Fernanda Finotti Cordeiro Perobelli
Given that equity crowdfunding has grown significantly in Brazil and that this market has been frequently sought by startups as an alternative to scarce credit, this study investigated the elements that determine the success of their financing campaigns. The article fills the gap related to the absence of studies analyzing the probability and time of success of startup financing. In Brazil, the research on this is still in its infancy and there has been little discussion regarding what can determine the success of this type of financing. The findings presented here provide managerial contributions for different stakeholders, ranging from platform managers and entrepreneurs to the ordinary citizen, who ultimately acts as an inducer of change in society, without the need for financial intermediaries. The discussion around the elements that influence the success of startup financing has revealed that the characteristics of the venture profile have been able to determine the success of the financing. This information applied to the dynamic of resource allocation in this market can generate more financial efficiency for private agents as an investment performance parameter and, for public agents, as an input for monitoring. The logistic regression with marginal effects and a dummy for time fixed effects were used. The time of success analysis was carried out via survival models. The sample covers 99 startup financing campaigns from 2014 to 2017. The study identified that the financial goal, the venture category, advisor participation, the campaign duration, and the type of equity offered to the investor positively affect both the probability and speed of success of the startup financing. Its contribution lies in the use of these findings to formulate strategies geared toward estimating success, which enable an appropriate allocation of financial resources.
Micro and small businesses have faced certain difficulties in obtaining financing (
In light of this, innovative companies, focused on the intensive use of technology and with accelerated growth potential, have managed to change the current scenario of credit constraints (
Crowdfunding can be understood as the raising of small amounts from many financial backers, captured through the internet, without a traditional financial intermediary (
According to the
With the intention of contributing to the barely explored literature on the success of startup financing via ECF (
With relation to what has been produced in Brazil on this topic, the number of studies on the crowdfunding market is still quite small and a large portion of these focus only on reward-based crowdfunding. For example, there is the work of
These studies reinforce the perception that the focus of the academic investigations, at least on the Brazilian level, still lies in the reward-based crowdfunding market, perhaps because of the difficulty of obtaining data (
According to
According to
The financial relationships established in the ECF market can be interpreted as being bilateral (
Another relevant factor regarding the ECF market is the risk element (
The ECF platform acts as an intermediary agent, enabling entrepreneurs and investors to exchange information about prices and offers, in order to overcome information asymmetries and minimize financial transaction costs (
According to
The reduction in uncertainty through the signals of venture quality and diffusion of financial information has increased the volume of investments made in ECF (
H1: the value defined as the financial objective (goal) of ECF ventures has a positive influence over the success of their financing campaigns.
In the literature on crowdfunding, there is a varied set of ventures undertaken in this business type, whose sizes and characteristics make them unique and mean the collective financing market is flexible and adaptable to different economies (
H2: the category the ECF venture forms part of has an influence over the chance of success of its financing campaign.
According to
H3: the advisor’s participation in ECF ventures has a positive influence over the success of their financing campaigns.
H4: the duration of the ECF venture has a positive influence over the success of its financing campaign.
The dataset used in this research was provided by the first ECF platform in Brazil, Kria - Agente de Estruturação Ltda. (
Kria is the biggest Brazilian platform for startup financing, operationalizing more than R$ 31 million in financing (
The data provided for this study contemplate the general attributes linked to the profile of the ventures managed by the platform. These attributes refer to the financial goal of the ventures, the venture category, the presence of an advisor (qualified investor, that is, anyone who has had previous experience in the investments market) in the venture, the duration of the venture, the entrepreneur’s gender (
According to the Kria platform (
The variables used in this study (
The success of the ventures was treated as a dummy variable, in which the value 1 was attributed when the financing campaign of a particular project achieved at least two-thirds of the fundraising goal in confirmed investments; otherwise the value 0 was set. We used exactly the same strategy for classifying success of the campaigns (raising at least two-thirds of the financing goal) that the Kria platform adopted in the periods considered in this study.
