Comportamiento de variables perceptuales durante 8 semanas de Brain Endurance Training con corredores recreativos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.2026e40233247Palabras clave:
Carrera, Percepción, Esfuerzo, Tarea visomotoraResumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el comportamiento de variables perceptuales a lo largo de 8 semanas de entrenamiento de Brain Endurance Training (BET). Se trata de un estudio experimental aleatorizado controlado con grupos paralelos y medidas repetidas. Participaron en el estudio 25 corredores recreativos de ambos sexos (edad: 26,2±3,4; peso: 74,6±13,8; estatura: 1,71±0,1), quienes realizaron 24 sesiones de entrenamiento a lo largo de ocho semanas, siendo un grupo BET (entrenamiento de resistencia + entrenamiento cognitivo; n=14) y otro únicamente de resistencia (END) (n=11). La aleatorización fue por bloques y estratificada por sexo. Los entrenamientos tuvieron una duración de 30 minutos, divididos en 3 bloques de 10 minutos, con un intervalo de 1 minuto entre bloques, recolectándose las variables perceptuales (percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo, fatiga mental y sensación de placer/displacer) al final de cada bloque. La velocidad de carrera fue individualizada, basada en la prueba incremental máxima. El grupo BET realizó una tarea visomotora utilizando luces LED mientras corría en la cinta de correr. Se utilizó el modelo general mixto (General Mixed Model, GMM) para el análisis estadístico. Los resultados señalaron diferentes comportamientos en la percepción de esfuerzo, fatiga mental y placer/displacer entre los grupos. El análisis post hoc indicó diferencias significativas en el aumento de la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo entre la 1ª y la 7ª semanas (p=0,019) y entre la 1ª y la 8ª semanas (p=0,001) cuando se analizó únicamente el grupo END. Por otro lado, la fatiga mental fue menor en el grupo BET entre la 7ª y la 8ª semanas de entrenamiento (p<0,05). Se concluye que el grupo BET logra mantener las respuestas perceptuales a lo largo de un programa de entrenamiento, mientras que entrenar solo END causa un aumento en la sensación de esfuerzo, fatiga mental y una mayor sensación de displacer.
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