Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas
type: channel
description: A origem da Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas / Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences remonta aos “Anais de Farmácia e Odontologia da USP”, periódico iniciado em 1939. Em 1963, com o vol.1, teve início a “Revista da Faculdade de Farmácia e Bioquímica da Universidade de São Paulo”, que, em 1970, recebeu o título de “Revista de Farmácia e Bioquímica da Universidade de São Paulo”. Em 1999, foi totalmente reformulada, recebendo a denominação de Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. OBS.: O revista mudou de título em 2009 para Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
publisher: Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
language: en
publication name: Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas
issn: 1516-9332
items: Antioxidant properties in cashew apple byproduct (Anacardium occidentale L.): effect on lipoperoxidation and on the polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in rats
items: A investigação qualitativa em Farmácia: aplicação em Atenção Farmacêutica
items: Evaluation of the production of nitric oxide in mice, submitted to aerobic and anaerobic exercises
items: Synthesis and biological activity of 6-formyl-oxamniquine derivative
items: Importance of regulatory cytokine gene polymorphisms in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
items: Pharmaceutical care in the context of the family health strategy
items: Antiamnesic evaluation of C. phlomidis Linn. bark extract in mice
items: Antinociceptive activity and toxicological study of aqueous extract of Egletes viscosa Less (Asteraceae)
items: Faecal fat excretion of mice (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar), submitted to hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidic diets supplemented with chitosan
items: Pharmaceutical intervention and prevention of drug related problems
items: Validation of spectrophotometric methodology for quantify flavonoid content in Bauhinia cheilantha (Bongard) Steudel
items: Study utilization of parenteral medications in pediatric unit of universitary hospital
items: Investigation of the antimycobacterial activity of 36 plant extracts from the brazilian Atlantic Forest
items: Effect of processing on nutritional value of the mandim fish (Arius spixii)
items: Spectrophotometric determination of fenoterol hydrobromide in pharmaceutical preparations
items: Development and validation of an analytical method for Nystatin vaginal cream by high performance liquid chromatography
items: Medicinal plants used by the population assisted by the "Programa de Saúde da Família" (Family Health Program) in Governador Valadares County - MG, Brazil
items: Validation of a UV-spectrophotometric analytical method for the determination of usnic acid in liposomes
items: Diazepam, in a single dose, inhibits cellular chemotaxis, macrophage stimulation, and TNF-α activity in LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in mice
items: The evolution of pharmaceutical care and the prospect for the Brazil
items: A review on metallo-β-lactamases
items: Current aspects of branched chain amino acid and exercise
items: Growth hormone and physical exercise: current considerations
items: Mucoadhesion studies in the gastrointestinal tract to increase oral drug bioavailability
items: Editorial
items: Biomarker methods in drug discovery and development
items: The nutritional biochemistry of chromium (III)
items: Modelling micoorganisms in food
items: Principles of molecular oncology
items: Structural proteomics: high-throughput methods

Antioxidant properties in cashew apple byproduct (Anacardium occidentale L.): effect on lipoperoxidation and on the polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in rats
type: item
description: The cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) contains phenolic compounds usually related with antioxidant properties. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate its antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the cashew apple pulp (EHAlc.) was assessed for the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) by in vitro method and by an in vivo essay. For this essay a 30-day oral (gavage, EHAlc. 200 and 400 mg/kg) study was conducted in Wistar male rats, evaluating hepatic, plasma and brain tissues. In DPPH model, the extract demonstrated antioxidant activity of 95 % (largest concentration, 1000 µg/ mL). There were found no relevant peroxidation comparing the treated animals with the control group. However, the treated group presented a lower level of brain lipoperoxidation. Also in the treated animals brain tissue was found the largest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly docosahexaenoic (DHA). Therefore, the analyzed extract from cashew apple pulp clone CCP-76 contains effective natural antioxidants, responsible for free radical scavenging in vitro and also for decreasing the brain lipoperoxidation and keeping the PUFAS levels in Wistar rats.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Cashew apple^i2^spropet
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipoperoxidation
  topic: keywords
subject: Fatty acids^i2^spolyunsatura
  topic: keywords
subject: Fatty acids^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Docosahexaenoic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural antioxidants
  topic: keywords
creator: Priscila Regina Bolelli Broinizi
creator: Elma Regina Silva de Andrade-Wartha
creator: Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva
creator: Rosângela Pavan Torres
creator: Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro Azeredo
creator: Ricardo Elesbão Alves
creator: Jorge Mancini-Filho
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 773
ending page: 781
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400025