With relation to the variables treated as venture profile, the following were used: the financial goal (logarithmized); the venture category (dummy = 1 for product; 0 for service); the presence of an advisor in the campaign of the venture (dummy = 1 for yes; 0 for no); and the duration of the campaign (number of days of fundraising). The variables used as a control were the entrepreneur’s gender (dummy = 1 if the entrepreneur’s gender is male; 0 for female); the stage of the venture (dummy = 1 if the stage of the ECF venture is active billing; 0 for pre-billing); the type of equity (dummy = 1 if the venture is pre-established equity; 0 for variable equity); and the led financing round (dummy = 1 if the venture had a leader investor’s participation; 0 otherwise).
Source:
Obs. (n)
Mean
Standard deviation
Min.
Max.
Description of the variable
Success
99
0.46
0.50
0
1
Dummy = 1 if the venture achieved success (fundraising greater than two-thirds of the financial goal); 0 otherwise.
Lgoal‡
99
5.34
0.78
3.91
7.29
Category
99
0.53
0.50
0
1
Dummy = 1 if the ECF venture offers a product; 0 for a service.
Advisor§
99
0.65
0.47
0
1
Dummy = 1 if the ECF venture has an advisor's participation; 0 otherwise.
Duration
99
88.23
51.72
4
197
Duration in days of the ECF venture campaigns.
GEnt
99
0.73
0.44
0
1
Dummy = 1 if the entrepreneur's (startup owner's) gender is male; 0 for female.
Stage
99
0.55
0.49
0
1
Dummy = 1 if the stage of the ECF venture is active billing; 0 for pre-billing.
Tequity
99
0.47
0.50
0
1
Dummy = 1 if the venture is pre-established equity; 0 for variable equity.
Rleader
99
0.68
0.46
0
1
Dummy = 1 if the ECF venture presented a led round (by an angel investor, investment funds, or syndicate that invests in startups); 0 otherwise.
Source:
Success
Obs. (n)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Min.
Max.
Failure
Obs. (n)
Mean
Standard Deviation
Min.
Max.
Lgoal‡
46
5.50
0.81
4.14
7.29
Lgoal‡
53
5.19
0.73
3.91
6.65
-1.97**
Category
46
0.47
0.50
0
1
Category
53
0.58
0.49
0
1
1.05
Advisor
46
0.80
0.40
0
1
Advisor
53
0.52
0.50
0
1
-3.03***
Duration
46
95.82
47.43
25
197
Duration
53
81.64
54.76
4
171
-1.38
GEnt
46
0.76
0.43
0
1
GEnt
53
0.71
0.45
0
1
0.49
Stage
46
0.56
0.50
0
1
Stage
53
0.54
0.50
0
1
-0.17
Tequity
46
0.52
0.50
0
1
Tequity
53
0.43
0.50
0
1
-0.86
Rleader
46
0.67
0.47
0
1
Rleader
53
0.69
0.46
0
1
0.25
Source:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
VIF
1. Success
1
2. Lgoal
0.199
**
1
1.10
3. Category
-0.107
0.059
1
1.30
4. Advisor
0.290
**
0.059
0.094
1
1.08
5. Duration
0.138
0.019
0.087
0.089
1
1.29
6. GEnt
0.050
-0.118
-0.326
**
-0.142
0.006
1
1.18
7. Stage
0.018
0.056
-0.059
-0.176
-0.113
0.021
1
1.27
8. Tequity
0.088
-0.104
0.156
-0.037
-0.412
**
-0.076
-0.045
1
1.36
9. Rleader
-0.026
-0.016
-0.061
-0.030
-0.124
0.092
0.404
**
0.031
1.23
It is possible to observe, through estimated models in
Hypothesis H2, which relates to the categories of ECF campaigns, whether financing projects for products or services, was also not rejected; that is, the variable of interest obtained a significant and positive parameter (β2 = 0.331; p < 0.01). Ventures that were related to the creation of a product presented a higher probability of success compared to those that were linked to services. This evidence may reveal the preference of consumers in the ECF market for businesses that presented main activities linked to products; that is, the tangibility factor (
Note:
Source:
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
Model 5
Venture profile
Lgoal
0.147*
0.152**
0.145*
0.164**
(0.083)
(0.076)
(0.080)
(0.086)
Category
0.306***
0.273**
0.255**
0.331***
(0.127)
(0.119)
(0.124)
(0.133)
Advisor
0.384***
0.361***
0.373***
0.392***
(0.107)
(0.109)
(0.103)
(0.109)
Duration
0.003**
0.002*
0.003**
0.003***
(0.002)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.002)
GEnt
0.020
0.155
0.004
0.072
0.039
(0.140)
(0.120)
(0.146)
(0.134)
(0.149)
Stage
0.143
0.133
