O papel paradoxal de Lactobacillus na saúde
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v103i1e-221034Palavras-chave:
Lactobacillus, Probióticos, Cárie dentária e saúdeResumo
O gênero Lactobacillus faz parte da microbiota normal, mas está relacionado a uma variedade de infecções humanas, como abscessos dentários, bacteremia, colecistite, empiema, endocardite, meningite, peritonite, infecção protética do joelho e pielonefrite. Paradoxalmente, há evidências da eficácia da utilização dos Lactobacillus sob a forma de probióticos para prevenção e tratamento de doenças diarréicas e inflamatórias intestinais, vaginoses bacterianas, infecções do trato urinário e respiratório e até mesmo cárie dentária. O presente trabalho objetivou demonstrar e discutir esses contraditórios papéis do gênero Lactobacillus. Para isso, foram selecionados relatos de caso, ensaios clínicos, revisões da literatura e metanálises, dos últimos 30 anos, utilizando-se as palavras-chaves: Lactobacillus, Probiotics, Dental Caries, Diseases and Health. Os diferentes estudos demonstraram que os efeitos dos probióticos podem ser específicos de cada cepa e que a cepa mais efetiva para cada quadro clínico, sua dose ideal, sua melhor forma de administração e melhor momento de utilização ainda são questionáveis. Além disso, a existência de uma comorbidade ou condição suscetível pré existente no paciente aumenta o risco de infecções por lactobacilos. Assim, concluiu-se que, somente após uma investigação cuidadosa da cepa de Lactobacillus e do paciente, das suas condições bucais e gerais, os probióticos contendo esses microrganismos poderiam ser utilizados de forma mais segura, benéfica e eficaz.
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