A investigação qualitativa em Farmácia: aplicação em Atenção Farmacêutica
type: item
description: O estado da arte da metodologia de investigação qualitativa no campo das Ciências Farmacêuticas é apresentado neste artigo, dando ênfase especial à área da Atenção Farmacêutica. Apresentamos os pressupostos teóricos e as investigações qualitativas mais importantes realizadas na área das ciências da saúde e no setor farmacêutico internacional. A partir da informação exposta, observamos que apesar do uso considerável dos métodos de investigação qualitativa no ambiente sanitário, sua aplicação no campo da Farmácia Assistencial e da Atenção Farmacêutica é ainda insuficiente, o que parece transcender para a América Latina, na qual o exercício desta nova filosofia de prática profissional ainda não se apresenta como atividade amplamente estabelecida. A avaliação do estado da profissão farmacêutica sob perspectiva social, a partir da percepção de pacientes, farmacêuticos e outros profissionais sanitários, assim como compreensão mais aprofundada dos principais desafios para a implementação da Atenção Farmacêutica, do ponto de vista qualitativo, podem contribuir fortemente para o avanço das atividades farmacêuticas clínicas, e, conseqüentemente, para o uso mais racional dos medicamentos para qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Farmácia Assistencial
  topic: keywords
subject: Atenção Farmacêutica
  topic: keywords
subject: Prática farmacêutica
  topic: keywords
subject: Ciências Farmacêuticas^i2^spesquisa qualitat
  topic: keywords
subject: Assistência Farmacêutica
  topic: keywords
creator: Djenane Ramalho de Oliveira
creator: Niurka Dupotey Varela
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 763
ending page: 772
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400024

Evaluation of the production of nitric oxide in mice, submitted to aerobic and anaerobic exercises
type: item
description: Nitric Oxide (NO) exerts important influences in several physiological processes. In this work we evaluated the production of sanguine NO in Wistar rats, submitted to the acute aerobic and anaerobic exercises. The formation of nitric oxide was verified through the dosage of the end products of oxidation of the metabolism of nitric oxide (nitrates). For this we used the colorimetric Griess method. We verified the existence of a significant difference (p = 0.000261) in the production of NO among the accomplishment of the aerobic swimming and the anaerobic, where the aerobic was shown more efficient in the promotion of higher levels. The acute aerobic exercise with duration of at least 10 minutes was shown more effective in the requirement production of NO in relation to the 5 minutes exercise. The positive relationship observed between the aerobic exercise and the formation of NO can help to explain the beneficial effects of the exercise in the cardiovascular health. We know that the practice of aerobic exercise and your duration increases the biodisponibility of NO, which is an important physiologic regulator of the blood pressure.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Sodium nitrate
  topic: keywords
subject: Griess Reaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical exercises^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Arterial hypertension
  topic: keywords
creator: Vanessa Guimarães de Freitas Cruvelo D'Ávila
creator: Nozelmar Borges de Sousa Júnior
creator: Fábio Borges de Sousa
creator: Lídia Andreu Guillo
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 755
ending page: 761
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400023

Synthesis and biological activity of 6-formyl-oxamniquine derivative
type: item
description: Schistosomiasis, an important disease in Brazil, is caused by a trematode of the genus Schistosoma, reaching millions of person in one of the most endemic region of this disease in the whole globe. The main goal of this work was to syntetize the 6-formyl-oxamniquine derivative and evaluate its biological activity. The 6-formyl-oxamniquine derivative was obtained by the oxidation of oxamniquine with MnO2, applying CH2Cl2 as solvent at room temperature for 24 hours. The obtaintion of 6-formyl-oxamniquine derivative compound was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and 13C NMR and ¹H NMR, presenting similar activity when compared to the commercial oxamniquine (Mansil®).
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Schistosomiasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Ooxamniquine
  topic: keywords
subject: Schistosoma mansoni
  topic: keywords
creator: Adélia Emília de Almeida
creator: Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza
creator: Silmara Marques Allegretti
creator: Tarsila Ferraz Frezza
creator: Mara Cristina Pinto
creator: Antônio Gilberto Ferreira
creator: Man Chin Chung
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 749
ending page: 754
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400022

Importance of regulatory cytokine gene polymorphisms in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
type: item
description: HLA genetic matching of donor and recipient is an important requirement for optimizing outcome following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, other non-HLA genes are being investigated for their role in graft-versus-host disease incidence and severity and in survival, by modulating the intensity of inflammation and tissue injury. These non-HLA-encoded genes include cytokine genes with polymorphisms within the 5' or 3' regulatory sequences of the genes. The polymorphisms or microsatellites may alter the transcription factor binding sites within the gene promoters and the amount of cytokine produced. This chapter summarizes the potential role of these genetic polymorphisms regarding the cytokines in predicting outcome of HSCT.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Genetic polymorphisms
  topic: keywords
subject: Cytokines
  topic: keywords
subject: Graft-versus-host disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Hematopoietic stem cell^i2^stransplantat
  topic: keywords
creator: Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
creator: Ana Maria Sell
creator: Danilo Alessio Franceschi
creator: Sofia Rocha Lieber
creator: Cármino Antonio de Souza
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 739
ending page: 748
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400021