0.037
0.082
0.126
(0.134)
(0.139)
(0.120)
(0.136)
(0.138)
Tequity
0.328***
0.282**
0.322***
0.235**
0.377***
(0.127)
(0.132)
(0.117)
(0.120)
(0.138)
Rleader
-0.092
-0.067
-0.036
-0.082
-0.085
(0.140)
(0.134)
(0.131)
(0.143)
(0.135)
Fixed effects
Year
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
McF.Adj R2
19%
17%
17%
14%
22%
AIC
133.307
135.128
140.377
134.379
131.137
BIC
161.853
163.674
168.923
162.925
162.278
N
99
99
99
99
99
Hypothesis H3, in turn, was supported, given that the variable advisor (participation of a qualified investor) in the ECF venture campaign showed a significant and positive association with the chance of campaign success (β3= 0.392; p
The duration of the financing campaign of ECF ventures was also revealed to be equally important in terms of the probability of obtaining success. This variable presented a significant and positive parameter (β4= 0.003; p < 0.01); that is, the number of days over which the ECF venture engages in raising financial resources is relevant for it obtaining success. Campaigns with more days of exposure (fundraising time) tend to be more successful than others with shorter exposure periods. This finding is in line with the studies by
After testing the hypotheses presented by the study, we sought to study the effect of the control variables over the success of ECF ventures. Thus, the control variables
However, the histogram also showed that many ventures that do not obtain success in the first 50 days of their campaigns tend to achieve their financial goals only when they reach around the 150th day. It is also observed that ventures that present campaigns longer than 150 days tend to be failures.
In total, of the 99 ventures analyzed in this study, 46 were capable of obtaining success in their ECF financing campaigns. The average time of existence of a project until obtaining success is more than 88 days, with the fastest financing campaign being four days and the longest one being 197 days. The campaign that took 197 days was not developed in the period when the CVM regulated the maximum timeframe of 180 days (CVM instruction 588); it concerns a campaign undertaken in 2015, which obtained a longer timeframe so that it could complete its funding process. In contrast, the campaign that lasted only four days was taken down as it was not in compliance with the financing rules that the Kria platform adopted in 2016.
The risk function, presented in
These models enabled the use of dependent covariables of the success time of the observed data. Moreover, this specification and the censoring technique used by the survival models should help in controlling individual characteristics of the set of observations and in understanding the entry and exit dynamic of individuals in the failure events (conventional term in the statistic). Failure in the survival models was treated here as the closure of the ECF campaigns, that is, based on a particular venture obtaining success.
Note:
Source:
Models
Cox
Weibull
Gompertz
Venture profile
Lgoal
1.622**
0.631**
0.732**
(0.373)
(0.373)
(0.401)
Category
1.640*
0.573*
0.601*
(0.206)
(0.181)
(0.191)
Advisor
1.763*
0.920*
0.905*
(0.690)
(0.749)
(0.744)
GEnt
1.523
0.391
0.551
(0.620)
(0.543)
(0.620)
Stage
1.448
0.504
0.412
(0.574)
(0.591)
(0.558)
Tequity
1.845**
0.209***
0.238***
(0.967)
(1.070)
(1.101)
Rleader
1.038
0.015
0.082
(0.430)
(0.414)
(0.449)
AIC
317.407
128.015
129.156
BIC
335.573
151.371
152.512
n
46
46
46
Unlike the Cox proportional-hazards (PH) metric, the Weibull and Gompertz models, estimated in
The venture category was also revealed to be significant for the time of success of the ECF campaigns. The ventures that were linked to products presented up to 43% faster success than those that involved services (Weibull model). This finding must reveal the preference of investors for depositing their financial resources in startups linked to the creation of products when compared to services.
