Neural Basis of Learning

Abstract

Students’ learning mechanisms and success are crucial to the advancement of education and knowledge. Therefore, understanding the neural basis of learning and applying it to educational programs can enhance how individuals acquire knowledge. Currently, educational programs are mostly centered on a teacher-based approach, which is not ideal for information retention. Instead, programs should be focused on achieving the three stages of learning: encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. In fact, current methods do not result in significant encoding (the first step). Strong encoding is associated with individual’s attention and focus on the material. Consolidation comes from the strengthening of neural pathways by providing meaning to the material being learned, and establishing strong connections to achieve long-term potentiation. Finally, retrieval is maximized when knowledge is fully established and a schema has been attained. It is important to take into account how education influences and can be used to optimize learning. Considering existing neural evidence, educational systems should change to a student-centered approach to improve learning.