Pharmaceutical care in the context of the family health strategy
type: item
description: The main objective of pharmaceutical policy management within the scope of SUS (Brazilian National Health System) is to guarantee the supply of drugs to local health centers, therefore displacing patient care When drug-related problems (DRP) and difficulties in adhering to the prescribed treatment are identified during the development of pharmaceutical follow-up, family and social issues have been shown to be reasons for unsuccessful treatment. They are key points to be considered during Pharmaceutical Care. The methodology chosen for this study was the pharmaceutical care of four patients monitored in a Health Unit in the city of Florianópolis. To solve drug related problems an approach was adopted that included family and social contexts using tools such as genogramming, ecomapping and interdisciplinary work. Family and support groups were shown to be important in addressing DRPs and there appears to be a need for the pharmacist to improve Pharmaceutical Care Practice by using these tools. The importance of home visits to gain a better understanding of the family environment was also observed, as well as the necessity of interdisciplinary work to improve the quality of care.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Pharmaceutical Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Drugs^i2^srational
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Health Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Genogram
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecomap
  topic: keywords
creator: Aline Aparecida Foppa
creator: Gabriela Bevilacqua
creator: Luciano Henrique Pinto
creator: Carine Raquel Blatt
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 727
ending page: 737
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400020

Antiamnesic evaluation of C. phlomidis Linn. bark extract in mice
type: item
description: Clerodendron phlomidis Linn. (Verbenaceae) is known as Agnimantha in sanskrit. Bark of the plant is used in treating various nervous disorders. In the present study C. phlomidis was investigated for its potential as a nootropic agent in mice. The aqueous extract of the C. phlomidis (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for 6 successive days to both young and aged mice. Exteroceptive behavioral models such as elevated plus maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate short term and long term memory respectively. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.), diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were employed to induce amnesia in mice. To delineate the mechanism by which C. phlomidis exerts nootropic action, its effect on brain acetyl cholinesterase levels were determined. Piracetam (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a standard nootropic agent. Pretreatment with C. phlomidis (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 6 successive days significantly improved learning and memory in mice. It reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine, diazepam and natural ageing. It also decreased the acetyl cholinesterase levels in the whole brain. The bark of C. phlomidis can be of enormous use in the management of treatment of cognitive disorders such as amnesia and Alzheimer's disease.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Alzheimer's disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Nootropic agent
  topic: keywords
subject: Acetyl cholinesterase
  topic: keywords
subject: Clerodendron phlomidis
  topic: keywords
creator: anumanthachar Joshi
creator: Krupa Megeri
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 717
ending page: 725
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400019

Antinociceptive activity and toxicological study of aqueous extract of Egletes viscosa Less (Asteraceae)
type: item
description: Egletes viscosa Less (Asteraceae), popularly known as "macela" or "macela-da-terra", is a plant widely used in popular medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antidiarrhoea, mio-relaxant, antispasmodic, antinociceptive, digestive, and anti-viral properties. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Egletes viscosa (AEEV) revealed the high presence of flavonoids. This study examined the oral antinociceptive potential of AEEV in rodents using different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.). The results showed significant antinociceptive action when tested in writhing (200 and 400 mg/kg-p<0.05) and in the second phase of formalin tests (200 mg/kg-p<0.01 and 400 mg/kg-p<0.001). The inhibition (%) of extract in the writhing test was 63.4, 56.7, and 79.2% respectively for 200, 400, and acetyl salicylic acid (300 mg/kg); for the formalin test (second phase) results were 66.1, 84.7, and 96.2% respectively for 200, 400, and acetyl salicylic acid (300 mg/kg). Collectively, these observations suggest that AEEV is effective against continuous inflammatory pain. AEEV was well tolerated. In an acute toxicity test, oral administration of 5 g/kg of AEEV was performed and no mortality rate was observed. Similarly, in a subchronic toxicity study, no mortality was observed after 30 days of daily oral administration of 100 mg/kg of AEEV. There was no significant difference in the body and organ weights between control and experimental animals in both acute and subchronic toxicity tests. Pathological assays did not reveal any evidence of detectable differences in the gross appearance, as well as in the architectural or cellular pattern characteristics of the internal organs of the animals in both acute and subchronic tests. Nevertheless, significant differences were verified between males of the experimental and control groups regarding the levels of hemoglobin and leukocytes. In conclusion, AEEV did not induce any hazardous effects on the majority of the param…
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Egletes viscose^i1^spharmacogn
  topic: keywords
subject: Egletes viscose^i1^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Egletes viscose^i1^santinociception eff
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemical screening
  topic: keywords
creator: Adriano Antunes S. Araújo
creator: Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim
creator: Érica M. Mota
creator: Ricardo Luiz C. Albuquerque-Júnior
creator: Charles dos Santos Estevam
creator: Luzia Cordeiro
creator: Sérgio Ricardo S. Seixas
creator: Josemar Sena Batista
creator: Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 707
ending page: 715
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400018