ECF ventures that presented an advisor in their financing campaigns tend to obtain success up to 8% more quickly (Weibull model) during their fundraising period. This reinforces the suppositions found by the logit modeling in the previous section and corroborates the defense of the argument that the presence of more qualified (experienced) investors in ECF ventures can both increase their probability of success and accelerate the time taken until success.
With relation to the controls tested, to the entrepreneur’s gender, to the stage of the venture, and to the led round, these were not significant in accelerating or reducing the time taken until campaign success. In contrast, the type of equity offered to the investors was revealed to be capable of influencing the time taken for the ventures to obtain success. Businesses that offered pre-established equity presented almost 79% more instantaneous chances of success (Weinbull model) than the other ventures that offered variable financial equity.
In this study, we examined the elements linked to the general characteristics of the ventures of one of the biggest ECF platforms in Brazil that have an influence over the success of the startup financing campaigns.
The general results of the research indicate that the financial goal of the ventures, the category these ventures form part of, the participation of experienced investors during the fundraising process, the duration of the campaigns (number of days that the venture remains online), and the type of equity offered to investors can together have an impact on the probability of success of the campaigns of ventures seeking ECF financing. Moreover, the additional analyses carried out enable the understanding that such elements are also capable of accelerating the time taken for the campaign to obtain success.
Ventures with higher financial goals presented more chances of success and a more accelerated time of success in relation to the rest. This must occur because the greater the funds raised for the venture, the more equity will be offered in exchange for the investment. Businesses that were linked to the development of products, and not services, presented more chances of success, and more accelerated success when compared to the rest. The participation of an advisor, that is, of a qualified investor, was also revealed to be an essential element for the success of the ECF campaigns analyzed, regarding both the probability and the time of success.
Campaigns that engage in fundraising over a longer time period can have more chances of success, such as campaigns over 50, 100, and 150 days. Finally, businesses that offered pre-established equity showed a higher probability of success, and quicker success in relation to businesses that reserved variable equity for investors.
In light of the above, it is believed that this study contributes with new information regarding the dynamic of the success of ventures financed via ECF. Based on the logit modeling (probability of success) and the survival analysis (time taken until success), it was possible to understand how the elements linked to the profile of the startups can influence the success of their campaigns. Via the empirical results found, it can be concluded that the allocation of financial resources in the ECF market must be sensitive to the general attributes of the startup financing campaign itself.
The findings revealed here should play an important role in the decision making of future entrepreneurs and investors in the ECF market, in that, by knowing the characteristics of startup financing campaigns, the investor can best choose the campaigns with more chances of success, that is, those that will be able to pay them back the capital invested. In contrast, this information can be used by entrepreneurs to develop more attractive strategies, which can be used to attract investors to their businesses.
The design of this research imposes limitations on the study, which may restrict generalizations of the results obtained. A number of aspects warranting attention can be mentioned: (i) the study is limited to the Brazilian context; (ii) the moment in which the data were collected may produce specific behaviors of the variables observed. Moreover, studies regarding ECF are relevant as they help in understanding new economic relationships and alternative financing models, which seek to solve problems of scarce credit for recently-created micro and small businesses (
For future studies, we highlight the possibility of investigating the impact of the (recent) CVM legislation over the ECF market, e.g., models of the natural experiment type and DID (difference-in-differences) models, or even other success metrics (
Fernanda Finotti Cordeiro Perobelli
Tendo em vista que o
As micro e pequenas empresas têm enfrentado certa dificuldade para conseguir financiamento (
Diante disso, empresas inovadoras, com foco em utilização intensiva de tecnologia e com potencial de crescimento acelerado têm conseguido mudar o atual cenário de restrição ao crédito (
O
Segundo o relatório de
Com a intenção de contribuir para a literatura ainda pouco explorada sobre o sucesso do financiamento de
Com relação ao que tem sido produzido no Brasil acerca dessa temática, o número de pesquisas sobre o mercado de
Tais estudos reforçam a percepção de que o foco da investigação acadêmica, pelo menos em nível de Brasil, ainda é no mercado de
De acordo com
De acordo com
As relações financeiras estabelecidas no mercado de ECF podem ser interpretadas como bilaterais (
Outro fator relevante sobre o mercado de ECF é o elemento risco (
A plataforma de ECF atua como agente intermediário, permitindo que os empreendedores e investidores troquem informações sobre preços e ofertas, a fim de superar as assimetrias de informação e minimizar os custos das transações financeiras (
De acordo com
A redução da incerteza por meio dos sinais de qualidade dos empreendimentos e de dispersão de informações financeiras tem aumentado o volume dos investimentos realizados no ECF (
H1: o valor definido como objetivo financeiro (meta) dos empreendimentos de ECF exerce influência positiva sobre o sucesso da sua campanha de financiamento.
