O papel das telas na epidemia da obesidade infantil: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v104i6e-232193Palavras-chave:
Sobrepeso em crianças, Dispositivos eletrônicos, Comportamento SedentárioResumo
A obesidade, caracterizada pelo excesso de gordura corporal, tem apresentado um crescimento acelerado, com destaque para a faixa etária infantil. Esse aumento é atribuído a fatores como dieta inadequada, sedentarismo, predisposição genética, desequilíbrios hormonais e condições socioeconômicas e ambientais, incluindo o uso excessivo de telas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é revisar a literatura sobre a obesidade infantil, explorando sua relação com o uso de telas e sedentarismo, além de comparar com outros fatores como (I) influências, (II) puberdade precoce e (III) comorbidades psicológicas. Para a seleção dos artigos relacionados ao uso de telas e obesidade, buscou-se artigos originais indexados na base eletrônica PubMed publicados em língua inglesa entre 2020 e 2024, utilizando o descritor: ((Child obesity) AND (screen)) OR (television)) OR (computer)) OR (tablet)) OR (cell phone)) AND (sedentary lifestyle), sendo selecionados os artigos relevantes ao tema. A pesquisa identificou 17 artigos que abordaram a relação entre o uso de telas, sedentarismo e obesidade infantil. Os resultados mostraram que o tempo excessivo de tela está associado à agitação alimentar e ao ganho de peso. O uso prolongado de telas contribui para um estilo de vida sedentário, aumentando o risco de obesidade, que pode persistir na vida adulta. No que se refere às comorbidades psicológicas, meninas americanas e africanas foram as mais afetadas por insatisfação corporal e depressão. Além disso, a obesidade infantil eleva os níveis de leptina e andrógenos, favorecendo a puberdade precoce. Portanto, o uso excessivo de telas, aliado ao sedentarismo, desempenha um papel central no aumento da obesidade infantil, que, além de persistir até a vida adulta, está associada a comorbidades psicológicas e a desordens endocrinológicas, sendo necessária a adoção de intervenções para mitigar seus efeitos e promover uma vida mais saudável.
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