Faecal fat excretion of mice (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar), submitted to hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidic diets supplemented with chitosan
type: item
description: The effect of two comercial brands of chitosan in the faecal fat excretion was investigated in mice submitted to hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidic diets. 32 rats Wistar, recently weaned, distributed randomly in four groups (n=8): control group (CG), received diet of AIN93G; hyperlipidic group (HG): diet of AIN-93G modified in the lipids content (12%) and supplemented with cholesterol (1%); and the chitosan hyperlipidic groups 1 (QHG1) and chitosan hyperlipidic 2 (QHG2), that received the same diet of the HG, supplemented with their respective chitosan (5%). The faecal collection was conducted on the days 0, 14th and 28th of the experiment. The faecal fat determination (g) was conducted through the Soxhlet method. No significant statistical differences (p>;0.05) were observed among the 4 groups as to the fat content in the beginning of the experiment. On the 14th day, the GHQ1 group had a significant increase of faecal fat when compared to the other three groups (p<0.05). On the 28th day, in the GHQ1 group, the faecal fat excretion was larger than in the other groups (p<0.05), while the group GHQ2 had not statistically differed from the group GH. The results suggest that the differences between these two groups can be caused by the purity degree, viscosity and deacetylation degree of the chitosans.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Chitosan^i2^seffect in d
  topic: keywords
subject: Chitosan^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Dietetic fiber^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Dietetic supplements^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperlipidic diets^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypercholesterolemic diets^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypercholesterolemia^i2^seffect in d
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypercholesterolemia^i2^sexperimental st
  topic: keywords
creator: Adriana da Rosa Cherem
creator: Adriana Bramosrki
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 701
ending page: 706
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400017

Pharmaceutical intervention and prevention of drug related problems
type: item
description: In the present study, we describe the pharmaceutical interventions performed by the pharmacy service of a public orthopaedic hospital at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In a retrospective study, we analysed the pharmaceutical interventions performed during a year (from june 2004 to june 2005). The pharmacy service assisted 13.6% of the 5476 patients that were submitted to internation. In 30.4 % of the patients that were directly assisted by the pharmacist was identified the necessity of pharmaceutical interventions, reaching 227 interventions during the period of the study. The physicians were the most requested professionals (71.1%), followed by nurses 16.9%. Eighty four percent of the problems that were detected were related to potential medication errors. Forty nine percent of these errors were prevented by the pharmacists. It was possible to predict some of the potential drug related problems that could be related to these patients as well. Seventy percent of the pharmaceutical interventions were accepted by the professionals. For the interventions related to prescription, sixty percent were accepted. The results suggest that pharmaceutical interventions were effective to prevent drug adverse events, reinforcing the important role of pharmacists in hospital assistance.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Pharmacovigilance
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospital pharmacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical consult
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical assistance
  topic: keywords
creator: Patrícia Helena Castro Nunes
creator: Bruna Maria Guimarães Pereira
creator: Jean Cláudio Sales Nominato
creator: Elizabeth Maciel de Albuquerque
creator: Lúcia de Fátima Neves da Silva
creator: Isabela Ribeiro Simões de Castro
creator: Selma Rodrigues de Castilho
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 691
ending page: 699
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400016

Validation of spectrophotometric methodology for quantify flavonoid content in Bauhinia cheilantha (Bongard) Steudel
type: item
description: Phytotherapeutic laboratories require access to methodologies that guarantee quality control for their products when these items are not already registered in pharmacopeias or official monographs. As such, the present study sought to validate analytical methodologies for quantifying natural flavonoids contained in extracts of "pata-de-vaca" (Bauhinia cheilantha [Bong.] Steudel) using visible light spectrophotometry and a rutin standard (µg/ml). All of the parameters required by ANVISA were evaluated. The specificity test revealed a maximum absorption peak at 420 nm. The methodology was considered linear and of high quantification sensitivity (2.51 µg/ml). The methodology also proved to be robust, and had high recovery levels (98.36%). The results obtained for repeatability, intermediate precision (intra- and inter-day), and reproducibility all certified the precision of the method, with values between 0.31 and 3.58%; the methodology was also considered exact (95.71-105.50%). This study demonstrated that the proposed methodology can be considered specific, precise, reproducible, exact, of low cost, and easy to perform.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Spectrophotometry^i2^smethod's validat
  topic: keywords
subject: Rutin^i2^s
  topic: keywords
subject: Bauhinia cheilautha^i2^spharmacogno
  topic: keywords
subject: Flavonoids^i2^squantificat
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytotherapics^i2^squality cont
  topic: keywords
creator: Tadeu José da Silva Peixoto Sobrinho
creator: Carlos Henrique Tabosa Pereira da Silva
creator: João Eudes do Nascimento
creator: Júlio Marcelino Monteiro
creator: Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque
creator: Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti de Amorim
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 683
ending page: 689
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400015