Na literatura sobre
H2: a categoria em que o empreendimento de ECF está inserido exerce influência sobre a chance de sucesso de sua campanha de financiamento.
De acordo com
H3: a participação de
H4: a duração do empreendimento de ECF exerce influência positiva sobre o sucesso da sua campanha de financiamento.
O conjunto de dados utilizados na presente pesquisa foi cedido pela primeira plataforma de ECF do Brasil, a Kria - Agente de Estruturação Ltda. (
A Kria é a maior plataforma brasileira para financiamento de
Os dados fornecidos para este trabalho contemplam os atributos gerais ligados ao perfil dos empreendimentos gerenciados pela plataforma. Esses atributos referem-se à meta financeira dos empreendimentos, categoria dos empreendimentos, presença de
De acordo com a plataforma
As variáveis utilizadas neste estudo (
O sucesso dos empreendimentos foi tratado como uma variável
Com relação às variáveis tratadas como perfil dos empreendimentos, utilizaram-se: a meta financeira (logaritmizada); a categoria dos empreendimentos (
Fonte:
Obs. (n)
Média
Desvio padrão
Mín.
Máx.
Descrição da variável
Sucesso
99
0,46
0,50
0
1
Lmeta‡
99
5,34
0,78
3,91
7,29
Categoria
99
0,53
0,50
0
1
Advisor§
99
0,65
0,47
0
1
Duração
99
88,23
51,72
4
197
Duração em dias das campanhas dos empreendimentos de ECF.
GEmp
99
0,73
0,44
0
1
Estágio
99
0,55
0,49
0
1
Tparticip
99
0,47
0,50
0
1
Rlider
99
0,68
0,46
0
1
Fonte:
Sucesso
Obs. (n)
Média
Desvio padrão
Mín.
Máx.
Fracasso
Obs. (n)
Média
Desvio padrão
Mín.
Máx.
Lmeta‡
46
5,50
0,81
4,14
7,29
Lmeta‡
53
5,19
0,73
3,91
6,65
-1,97**
Categoria
46
0,47
0,50
0
1
Categoria
53
0,58
0,49
0
1
1,05
Advisor
46
0,80
0,40
0
1
Advisor
53
0,52
0,50
0
1
-3,03***
Duração
46
95,82
47,43
25
197
Duração
53
81,64
54,76
4
171
-1,38
GEmp
46
0,76
0,43
0
1
GEmp
53
0,71
0,45
0
1
0,49
Estágio
46
0,56
0,50
0
1
Estágio
53
0,54
0,50
0
1
-0,17
Tparticip
46
0,52
0,50
0
1
Tparticip
53
0,43
0,50
0
1
-0,86
Rlider
46
0,67
0,47
0
1
Rlider
53
0,69
0,46
0
1
0,25
Fonte:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
VIF
1. Sucesso
1
2. Lmeta
0,199
**
1
1,10
3. Categoria
-0,107
0,059
1
1,30
4. Advisor
0,290
**
0,059
0,094
1
1,08
5. Duração
0,138
0,019
0,087
0,089
1
1,29
6. GEmp
0,050
-0,118
-0,326
**
-0,142
0,006
1
1,18
7. Estágio
0,018
0,056
-0,059
-0,176
-0,113
0,021
1
1,27
8. Tparticip
0,088
-0,104
0,156
-0,037
-0,412
**
-0,076
-0,045
1
1,36
9. Rlider
-0,026
-0,016
-0,061
-0,030
-0,124
0,092
0,404
**
0,031
1,23
É possível observar, mediante modelos estimados na
A hipótese H2 referente às categorias das campanhas de ECF, sejam os projetos de financiamento de produtos ou serviços, também não foi rejeitada, ou seja, a variável de interesse obteve parâmetro significante e positivo (β2 = 0,331; p < 0,01). Empreendimentos que estavam relacionados à criação de um produto apresentaram maior probabilidade de sucesso face aos que estavam ligados a serviços. Tal evidência pode revelar a preferência dos consumidores do mercado de ECF por negócios que apresentam atividades-fim ligadas a produtos, isto é, de alguma forma o fator tangibilidade (
