Anxiety levels between physically active and sedentary individuals in pandemia COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.2026e40186675Keywords:
Sport Psychology, Physical activity, Mental health, Physical healthAbstract
COVID-19 pandemic containment measures can change healthy practices. The aim, therefore, was to verify whether there is a relationship between levels of physical activity and anxiety in adult individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil. 268 people participated (173 women) with an average age of 31.12 years (SD = 10.69). A sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version and Beck's Anxiety Inventory were applied. The level of physical activity was inversely proportional to the level of anxiety. The majority (60.8%) of the individuals had higher levels of physical activity, and lower levels of anxiety (67.6%). Even so, the majority of participants (61.2%) showed a reduction in physical activity levels and an increase in anxiety levels before the pandemic stops during the pandemic. Higher levels of physical activity were detected in men, while higher levels of anxiety were associated with women.
Downloads
References
1. Zhu N, Zhang, Wang, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, N Engl J Med. 2020. 2020;382(8):727-33.
2. Albuquerque NLS, Pedrosa NL, Albuquerque IS. Evolução de casos confirmados de COVID-19 em quatro países com transmissão comunitária da doença. Com Ciênc Saúde. 2020;31:105-15.
3. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation [Internet]. Genebra: World Health Organization; 2019 [citado 07 jun. 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Stuation Report - 51 [Internet]. Genebra: World Health Organization; 2020 [citado 04 jun. 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf.
5. Oliveira WK, Duarte E, França GVA, Garcia LP. Como o Brasil pode deter a COVID-19. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2020;29(2):e2020044.
6. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 454, de 20 de março de 2020. Declara, em todo o território nacional, o estado de transmissão comunitária do coronavírus (covid-19). Diário Oficial da União. 20 mar. 2020 [citado 04 jun. 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/portaria/prt454-20-ms.htm.
7. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 188, de 3 de fevereiro de 2020. Declara Emergência em Saúde Pública de importância Nacional (ESPIN) em decorrência da Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV). Diário Oficial da União. 04 fev. 2020 [citado 04 jun. 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/portaria/portaria-188-20-ms.htm.
8. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. Genebra: World Health Organization [citado 22 mar. 2021]. Disponível em: https://covid19.who.int/.
9. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neil N, et al. Corrigendum: “World Health Organization declares Global Emergency: A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)”. Int J Surg. 2020;77:71-6.
10. Freitas ARR, Napimoga M, Donalisio MR. Análise da gravidade da pandemia de Covid-19. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2020;29(2):e2020119.
11. Tuñas ITC, Silva ET, Santiago SBS, Maia KD, Silva-Júnior GO. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Preventive Approach to Dentistry. Rev Bras Odontol. 2020;77:1-6.
12. Garcia LP, Duarte E. Intervenções não farmacológicas para o enfrentamento à epidemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2020;29(2):e2020222.
13. Wilder-Smith A, Freedman DO. Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: Pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. J Travel Med. 2020;27(2):1-4.
14. Brasil. Lei nº 13.979, de 6 de fevereiro de 2020. Dispõe sobre as medidas para enfrentamento da emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional decorrente do coronavírus responsável pelo surto de 2019. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília (07 fev. 2020) [citado 04 jun. 2020]. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2020/lei/L13979.htm.
15. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 356, de 11 de março de 2020. Dispõe sobre a regulamentação e operacionalização do disposto na Lei nº 13.979, de 6 de fevereiro de 2020, que estabelece as medidas para enfrentamento da emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional decorrente do coronavírus (COVID-19). Diário Oficial da União. 12 mar. 2020 [citado 04 jun. 2020]. Disponível em: http://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/portaria-n-356-de-11-de-marco-de-2020-247538346.
16. Schmidt B, Crepaldi MA, Bolze SDA, Neiva-Silva L, Demenech LM. Impactos na Saúde Mental e Intervenções Psicológicas Diante da Pandemia do Novo Coronavírus (COVID-19). Estud Psicol. 2020;37:e200063. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200063.
17. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020;36(4):e00054020.
18. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-20.
19. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
20. Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of covid-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):2032.
21. Maia BR, Dias PC. Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: The impact of COVID-19. Estud Psicol. 2020;37:1-8.
22. Stanczykiewicz B, Banik A, Knoll N, et al. Sedentary behaviors and anxiety among children, adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):459.
23. Carek PJ, Laibstain SE, Carek SM. Exercise for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2011;41(1):15-28.
24. Maugeri G, Castrogiovanni P, Battaglia G. The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon. 2020;6(6):e04315.
25. Pieh C, Budimir S, Probst T. The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. J Psychosom Res. 2020;136:110186.
26. Alsharji KE. Anxiety and depression during the covid-19 pandemic in kuwait: the importance of physical activity. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2020;27(1):4-11.
27. Souza Filho BAB, Tritany EF. COVID-19: the importance of new technologies for physical activity as a public health strategy. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020;36(5):e00054420.
28. Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harper P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): the need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;9:103-4.
29. Costa CLA, Costa TM, Barbosa Filho VC, Bandeira PFR, Siqueira RCL. Influência do distanciamento social no nível de atividade física durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Rev Bras Ativ Fís Saúde. 2020;25:1-6.
30. Crochemore-Silva I, Knuth AG, Wendt A, et al. Physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cross-sectional study in a city of south Brazil. Cienc Saúde Colet. 2020;25(11):4249-58.
31. Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: special focus in older people. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(3):386-88.
32. Fontelles MJ, Simões MG, Farias SH, Fontelles RGS. Metodologia da pesquisa científica: diretrizes para a elaboração de um protocolo de pesquisa. Rev Para Med. 2009;23(3):1-8.
33. Matsudo S, Araújo T, Matsudo V, et al. Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ): estudo de validade e reprodutibilidade no Brasil. Rev Bras Ativ Fís Saúde. 2001;6(2):5-12.
34. Silva GSF, Begamaschine R, Rosa M, Melo C, Miranda R, Bara Filho M. Avaliação do nível de atividade física de estudantes de graduação das áreas saúde/biológica. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2007;13(1):39-42.
35. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893-7.
36. Cunha JA. Manual da versão em português das escalas Beck. São Paulo: Casa do psicólogo; 2001.
37. Karino CA, Laros JA. Ansiedade em situações de prova: evidências de validade de duas escalas. Psico-USF. 2014;19(1):23-36.
38. Costa DS, Medeiros NSB, Cordeiro RA, Frutuoso ES, Lopes JM, Moreira SN. Sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em estudantes de medicina e estratégias institucionais de enfrentamento. Rev Bras Educ Med. 2020;44(1):1-10.
39. Dancey CP, Reidy J. Estatística sem matemática para Psicologia. Porto Alegre: Penso; 2013.
40. Machado WL, Vissoci J, Epskamp S. Análise de rede aplicada à psicometria e à avaliação psicológica. In Hutz CM, Bandeira DR, Trentini CM, organizadores. Psicometria. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2015. p. 125-46.
41. Bardin, L. Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: edições 70; 2011.
42. Luo Y, Lan P, Lin Y, Zhang P, Ma X. Effect of physical activity on anxiety and depression in COVID-19 adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience. 2024;27(10):110844.
43. Marconcin P, Werneck AO, Peralta M, Ihle A, Gouveia ER, Ferrari G, Sarmento H, Marques A. The association between physical activity and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):209.
44. Nindenshuti PM, Caire-Juvera G. Changes in Diet, Physical Activity, Alcohol Consumption, and Tobacco Use in Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Inquiry: J Health Care Org, Prov, Financ. 2023;60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231175780.
45. Kindred R, Bates GW. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Anxiety: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2362. doi:10.3390/ijerph20032362.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Brazilian journal of physical education and sport
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Todo o conteúdo da revista, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons (CC-BY)