Study utilization of parenteral medications in pediatric unit of universitary hospital
type: item
description: Parenteral drug administration has clinical relevance in pediatric care and the risk of acquire nosocomial infection. The purpose of this observational cross-sectional study was to describe the utilization of parenteral drugs in a pediatric unit. A research questionnaire was created. The variables about pharmacotherapy were collect in prescriptions. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS A total of 75 patients were admitted, 56% were male. The age range most frequently was the infants. The length of hospitalization was over 20 days (24.0%), 6 to 10 days (21.3%) and less than 3 days (17.3%). Parenteral route was used to 56 (74.7%) patients, so 19 (25.3%) used other routes or did not use medicine. Intravenous route was used to 52 (92.9%) patients. Overall, 47 different parenteral drugs were prescribed . The average of 4 drugs per patient requires more time of nursing team in activities related with drug administration. The high number of drug prescribed per patient raise concern about safety. The pharmacist should stimulate conversion from parenteral to oral administration .
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Pediatrics^i2^sassista
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacoepidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Parenteral drugs^i2^s
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospital Infection
  topic: keywords
creator: Maria Clara Padovani de Souza
creator: Marta Aparecida Goulart
creator: Viviane Rosado
creator: Adriano Max Moreira Reis
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 675
ending page: 682
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400014

Investigation of the antimycobacterial activity of 36 plant extracts from the brazilian Atlantic Forest
type: item
description: Thirty-six plant extracts from the brazilian Atlantic Forest were tested for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and M. kansasii, using the method REMA in seriate concentrations of 100 to 0.20 µg/mL. Among the thirty six extracts tested, five were active against M. tuberculosis, and three of these extracts also showed activity against M. kansasii. Cytotoxicity test with VERO cells was performed with the five extracts active against M. tuberculosis. Only the extract of Peschiera affinis was identified as non-toxic in the concentration of 100µg/mL.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Mycobacterium kansasii
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant extracts^i1^santimycobacterial activ
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimycobacterials
  topic: keywords
subject: Cytotoxicity
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniela Fernandes Ramos
creator: Gilda Guimarães Leitão
creator: Fernanda das Neves Costa
creator: Lisandra Abreu
creator: Javier Vargas Villarreal
creator: Suzana Guimarães Leitão
creator: Salvador Luis Said y Fernández
creator: Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 669
ending page: 674
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400013

Effect of processing on nutritional value of the mandim fish (Arius spixii)
type: item
description: In an attempt to analyze how processing enhances the nutritional value of the mandim fish (Arius spixii) marketed in Maceió-AL, Brazil, the following nutritional components were determined in fresh and processed (salted-dried) fish: centesimal composition, calorie count, chloride, fatty acid and cholesterol profile. The presence of cholesterol oxides was also investigated. Respective results for fresh and processed mandim fish were: moisture (70.13% and 40.31%), proteins (51.73% and 38.07%, dried), carbohyrdrates (4.67% and 2.24%, dried), calories (486 kcal/100g and 367 kcal/100g, dried), fatty acids (polyunsaturared 14,54% and 15,49%, ômega-3 8,51% and 6,51%), cholesterol (82.66 mg/100g and 61.30 mg/100g) and oxides (7-ketocholesterol 8.31 µg/g and 17.90 µg/g). These figures clearly showed that processing led to significant change in the nutritional value of the mandim fish.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Fish^i2^snutritional va
  topic: keywords
subject: Fish^i2^sprocess
  topic: keywords
subject: Fish^i2^scentesimal composit
  topic: keywords
subject: Chloride^i2^sdetermination in f
  topic: keywords
subject: Fatty acids^i2^sdetermination in f
  topic: keywords
subject: Cholesterol oxides^i2^sdetermination in f
  topic: keywords
creator: Fabiana Rodrigues de Oliveira
creator: Giselda Macena Lira
creator: Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz da Silva Torres
creator: Rosana Aparecida Manólio Soares
creator: Simone Mendonça
creator: Kelly Walkyria Barros da Silva
creator: Sarah Janaína Gurgel Bechtinger Simon
creator: Tatiana Maria Palmeira dos Santos
creator: Cyro Rego Cabral Junior
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 655
ending page: 667
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400012