Nota:
Fonte:
Modelo 1
Modelo 2
Modelo 3
Modelo 4
Modelo 5
Perfil dos empreendimentos
Lmeta
0,147*
0,152**
0,145*
0,164**
(0,083)
(0,076)
(0,080)
(0,086)
Categoria
0,306***
0,273**
0,255**
0,331***
(0,127)
(0,119)
(0,124)
(0,133)
0,384***
0,361***
0,373***
0,392***
(0,107)
(0,109)
(0,103)
(0,109)
Duração
0,003**
0,002*
0,003**
0,003***
(0,002)
(0,001)
(0,001)
(0,002)
GEmp
0,020
0,155
0,004
0,072
0,039
(0,140)
(0,120)
(0,146)
(0,134)
(0,149)
Estágio
0,143
0,133
0,037
0,082
0,126
(0,134)
(0,139)
(0,120)
(0,136)
(0,138)
Tparticip
0,328***
0,282**
0,322***
0,235**
0,377***
(0,127)
(0,132)
(0,117)
(0,120)
(0,138)
Rlider
-0,092
-0,067
-0,036
-0,082
-0,085
(0,140)
(0,134)
(0,131)
(0,143)
(0,135)
Efeitos fixos
Ano
Sim
Sim
Sim
Sim
Sim
McF.Adj R2
19%
17%
17%
14%
22%
AIC
133,307
135,128
140,377
134,379
131,137
BIC
161,853
163,674
168,923
162,925
162,278
n
99
99
99
99
99
A hipótese H3, por sua vez, foi suportada, tendo em vista que a variável
A duração da campanha de financiamento dos empreendimentos de ECF também se revelou igualmente importante na probabilidade de obtenção de sucesso. Essa variável apresentou parâmetro significante e positivo (β4= 0,003; p < 0,01), ou seja, o número de dias que o empreendimento de ECF permanece captando recursos financeiros é relevante para que esse obtenha sucesso. Campanhas com mais dias de exposição (tempo de
Após terem sido testadas as hipóteses apresentadas pelo estudo, buscou-se estudar o efeito das variáveis de controle sobre o sucesso dos empreendimentos de ECF. Dessa forma, as variáveis de controle
A
Entretanto, o histograma também demonstrou que muitos empreendimentos que não alcançam seu sucesso nos primeiros 50 dias de campanha tendem a atingir sua meta financeira somente quando chegam próximos ao 150º dia. Observa-se, também, que empreendimentos que apresentam campanhas superiores a 150 dias tendem a ser fracassados.
No total, dos 99 empreendimentos analisados neste estudo, 46 foram capazes de obter sucesso em suas campanhas de financiamento via ECF. O tempo médio de existência de um projeto até que obtenha sucesso é de mais de 88 dias, sendo a campanha de financiamento mais rápida em quatro dias e a mais demorada em 197 dias. A campanha que levou 197 dias não foi desenvolvida no período que a CVM regularizou o prazo máximo de 180 dias (instrução CVM 588); trata-se de campanha realizada em 2015, a qual obteve prazo superior para que conseguisse completar seu processo de
A
A função risco, apresentada na
Esses modelos permitiram a utilização de covariáveis dependentes do tempo de sucesso dos dados observados. Ademais, essa especificação e a técnica de censura utilizada pelos modelos de sobrevivência devem auxiliar no controle de características individuais do conjunto de observações e no entendimento da dinâmica de entrada e saída de indivíduos nos eventos de falha (termo convencional na estatística). A falha nos modelos de sobrevivência foi tratada aqui como o encerramento das campanhas de ECF, ou seja, a partir da obtenção do sucesso de um determinado empreendimento.
