses are insufficient and disregard the heterogeneity of the acts: the first by hypertrophying the “progressivism” of the protests and by rejecting the continuities to the right, especially the presence of anti-corruption movements mobilizing an anti-PT middle class, and the second by constructing a teleological and linear explanatory line that positions 2013 as the birthplace of bolsonarism.
Copyright (c) 2024 Arthur Salomão https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
In the pages of the Boletim da Luta Indígena the emergence of a Movement (1976-1979): indigenous resistance and missionary action.
This article aims to develop a brief reflection about the moment seen as an initial articulation period of the indigenous movement, at the end of the 1970s. For this, we delve into the conceptualization of social movement used to analyze the indigenous movement and in some cases at Boletim da Luta Indígena, that help us understand the sense of action of this nascent movement and supporting entities, especially the Conselho Indigensita Missionário (Cimi). Throughout the exposition, we also seek to connect the experiences of indigenous peoples to the national-scale political process, particularly the Military Dictatorship. For this purpose, we used the bibliography produced regarding the indigenous movement, social movements, Cimi, among other related topics. We also have to highlight the use of seven editions of the Boletim da Luta Indígena.
Copyright (c) 2024 Victória Santos Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Social reproduction of labor: slave administration in the Paraíba Valley (c.1860 – c.1870)
This work studies the slavery demographic dynamics from some Paraiba Valley planters who’s have been opposed to the Free Womb Law promulgation. In the first part, deals with the labor force concentration in the center-south. In the second, analyzes the planters’ strategies to the social reproduction of slavery after the end of the transatlantic slave trade, in 1850, and notes that the 28 September 1871 law interrupted them.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bruno da Fonseca Miranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cáritas in two acts: struggle and resistance in Baixo Jaguaribe
This article explores the complex agrarian issue in Vale do Jaguaribe, in the State of Ceará, highlighting different ways in which the rural population organizes, fights and resists. The region has been the scene of historical conflicts over water use and land ownership since colonial times. In recent decades, confrontations in the region have been marked by the way the State deals with rural populations and the territorialization of capital, with the advancement of agro-hydrobusiness, including activities such as irrigated fruit farming and shrimp farming, which have significantly impacted the territory. In this text we highlight the importance of the activities of Cáritas Diocesana de Limoeiro do Norte (CDLN) as a fundamental institution in supporting, supporting and promoting dispute processes in the region. The analysis of the actions of the CDLN and the agents involved allows us to understand how these interventions have changed the reality of rural communities in Vale do Jaguaribe over almost seven decades. The resistance of local communities, through strategies such as direct action in the Jaguaribe River Integration Program (PITR), demonstrates the importance of mobilization and the search for alternatives in the face of the challenges faced. Methodologically, we mainly address existing documents in the CDLN collection with the aim of transforming them into historical sources. Thematic interviews were also carried out to examine memories about the forms of struggle.
Copyright (c) 2025 Me. Carolina Rodrigues Moreira, Dr. Mário Martins Viana Júnior https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Globalization and the Labor Movement in the European Automotive Industry: Competition or Transnational Alliance?
With the transformations of global economic globalization in recent decades, the automotive industry has been exemplary in applying new operational models in production and labor management. The main characteristics of these models include the fragmentation of production chains through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in countries with low labor costs and weak union organization. In Europe, this trend is manifested by the relocation of transnational automotive industries from Western European countries – most notably the German automotive industry – to Central and Eastern European countries. The relocation of companies has served as a bargaining tool for corporate management during periods of wages negotiation with unions, exerting pressure to reduce working conditions in the industrial plants across each country. Recognizing this early on and facing numerous challenges, European unions have sought to circumvent the competition that this production model imposed on the labor movement by building exemplary experiences of transnational collaboration, which are described in this article.
Copyright (c) 2024 Vânia Cibele Ornelas de Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Organization, mobilization and collective action: the strikes of tram drivers and conductors in Manaus (1899-1927)
Between 1899 and 1927, Manaus experienced a period of significant social and urban changes, including the installation of the electric tram system and the emergence of two new categories of workers, whose presence and collective action left a legacy in the social history of labor in Amazonas: tram drivers and conductors. This article aims to analyze the organization and mobilization of these tram traffic workers in Manaus, examining the mobilizations and strikes they undertook. The theoretical focus is on the Social History of Labor and the approaches that addressed workers' strikes. Based primarily on sources from the labor and commercial press of the time, the various strikes carried out by drivers and conductors during the First Republic were analyzed. It is hoped that this study will contribute to a better understanding of labor history and the workers' movement, highlighting the importance of collective action in the construction of urban space and the struggles for better living and working conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhyene Vieira dos Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ne dubita meminisse: the cult of Caesar, from plebeian origins to hegemony
This article aims to analyze the memorial process that gave rise to the cult of Julius Caesar in the heart of ancient Rome, the Roman Forum, over a period of forty years, from the dictator's funeral in March 44 BC until the decade of 10 BC, the time of consolidation of the Principate of Augustus. In the meantime, the south side of the square underwent immense transformations: first it witnessed Caesar's funeral ceremonies led by the subaltern masses present in the Forum after the news of his assassination was spread by members of the Roman elite; then it housed an improvised monument by the urban plebs and veterans of the dictator around which the first cult of Caesar was gestated in the imperial capital; finally, this place of worship was gradually phagocytized by the hegemonic class as the Augustan Principate grew stronger, culminating in the construction of the Temple of the Deified Julius Caesar. On the one hand, we will try to understand the reasons that led the subaltern classes to take the lead in this process. On the other hand, we will see how the ruling class appropriated this popular initiative to regain control over the memory of one of its members, Caesar. To do this, we will take the Roman Forum as an organism, in the Gramscian sense of the word. Given the importance of this space in the political life of Rome, since it brought together different social groups, we see the Forum as an organism that builds consensus through friction and the asymmetrical participation of the parties involved.
Copyright (c) 2024 Giovanni Pando Bueno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0