Spectrophotometric determination of fenoterol hydrobromide in pharmaceutical preparations
type: item
description: A simple spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of fenoterol hydrobromide (FH) in tablets, drops and syrup, as the only active principle and associated with ibuprofen. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of the FH with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and ceric sulphate as oxidant reagent. The mixture of the drug, MBTH and ceric sulfate, in acid medium, produces a red brown color compound, with absorption maximum at 475 nm. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range from 3.0 to 12.0 µg/mL, with correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color compound were carefully studied and optimized. The method was applied successfully to assay FH in dosage forms and simulated samples. The coefficient of variation was from 0.25 % to 0.82 % and average recoveries of the standard from 98 % to 102 %. The excipients (tablets and drops) did not interfere in the analysis and the results showed that method can be used for determination of the FH isolated or associated with ibuprofen with precision, accuracy and specificity. In case of syrup, the interference in the analysis suggests a possible reaction between vehicle components with MBTH.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Fenoterol hydrobromide^i2^sdeterminat
  topic: keywords
subject: 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical forms^i2^sanaly
  topic: keywords
subject: Spectrophotometry^i2^sdrug's analy
  topic: keywords
creator: Maria Lucilia Motinha Zamuner
creator: Regina Celli Espires Carrion
creator: João Fernandes Magalhães
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 645
ending page: 653
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400011

Development and validation of an analytical method for Nystatin vaginal cream by high performance liquid chromatography
type: item
description: Nystatin is a polyenic antibiotic with fungistatic and fungicide characteristics that acts by de-structuring the cellular membrane of fungi and yeast. The nystatin vaginal cream is used for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Until recently, the official compendia professed the microbiological trial for dosing this antibiotic, method considered as non-feasible in the routine of quality control centers due to the excessive time for release of results. Aiming at obtaining an alternative method for dosing nystatin vaginal cream, a chromatographic method (HPLC) was developed and validated. The method developed used a reversible phase column of C18, 3.9 x 150 mm, 4 mm, at 30 ºC. The mobile phase was made up of a 0.25 mM sodium phosphate buffer and 0.025 mM EDTA, pH 6.00, methanol and acetonitrile (40:30:30), rate of 1.0 mL/minute and wavelength of 305 nm. The validated method showed to be accurate, precise, robust, linear and specific, in addition to being fast and practical, able to be used for analytic dosing of nystatin vaginal cream.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Nystatin^i2^sdos
  topic: keywords
subject: High Performance Liquid Chromatography^i2^smethod's validat
  topic: keywords
subject: Analytical method^i2^svalidat
  topic: keywords
creator: Zênia Maria Maciel Lavra
creator: Fabiane Sônego
creator: Rosali Maria Ferreira da Silva
creator: Flávia Patrícia Morais de Medeiros
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 637
ending page: 643
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400010

Medicinal plants used by the population assisted by the "Programa de Saúde da Família" (Family Health Program) in Governador Valadares County - MG, Brazil
type: item
description: This study was conducted to evaluate the use of medicinal plants by the population assisted by the "Programa de Saúde da Família" in Governador Valadares -MG, in order to rescue, preserve and use this knowledge in works carried out with the community. The preestablished questionnaire methodology was used. Those questionnaires were applied by the Family Health Agents. The study was accomplished in 27 residential quarters, as being applied 2454 questionnaires, and 232 plants were mentioned as medicinal ones by the interviewed population. The main indications for using the medicinal plants were: as sedative (10%), against influenza (18%) and infections (9%). Most plants under use are prepared as tea (78%) and are obtained in own cropping (57%). In general, the knowledge on the use and preparation of the medicinal plants proceeded from their relatives (67%). Most mentioned and popularly used species have pharmacological activity already proven in the literature. However, this population needs a correct orientation on their cropping and therapeutic use.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Medicinal plants^i2^s
  topic: keywords
subject: Popular medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytotherapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Beatriz Gonçalves Brasileiro
creator: Virginia Ramos Pizziolo
creator: Danilo Santos Matos
creator: Ana Maria Germano
creator: Claudia Masrouah Jamal
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 629
ending page: 636
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400009

Validation of a UV-spectrophotometric analytical method for the determination of usnic acid in liposomes
type: item
description: The secondary lichen metabolite usnic acid [2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzofuran] has demonstrated pharmacological potential activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory. Liposomes are vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers surrounding aqueous compartments and they have been used as colloidal drug carriers. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a quantitative UV spectrophotometric method for determination of usnic acid in liposomal formulations. The validation parameters were assessed according to The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and American Pharmacopoeia guidelines. The linearity range was of 3-15 µg.mL-1, regression equation: absorbance = 0.070 x UA concentration (µg.mL-1) + 0.013, and r = 0.9997. The repeatability (relative standard deviation) of the method was 1.96% and intermediate precision indicated that the difference among mean was statistically insignificant (P < 0.05). The accuracy revealed a mean percentage recovery of 100.4% of usnic acid. The method was robust for the variation of temperature and solvent. The detection and quantization limits were found to be 0.34 and 1.13 µg.mL-1, respectively. The content of usnic acid in liposomes was of 96.8% (± 0.2). The proposed method is accurate, precise and reproducible for estimation of usnic acid as raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as liposomes.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Usnic acid^i2^sdeterminat
  topic: keywords
subject: Liposomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative analysis^i2^smethod's validat
  topic: keywords
creator: Marigilson Pontes de Siqueira-Moura
creator: Mariane Cajubá Britto Lira
creator: Nereide Stela Santos-Magalhães
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 621
ending page: 628
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400008

