Apneia obstrutiva do sono e craniossinostoses sindrômicas: uma revisão de literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v105i3e-232075Palavras-chave:
Síndromes da apneia do sono, craniossinostose , revisãoResumo
Este estudo apresenta uma revisão de escopo que visa aprofundar o entendimento sobre os fatores relacionados à apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) em indivíduos com craniossinostose sindrômica (CS). 32 artigos publicados entre 1990 e 2022 foram analisados, extraídos das bases Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. As síndromes de Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Muenke e Saethre-Chotzen foram as mais frequentes na amostra, composta majoritariamente por crianças e adolescentes de até 18 anos. A prevalência de AOS variou amplamente, entre 18% e 77,3%, sendo mais comum em pacientes menores de cinco anos, com diagnóstico predominante por meio de polissonografia, exame considerado padrão-ouro. Os sintomas clínicos mais frequentes incluíram ronco, sonolência diurna, respiração bucal e infecções respiratórias recorrentes, com piora dos sinais durante o sono REM e em episódios de infecções das vias aéreas superiores. A anatomia alterada, especialmente a hipoplasia do terço médio da face e o aumento do comprimento das vias aéreas superiores, contribui para múltiplos níveis de obstrução, embora a presença de herniação do romboencéfalo não tenha se mostrado associada à maior incidência de AOS. Além disso, a revisão destaca uma possível correlação entre AOS moderada a grave e o desenvolvimento de hipertensão intracraniana, condição prevalente em até um terço dos pacientes com CS, especialmente na síndrome de Crouzon. Este aumento da pressão intracraniana pode agravar o quadro clínico, demandando monitoramento cuidadoso. Questionários de triagem aplicados em conjunto com a polissonografia mostraram-se úteis para a identificação precoce da AOS. Em suma, a apneia obstrutiva do sono em pacientes com craniossinostose sindrômica é uma condição multifatorial e complexa, que requer avaliação individualizada e multidisciplinar para minimizar seus impactos negativos na saúde e no desenvolvimento desses pacientes, ressaltando a necessidade de pesquisas futuras para elucidar melhor suas inter-relações e otimizar o manejo clínico.
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Direitos autorais (c) 2026 Aline Donata Tanoue, Isabela Alves Campos Alcon, Stephanie Domeneck Nissan, Luiz Otávio da Silva, Dr. Sergio Henrique Kiemle Trindade, Dr. Adriano Yacubian Fernandes
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
