Didactic prototype demonstrates the effect of intracranial pressure on cerebral perfusion pressure

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v101i6e-196560

Keywords:

Proof-of-Concept Study, Intracranial Pressure, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Biophysics

Abstract

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) results from the difference between mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure (ICP). The comprehension of the biophysical principles that explain how ICP influences CPP dynamics requires abstraction and can be explained by analogy using low-cost prototypes. Objective: To come up with a didactic prototype developed with recyclable materials that shows the influence of ICP on CPP. Method: A prototype was built with a 200 ml PET bottle, overpassed by a 06 cm latex ball (standard: 5:150 cm), simulating respectively, the skull and a single cerebral vessel. A 10 ml syringe was connected to the PET in order to reduce the volume of the system and increase the pressure inside it. A latex bulb, containing an unidirectional valve, was connected to the latex ball through a double-lumen tube, in which, one of the branches was used to direct an airflow to the latex ball. To demonstrate the pressure variation inside the PET (∆P1) and inside the latex ball (∆P2), two aneroid manometers (M1 and M2, respectively), connected with latex hoses, were used. All connections have been sealed with silicone. Results: The syringe plunger compression reduced the system volume and increased ∆P1 = 30mmHg, resulting in a collapsed ball and increased resistance to the air flow (with an increase of ∆P2 = 30 mmHg in M2) when the bulb was pressed. The perceived handgrip effort to compress the bulb was higher when ∆P1 was increased. The prototype allowed a direct intuitive comparison between the PET/skull and the ball/blood vessel, and it was also possible to see how the elevation of the ICP plays an important role in the CPP. Conclusion: Prototypes with low-cost materials are intuitive and easily accessible tools that can be used to didactically illustrate the fundamental biophysical influence of ICP on CPP in humans.

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Author Biographies

  • Marcus Roberto Magalhães Cassani, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Center of Reproductive Biology, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil

    Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Center for Reproductive Biology - CRB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.

  • Victor Toledo Guilarducci, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Center of Reproductive Biology, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil

    Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Center for Reproductive Biology - CRB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.

  • Rodrigo Hohl, Physiology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Professor, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departmento de Fisiologia

  • Carlos Alberto Mourão Júnior, Physiology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Professor, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departmento de Fisiologia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

  • Akinori Cardozo Nagato, Federal University of Juiz de Fora

    Physiology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. / Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Center for Reproductive Biology - CRB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG. 

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Published

2022-11-29

Issue

Vol. 101 No. 6 (2022)

Section

Artigos Originais/Originals Articles

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Copyright (c) 2022 Marcus Roberto Magalhães Cassani, Victor Toledo Guilarducci, Rodrigo Hohl, Carlos Alberto Mourão Júnior, Akinori Cardozo Nagato

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How to Cite

Cassani, M. R. M., Guilarducci, V. T., Hohl, R., Mourão Júnior, C. A., & Nagato, A. C. (2022). Didactic prototype demonstrates the effect of intracranial pressure on cerebral perfusion pressure. Revista De Medicina, 101(6), e-196560. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v101i6e-196560