Diazepam, in a single dose, inhibits cellular chemotaxis, macrophage stimulation, and TNF-α activity in LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in mice
type: item
description: Benzodiazepines are one of the most frequently prescribed drugs due to their anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diazepam on lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal acute inflammatory responses. Swiss mice were treated with diazepam in a single dose of 1 or 10 mg/kg- subcutaneously 1 h before an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide or sterile saline solution. The mice were killed 16 h after and the cells were washed from the peritoneal cavity to determine the total number of cells and the mononuclear and polimorfonuclear subpopulations, as well as the TNF-alpha activity and percentage of spread macrophages. Our results showed that the diazepam treatment (1 and 10 mg/kg) induced a significant reduction in the LPS-induced macrophage stimulation and TNF-α activity. Diazepam (10 mg/kg) also reduced the inflammatory cellular migration when compared to the control. It can be concluded that the diazepam treatment in a single dose is able to influence the inflammatory cellular influx, macrophage stimulation and TNF-α activity in the acute inflammatory response in mice, having possible implications on the anti-infectious response efficiency.
subject: Original Papers
  topic: section
subject: Diazepam
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipopolysaccharide
  topic: keywords
subject: Acute inflammatory response
  topic: keywords
subject: TNF-&#945
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Cellular migration^i2^sinhibit
  topic: keywords
subject: Macrophages^i2^sstimulat
  topic: keywords
creator: Diana Amaral Monteiro
creator: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
creator: Fábio Gonçalves Pinto
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 613
ending page: 620
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400007

The evolution of pharmaceutical care and the prospect for the Brazil
type: item
description: The Pharmaceutical Care, recent practice of the pharmaceutical activity, prioritizes the orientation and the pharmacotherapeutic follow up, besides direct relation among the pharmacist and the medicine's user. In most developed countries the Pharmaceutical Care is already a reality and has demonstrated efficacy in the reduction of aggravation in the chronical diseases and in the cost of the health system. In Brazil, this activity is still incipient due to the difficulty of access to the medicines by the users of the Health System, absence of pharmacists in the Basic Units of Health and absence of scientific documentation that may demonstrate to the managers of the public and private system of Health that the implementation of Pharmaceutical Care represent investment and not cost. However, for being a new activity of the pharmacist, it is demanding that the pharmaceutical education institutions promote the necessary adaptations, providing the formal knowledge for the practice of this activity. This paper discuss the Pharmaceutical Care in countries that present more evolution in your desenvelopment according with MedLine/Pubmed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed). This article compared the difficulties of the Brazil and others countries for the implantation of Pharmaceutical Care and the prospect for the future.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: Pharmaceutical Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical Attendance
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicines^i2^srational
  topic: keywords
creator: Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
creator: Osvaldo de Freitas
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 601
ending page: 612
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400006

A review on metallo-β-lactamases
type: item
description: The emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance are problems of great importance worldwide, particularly between nosocomial pathogens of clinical importance such as nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The main mechanism of resistance these pathogens is the production of β-lactamases, which are enzymes that hydrolyzing the ring β-lactam hindering the action of antimicrobial β-lactam. The β- lactamases were classified into four classes of according its primary structure and may also be classified in two groups based on their catalytic mechanism, that is, serine-β-lactamases (Classes A, C and D) e metallo-β-lactamases (Class B). The metallo-β-lactamases (MβL) using ions divalentes, commonly zinc, as co-factor for its catalytic activity and currently represent one the most important class of enzymes, due of their ability to hydrolyze all antimicrobial β-lactam, including carbapenens, which are used in the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria multidrug-resistant and to remain stable before the serine-β-lactamases. The detection of samples producing of MβL helps infection control practioners to prevent the dissemination of this mechanism of resistance in the nosocomial environment and to prevent it come to the community, and emphasize the rational use of antimicrobial currently available for clinical use, since there are few investments in the pharmaceutical industry in search of new antimicrobial agents.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: &#946
  topic: keywords
subject: -lactamases
  topic: keywords
subject: Metallo-&#946
  topic: keywords
subject: Gram negative bacilli^i2^sresista
  topic: keywords
creator: Claudia de Mello Bertoncheli
creator: Rosmari Hörner
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 577
ending page: 599
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400005