Nota:
Fonte:
Modelos
Cox
Weibull
Gompertz
Perfil dos empreendimentos
Lmeta
1,622**
0,631**
0,732**
(0,373)
(0,373)
(0,401)
Categoria
1,640*
0,573*
0,601*
(0,206)
(0,181)
(0,191)
Advisor
1,763*
0,920*
0,905*
(0,690)
(0,749)
(0,744)
GEmp
1,523
0,391
0,551
(0,620)
(0,543)
(0,620)
Estágio
1,448
0,504
0,412
(0,574)
(0,591)
(0,558)
Tparticip
1,845**
0,209***
0,238***
(0,967)
(1,070)
(1,101)
Rlider
1,038
0,015
0,082
(0,430)
(0,414)
(0,449)
AIC
317,407
128,015
129,156
BIC
335,573
151,371
152,512
n
46
46
46
Diferentemente da métrica de riscos proporcionais de Cox (
Os resultados reportados na
A categoria dos empreendimentos também se apresentou como significativa para o tempo de sucesso das campanhas de ECF. Os empreendimentos que estavam ligados a produtos apresentaram velocidade do sucesso superior àqueles que diziam respeito a serviços em até 43% (modelo Weibull). Esse achado deve revelar a preferência dos investidores por depositarem seus recursos financeiros em
Empreendimentos de ECF que apresentaram
Com relação aos controles testados, ao gênero do empreendedor, ao estágio do empreendimento e à rodada liderada não foram significantes para acelerar ou reduzir o tempo percorrido até o sucesso das campanhas. Em contrapartida, o tipo de participação oferecida aos investidores revelou-se capaz de influenciar no tempo para obtenção do sucesso dos empreendimentos. Negócios que ofereciam
Neste estudo, examinaram-se os elementos ligados às características gerais dos empreendimentos de uma das maiores plataformas de ECF do Brasil, os quais exercem influência sobre o sucesso das campanhas de financiamento de
Os resultados gerais da pesquisa apontam que a meta financeira dos empreendimentos, a categoria na qual esses empreendimentos estão inseridos, a participação de investidores experientes durante o processo de captação de recursos, a duração das campanhas (número em dias que o empreendimento fica
Empreendimentos com metas de financiamento mais elevadas apresentaram mais chances de sucesso e tempo de sucesso mais acelerado em relação aos demais. Isso deve ocorrer porque quanto mais arrecadações financeiras para o empreendimento, mais participação será oferecida em troca do investimento. Negócios que estavam ligados ao desenvolvimento de produtos, e não de serviços, apresentaram mais chances de sucesso, e sucesso mais acelerado quando comparados aos outros. A participação de
Campanhas que permanecem mais tempo em captação de financiamento podem ter mais chances de sucesso, como, por exemplo campanhas com 50, 100 e 150 dias. Por último, negócios que ofereciam
Diante do exposto, acredita-se que o presente estudo tenha contribuído com novas informações sobre a dinâmica do sucesso de empreendimentos financiados via ECF. A partir da modelagem
Os achados aqui revelados devem desempenhar papel importante na tomada de decisão de futuros empreendedores e investidores no mercado de ECF, na medida em que, ao conhecer as características das campanhas de financiamento de
O desenho desta pesquisa impõe limitações ao trabalho, as quais podem restringir a generalização dos resultados obtidos. Pode-se apontar um conjunto de aspectos merecedores de atenção: (i) o estudo limita-se ao ambiente brasileiro; (ii) o momento em que os dados foram coletados pode produzir comportamentos específicos das variáveis observadas. Ademais, o estudo a respeito do ECF se torna relevante, pois auxilia no conhecimento de novas relações econômicas e modelos alternativos de financiamento, os quais buscam solucionar problemas como escassez de crédito para micro e pequenas empresas recém-criadas (
A título de estudos futuros, destaca-se a possibilidade da investigação acerca do impacto da legislação (recente) da CVM sobre o mercado de ECF, e.g., modelos do tipo experimento natural e modelos DID (