Genetic Markers for Advances in the Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-5154.v25p1-7Keywords:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, genetic marker, genetic predisposition, early diagnosis, polymorphismsAbstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to insulin deficiency and loss of glycemic control. This review analyzed sixteen articles on advances in the diagnosis and genetic predisposition to DM1, focusing on genetic markers such as HLA alleles and T cell receptors (TCR). Polymorphisms in immune response genes, such as HLA-DR3/4, and the role of autoantibodies in early detection were examined. The genetic diversity of Brazilian populations is highlighted, showing the impact of mixed ancestry on predisposition to DM1. It is concluded that genetic markers allow for more accurate diagnoses and personalized therapeutic interventions, resulting in a more efficient approach to the clinical management of the disease.
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