Replacement methods of the animal model for surgical techniques learning

a review

Abstract

The use of live animal models in teaching surgical technique in medical schools was reduced due to bioethical debate. Thus, alternatives are necessary for the quality of training to be maintained. To carry out a bibliographic review on the alternative methods to the animal model for the teaching of the surgical technique in the course of medical graduation. A review of the bibliography was carried out in scientific articles published on the platforms SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, BVS-Vet, BIREME in the last 15 years. There are several models that have been developed as an alternative for the use of live animals in the teaching of surgical technique. They range from synthetic fabric for suture training, through chemically preserved corpses and models printed by 3D printers, to computer simulators. The current models, whether synthetic, 3D models or simulators, still have certain limitations, but with the advent of new technologies new alternatives will emerge and certainly complement effectively the teaching of surgery in medical schools.