Current aspects of branched chain amino acid and exercise
type: item
description: In healthy humans, nine amino acids are considered to be essential once they cannot be endogenously synthesised and must therefore be ingested in the diet. Amongst the essential amino acids are the three branched chain amino acids, namely, leucine, valine and isoleucine. These amino acids participate in the regulation of protein balance in addition to being nitrogen sources for the synthesis of alanine and glutamine. As to the regulation of muscle protein synthesis, leucine acts in the stimulation of initiation of mRNA translation into protein, both through mechanisms that are dependent and independent of insulin. In the physiology of physical exercise, these branched amino acids play a role in central fatigue hypothesis, in muscle protein balance, in the secretion of insulin, in the modulation of the immune response, in performance enhancement of individuals who work out in hot environments, and in avoiding muscle lesion. This review approaches all aspects of the metabolism of and supplementation with branched chain amino acids in physical exercise.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: Branched chain amino acids
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Central fatigue
  topic: keywords
subject: Immune response
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle lesion
  topic: keywords
subject: Protein synthesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Marcelo Macedo Rogero
creator: Julio Tirapegui
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 563
ending page: 575
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400004

Growth hormone and physical exercise: current considerations
type: item
description: Although growth hormone (GH) is one of the most extensively studied hormones, various aspects related to this hormone have not been completely established, including its relationship with physical exercise. Recent studies have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of GH, which can be divided into 1) direct actions mediated by intracellular signals that are triggered by the binding of GH to its receptor on the plasma membrane, and 2) indirect actions mediated mainly by the regulation of the synthesis of insulin-like growth factors (IGF). Physical exercise has been shown to be a potent stimulator of GH release, especially in young men and women. The magnitude of this increase is influenced by several factors, especially the intensity and volume of exercise, in addition to training status. In this respect, athletes normally present a lower exercise-induced GH release than sedentary or poorly trained individuals. Experimental evidence indicates that GH may 1) favor the mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue for energy generation, 2) increase the capacity of fat oxidation, and 3) increase energy expenditure.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: Hormones
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth Hormone
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Protein anabolism
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipid metabolism
  topic: keywords
creator: Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat
creator: José Donato Júnior
creator: Julio Tirapegui
creator: Claudia Dornelles Schneider
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 549
ending page: 562
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400003

Mucoadhesion studies in the gastrointestinal tract to increase oral drug bioavailability
type: item
description: The oral bioavailability of many drugs can be limited by the residence time of pharmaceutical dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract. Mucoadhesion has been proposed as a method to increase residence time at a specific area, hence increasing the therapeutic effect of drugs. Most research efforts on mucoadhesion have focused on the stomach and small intestine, with promising results observed from in in vitro studies. However, γ-scintigraphy data obtained in human studies have revealed the lack of success of mucoadhesion approaches in order to increase the contact time of formulations in the upper gut. The lack of in vitro/in vivo correlation can be attributed to the complex nature of the human gastrointestinal tract, with most in vitro models providing little resemblance to the in vivo situation, such as motility, pH, mucus thickness and mucus turnover, presence of enzymes and food. In the colon, the mucus turnover, the sensibility to mucus secretory stimulus and motility are lower than in the stomach and small intestine. Therefore, colonic mucoadhesion may be a more successful approach. Nevertheless, more studies in animals and humans are needed to evaluate its potential, as well as, pharmacokinetic studies to investigate drug release and absorption from mucoadhesive systems.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: Drugs^i2^soral bioavailabil
  topic: keywords
subject: Mucoadhesion^i2^sin vitro and in vivo stud
  topic: keywords
subject: Gastrointestinal tract^i2^smucoadhesion st
  topic: keywords
subject: Drugs^i2^sabsort
  topic: keywords
creator: Felipe Oliveira Varum
creator: Abdul Waseh Basit
creator: João Sousa
creator: Francisco Veiga
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: 535
ending page: 548
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400002

Editorial
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Elizabeth Igne Ferreira
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-12-01
publication date: 2008-12-01
starting page: i
ending page: ii
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000400001

Biomarker methods in drug discovery and development
type: item
subject: New Publications
  topic: section
creator: Carlota Oliveira Rangel Yagui
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-09-01
publication date: 2008-09-01
starting page: 533
ending page: 533
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000300029

The nutritional biochemistry of chromium (III)
type: item
subject: New Publications
  topic: section
creator: Julio Tirapegui
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-09-01
publication date: 2008-09-01
starting page: 532
ending page: 532
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000300028

Modelling micoorganisms in food
type: item
subject: New Publications
  topic: section
creator: Mariza Landgraf
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-09-01
publication date: 2008-09-01
starting page: 532
ending page: 532
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000300027

Principles of molecular oncology
type: item
subject: New Publications
  topic: section
creator: Moacyr Aizenstein
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-09-01
publication date: 2008-09-01
starting page: 531
ending page: 532
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000300026

Structural proteomics: high-throughput methods
type: item
subject: New Publications
  topic: section
creator: Carlota Oliveira Rangel Yagui
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2008-09-01
publication date: 2008-09-01
starting page: 531
ending page: 531
doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322008000300025